This paper presents an experimental study on the pullout behavior of a vertical plate anchor buried in sand under lateral loading, using the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. Based on image analysis, the influences of anchor embedment ratio, sand relative density, and sand–plate interface friction on the failure and deformation mechanisms were discussed. With lateral displacements, the plate anchor experienced passive soil pressure in the front and active soil pressure from the behind. It is observed that the passive failure surfaces varied from approximately linear to be curved and finally became locally rotational with increasing embedment ratios, which indicated that the failure mode transitioned from general shear to be local shear gradually. The failure process is progressive in nature, and the critical embedment ratio is sand-state dependent. With an increasing relative density of sand, the front passive failure zone became larger, whereas the scope of the active failure zone reduced. A wider range of soil may be mobilized by plate anchors of a greater interface frictional strength, leading to enhanced anchor capacity, and this effect decreased with increasing anchor embedment ratios and vanished for deep anchors. The test findings can provide useful visualized data for the development and verification of relevant theoretical models.

To investigate the dynamic response of silt-based foamed concrete as filler in subgrade, this paper conducted staged cyclic loading experiments to examine its dynamic properties. Influence factors such as wet density and silt content were also addressed in experiments. The results of tests indicated that the hysteretic curves of silt-based foamed concrete presented obvious elastoplastic characteristics, and the dynamic stress–cumulative strain curves have a strain-hardening phenomenon. Dynamic strength increased a mean level of 65% when density increased by an average of $100\mathrm{kg}/{\mathrm{m}}^3$ at the range of density $600–800\mathrm{kg}/{\mathrm{m}}^3$ . Meanwhile, the dynamic strength decreased by an average of 14.2% if silt content increased by a mean of 10%. Furthermore, the addition of silt transformed the pore structures from uniformly distributed sphericity into irregular combined bubbles with larger diameters. Besides, during the staged cyclic loading process, it was deduced that dynamic elastic modulus of material has a variation with cycles, but can be basically assumed constant in tests. Thus, the dynamic stress–cumulative strain curves of silt-based foamed concrete subjected to staged cyclic loads were derived based on the Ramberg-Osgood equation. The parameters of the Ramberg-Osgood equation were also analyzed according to the test data. Finally, the damage variable expressions versus plastic strain and cyclic numbers were established respectively. It was found that density and silt content can significantly affect damage evolution.

The connected vehicle environment is significant for the future road network. For constructing the connected vehicle environment, real-time data acquirement is always the prerequisite. Recently, using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)-based roadside infrastructures are becoming a prevalent method of obtaining real-time traffic data. However, the collected raw data from LiDAR cannot usually be used directly. The steps of data processing, like background filtering and object detection, are necessary. The processed data can then be employed in different applications. This paper proposed a novel layer-based searching method that is established with the help of the point distribution features to distinguish moving objects from the point cloud. It aimed to address the unexpected influence of factors such as congested situations and package loss. The new approach was also evaluated compared with the state-of-the-art methods by applying field data. The results showed that the proposed method is more effective than other methods. This method may be applicable to other types of rotating LiDAR for improving the background filtering performance.