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The study was based on saline soils with surface mineral layers impacted by the waste produced by the soda plant in Poland. The activity of selected enzymes (catalase CAT, alkaline AlP, and acid phosphatase AcP), pH in KCl, content of the clay, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total exchangeable bases (TEB), electrical conductivity (ECe), CaCO3, and concentration of available phosphorus AP were investigated in the soil next to the soda plant. Based on the enzyme activity, the following were calculated: enzymatic pH indicator AlP/AcP, the resistance index (RS), resilience index (RL), relative changes (RCh), and the time index (TI). The soil was sampled from the mineral horizon in spring and autumn from eight (S1–S8) soil sampling sites in the area of the soda plant and from the control point (C). Soil is characterized by alkaline reaction. Statistical analysis (ANOVA, η2 effect size) showed significant variation in parameters under the influence of different sites next to soda plant. The content of TOC ranged from 4.70 to 47.7 g kg−1, and TN from 19 to 4.36 g kg−1. ECe next to the soda plant ranged between 6.87 and 204 mS cm−1. The highest values were confirmed in the soil of S1 both in spring and autumn. Higher TEB values were noted in the soil in autumn. In the soil within the impact of the soda plant, the AP content decreased and in the soil from sites S1, S3, S6, and S8 (in spring), the lowest AP content was recorded at 1.20, 4.14, 5.98, and 0.99 mg kg−1, respectively. The highest activity of AlP in spring was noted at site S1 and in autumn at site S4. In the soil next to the soda plant, the activity of AcP decreased, as compared to the control which is seen from the negative values of the coefficient of relative changes (RCh). The analysis of RCh in the catalase activities showed that in the soil from sites S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5, the activity increased, as compared to the control. The lowest values of the resistance index (RS) for phosphatases were reported in the soil of S6. Research shows that the activity of enzymes and their indexes make it possible to conduct long-term monitoring and identify the processes in soil.
Joanna Lemanowicz; Kinga Gawlińska; Anetta Siwik-Ziomek. Impact of Technogenic Saline Soils on Some Chemical Properties and on the Activity of Selected Enzymes. Energies 2021, 14, 4882 .
AMA StyleJoanna Lemanowicz, Kinga Gawlińska, Anetta Siwik-Ziomek. Impact of Technogenic Saline Soils on Some Chemical Properties and on the Activity of Selected Enzymes. Energies. 2021; 14 (16):4882.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoanna Lemanowicz; Kinga Gawlińska; Anetta Siwik-Ziomek. 2021. "Impact of Technogenic Saline Soils on Some Chemical Properties and on the Activity of Selected Enzymes." Energies 14, no. 16: 4882.
The chemical properties and enzymatic activity of the surface soil horizon were compared between an organic farm (OF) (crop rotation with legume plants, fertilisation with manure) and a conventional farm (CF) (simplified crop rotation, mineral fertilisation, chemical crop protection products). In the years 2001-2017 on the OF (near the village of Juchowo, northern Poland), a reduced tillage system (ploughless) was used, while plough cultivation was used on a CF located in its immediate vicinity. The parameters used to assess the properties of soils were: particle size composition, pH, total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). The activity of dehydrogenases (DEH), catalase (CAT), alkaline phosphatase (AlP) and acid phosphatase (AcP) and the content of easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EEGRSP) were also determined. Sixteen years of soil use in accordance with ecological principles significantly increased the average content of TOC, NT, DOC and DON. Soil samples rich in TOC and DOC showed significantly higher DEH and AcP activity, and EEGRSP content. Statistical analysis showed that the activity of DEH, AlP and CAT in the soil was significantly higher for the OF than for the conventional cultivation system. Limiting soil cultivation procedures on the OF improved the balance of soil organic matter (SOM) and pH value, and significantly increased the content of EEGRSP as compared to the cultivation system used on the CF.
Mirosław Kobierski; Joanna Lemanowicz; Piotr Wojewódzki; Krystyna Kondratowicz-Maciejewska. The Effect of Organic and Conventional Farming Systems with Different Tillage on Soil Properties and Enzymatic Activity. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1809 .
AMA StyleMirosław Kobierski, Joanna Lemanowicz, Piotr Wojewódzki, Krystyna Kondratowicz-Maciejewska. The Effect of Organic and Conventional Farming Systems with Different Tillage on Soil Properties and Enzymatic Activity. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (11):1809.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMirosław Kobierski; Joanna Lemanowicz; Piotr Wojewódzki; Krystyna Kondratowicz-Maciejewska. 2020. "The Effect of Organic and Conventional Farming Systems with Different Tillage on Soil Properties and Enzymatic Activity." Agronomy 10, no. 11: 1809.
The aim of the study was to assess the content of total organic carbon (TOC), macronutrients (P, K, and Mg), and glomalin (easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EEGRSP)) in soil, micronutrients (Zn and Cu) in soil and wheat, and the number of insects on plots in an organic (OF) and a conventional farming (CF) system, all against the background of alkaline phosphatase (AlP) and acid phosphatase (AcP) activity. The experimental design included two spring wheat species, Triticum sphaerococcum Percival and Triticum persicum Vavilov, and three sowing densities (grains m−2): 400, 500, 600. Statistical analysis (ANOVA, η2 effect size) showed significant variation in parameters under the influence of experimental factors. In the duration of the field experiment, TOC content in soil had decreased by 61% compared to the content before starting the experiment. The contents of P, K, and Mg and activity of AlP and AcP were higher in soil under T. sphaerococcum. With a sowing density of 600 grains m−2 under OF and CF, the significantly lowest macronutrient content and the highest AlP and AcP activity were found. The parameters tested (TOC, EEGRSP, P, K, Mg, TZn, TCu, AZn, CU in plant, AlP, AcP) were higher under the CF than under the OF system. The experimental factors (spring wheat species and number of germinating grains) were demonstrated to influence the content of the forms of both microelements in soil and plants. In CF, more content in the amount of Zn and Cu was found than in OF. But the content they had did not exceed the standards set for arable soils. Both wheat species had a significant impact on the concentration of glomalin in the soil from the fields cultivated in the OF system. In CF, a significant difference was caused by sowing density and by interaction between wheat species and sowing density. Insects preferred plants grown in the OF system compared to CF. Regardless of cultivation system, the number of insects was greater on the plots of T. sphaerococcum than on plots of T. persicum. There were more insects at higher sowing densities in plants grown in the OF system only.
Joanna Lemanowicz; Agata Bartkowiak; Robert Lamparski; Piotr Wojewódzki; Jarosław Pobereżny; Elżbieta Wszelaczyńska; Małgorzata Szczepanek. Physicochemical and Enzymatic Soil Properties Influenced by Cropping of Primary Wheat under Organic and Conventional Farming Systems. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1652 .
AMA StyleJoanna Lemanowicz, Agata Bartkowiak, Robert Lamparski, Piotr Wojewódzki, Jarosław Pobereżny, Elżbieta Wszelaczyńska, Małgorzata Szczepanek. Physicochemical and Enzymatic Soil Properties Influenced by Cropping of Primary Wheat under Organic and Conventional Farming Systems. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (11):1652.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoanna Lemanowicz; Agata Bartkowiak; Robert Lamparski; Piotr Wojewódzki; Jarosław Pobereżny; Elżbieta Wszelaczyńska; Małgorzata Szczepanek. 2020. "Physicochemical and Enzymatic Soil Properties Influenced by Cropping of Primary Wheat under Organic and Conventional Farming Systems." Agronomy 10, no. 11: 1652.
In 2019, 71 years after the establishment of a static fertiliser experiment, the chemical and biological properties of Luvisol soil with sandy-loam grain-size composition were determined. Soil samples were taken from six fertilised treatments: half-dose nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in mineral fertilisers (½ NPK); full-dose nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK); manure fertilisation + nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and liming (FYM NPK Mg Ca); manure + mineral fertilisers without magnesium and liming (FYM NPK); manure + nitrogen and phosphorus (FYM NP); manure + nitrogen and potassium (FYM NK). The soil was tested in two layers at depths of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm. Soil samples were tested for: pH in 1 M KCl (pH); electrical conductivity (EC); organic carbon content (OC); content of available phosphorus (Pa), potassium (Ka), magnesium (Mga) and sulphate sulphur (S-SO4); total number of bacteria (Bt), cellulolytic microorganisms (Bc), fungi (Ff) and actinomycetes (Ac); and alkaline phosphatase (AlP), acid phosphatase (AcP) and arylsulphatase (ArS) activity. The fertilisation that most favourably affected the chemical and biological properties of the soil was FYM NPK Mg Ca. This fertilisation increased: pH and EC; OC, Ka and Mga contents; Bt and Bc abundance; and AlP activity relative to all the methods of mineral and organic–mineral fertilisation that did not include all the ingredients of mineral fertilisers. On the other hand, the least favourable soil properties were formed by ½ NPK fertilisation in the 0–20 cm layer, and by the long-term use of mineral fertilisers only in the 20–40 cm layer.
Iwona Jaskulska; Joanna Lemanowicz; Barbara Breza-Boruta; Anetta Siwik-Ziomek; Maja Radziemska; Jaskulski Dariusz; Mateusz Białek. Chemical and Biological Properties of Sandy Loam Soil in Response to Long-Term Organic–Mineral Fertilisation in a Warm-Summer Humid Continental Climate. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1610 .
AMA StyleIwona Jaskulska, Joanna Lemanowicz, Barbara Breza-Boruta, Anetta Siwik-Ziomek, Maja Radziemska, Jaskulski Dariusz, Mateusz Białek. Chemical and Biological Properties of Sandy Loam Soil in Response to Long-Term Organic–Mineral Fertilisation in a Warm-Summer Humid Continental Climate. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (10):1610.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIwona Jaskulska; Joanna Lemanowicz; Barbara Breza-Boruta; Anetta Siwik-Ziomek; Maja Radziemska; Jaskulski Dariusz; Mateusz Białek. 2020. "Chemical and Biological Properties of Sandy Loam Soil in Response to Long-Term Organic–Mineral Fertilisation in a Warm-Summer Humid Continental Climate." Agronomy 10, no. 10: 1610.
Tillage is an agrotechnical practice that strongly affects the soil environment. Its effect on soil properties depends on the system and, more specifically, on the degree of soil inversion and loosening. Strip-till is a non-inversive method that loosens only narrow soil strips. In strip-till one-pass (ST-OP) technology, tillage is combined with a simultaneous application of fertilizers and seed sowing. In a static multi-year field experiment, the soil properties after application of ST-OP for 8 years were compared to those of soil under conventional tillage with the use of a moldboard plough to a depth of 20 cm (CT), and equally deep loosened and mixed reduced tillage (RT). A field experiment of these three treatments was performed since 2012 in sandy loam soil, Luvisol. A total of 44 features were examined that described the physical, chemical, biological, and biochemical soil properties in the 0–20 cm layer, and penetration resistance (PR), bulk density (BD), and soil moisture (SM) in the 25–30 cm layer. The influence of the ST-OP technology on the yield of crops was also determined. Multivariate analysis shows that the ST-OP method, in terms of affecting the soil properties, differs considerably from RT and CT treatments. The soil after the ST-OP method contained two- to four-fold more earthworms (En), with a mass (Em) 2- to 5-fold higher, than those in the soil following RT and CT, respectively. In the ST-OP soil the content of available phosphorus (Pa) and available potassium (Ka); the total count of bacteria (Bt), cellulolytic microorganisms (Bc), and fungi (Ff); and the activity of phosphatases (AlP, AcP) were significantly higher. Compared with CT, the content of total organic carbon (Ct) and its content in the fractions of organic matter were also higher, with the exception of humins (CH). The yields of winter rapeseed and winter wheat using the ST-OP technology were marginally higher compared with those using the CT and RT technology.
Iwona Jaskulska; Kestutis Romaneckas; Dariusz Jaskulski; Lech Gałęzewski; Barbara Breza-Boruta; Bożena Dębska; Joanna Lemanowicz. Soil Properties after Eight Years of the Use of Strip-Till One-Pass Technology. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1596 .
AMA StyleIwona Jaskulska, Kestutis Romaneckas, Dariusz Jaskulski, Lech Gałęzewski, Barbara Breza-Boruta, Bożena Dębska, Joanna Lemanowicz. Soil Properties after Eight Years of the Use of Strip-Till One-Pass Technology. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (10):1596.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIwona Jaskulska; Kestutis Romaneckas; Dariusz Jaskulski; Lech Gałęzewski; Barbara Breza-Boruta; Bożena Dębska; Joanna Lemanowicz. 2020. "Soil Properties after Eight Years of the Use of Strip-Till One-Pass Technology." Agronomy 10, no. 10: 1596.
Over the past 90 years, anthropogenic degradation of soil caused by alkaline, magnesium‐rich dust deposit has presented a serious problem near magnesite processing factories in Jelšava and in Lubeník (Slovakia). The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical and biological soil properties in 14 sampling sites at different distances from factories, and based on the results, to propose further use of affected land. Results revealed that the available Mg 3–68 fold exceeded very high content for medium‐textured soils at all grassland sampling sites, and areas close factory contained up to 14,366–17,394 mg kg‐1. Higher excess of available Mg caused significant increase of soil pH (up to 9.39) and worsened the conditions for the growth of vegetation. As a result, lower stock of labile soil organic carbon (501–961 mg kg‐1) with consequently weaker enzymatic activity occurred. Therefore, enrichment by organic matter provides a measure to support the biological activity of soil. The content of monitored heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni) was not related to Mg and did not influence the enzymatic activity of soil. Because alkaline emissions have decreased by 99.8% since 1970, the application of classical measures (mechanical removal of the Mg‐rich crust, incorporation of gypsum and manure to the soil), or newer methods (growing of Mg hyper‐accumulating plants) can offer more lasting positive effects than those of 50 years ago. This study concluded alkaline dust as main factor affecting soil degradation. Nevertheless, natural origin of Mg from Mg‐parent rocks should be accounted. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Nora Polláková; Ján Hamar; Vladimír Šimanský; Agata Bartkowiak; Joanna Lemanowicz. Secondary enrichment of soil by alkaline emissions: The specific form of anthropo‐geogenic soil degradation near magnesite processing factories and possibilities of land management. Land Degradation & Development 2020, 32, 881 -895.
AMA StyleNora Polláková, Ján Hamar, Vladimír Šimanský, Agata Bartkowiak, Joanna Lemanowicz. Secondary enrichment of soil by alkaline emissions: The specific form of anthropo‐geogenic soil degradation near magnesite processing factories and possibilities of land management. Land Degradation & Development. 2020; 32 (2):881-895.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNora Polláková; Ján Hamar; Vladimír Šimanský; Agata Bartkowiak; Joanna Lemanowicz. 2020. "Secondary enrichment of soil by alkaline emissions: The specific form of anthropo‐geogenic soil degradation near magnesite processing factories and possibilities of land management." Land Degradation & Development 32, no. 2: 881-895.
Salinity is one of the main causes of degradation in the soil environment. The long-term salinity affects the properties physicochemical and activity of the biological parameters in soil considerably. The aim in the study was to assess the content of selected macro- and microelements and...
Agata Bartkowiak; Joanna Lemanowicz. The content of available macro- and microelements against the background of enzymatic activity in soils affected by the soda industry. Soil Science Annual 2020, 71, 215 -220.
AMA StyleAgata Bartkowiak, Joanna Lemanowicz. The content of available macro- and microelements against the background of enzymatic activity in soils affected by the soda industry. Soil Science Annual. 2020; 71 (3):215-220.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgata Bartkowiak; Joanna Lemanowicz. 2020. "The content of available macro- and microelements against the background of enzymatic activity in soils affected by the soda industry." Soil Science Annual 71, no. 3: 215-220.
The study aimed to evaluate the total content and bioavailable forms of Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni and enzymatic activity (nitro reductase and peroxidases) in the mineral levels of surface soils within the zone of influence of various tree species. The conducted variance analysis confirmed the significant impact of the studied tree habitats on the total content and bioavailable forms of metals and on enzymatic activity. The total content of analysed metals were low and in no case exceeded the possible concentrations. The high bioavailability (AF %) values calculated for habitats of different species compositions (of 53.78% for Zn, 76.82% for Cu, 60.81% for Pb and 44.72% for Ni) may pose a risk of accumulation of these metals in plants. A significant correlation was found between nitrate reduction activity and Pb content (r = 0.510) and Cu (r = 0.678). Principal component analysis allowed two principal components to be distinguished (PC1 and PC2) that accounted for 60.95% of the total change in variance.
Agata Bartkowiak; Joanna Lemanowicz; Robert Lamparski. Assessment of selected heavy metals and enzyme activity in soils within the zone of influence of various tree species. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -10.
AMA StyleAgata Bartkowiak, Joanna Lemanowicz, Robert Lamparski. Assessment of selected heavy metals and enzyme activity in soils within the zone of influence of various tree species. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgata Bartkowiak; Joanna Lemanowicz; Robert Lamparski. 2020. "Assessment of selected heavy metals and enzyme activity in soils within the zone of influence of various tree species." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-10.
Soil enzymes play a key role in the circulation of nutrients and the functioning of the ecosystem. The aim of the study was to assess how the tree species of urban agglomerations affect soil quality and enzymatic activity (dehydrogenases DEH, catalase CAT, alkaline AlP and acid AcP phosphatase, protease PR, β-glucosidase GLU, and urease UR). To this end, soil samples were taken from beneath nine park trees. The risk of soil contamination by selected heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Cd) was also investigated against the background of the selected physicochemical properties. Enzyme activity results were used to calculate multi-parametric indices of soil quality: availability factor (AF), enzymatic pH indicator (AlP/AcP), biological index of fertility (BIF), geometric mean (GMea), alternation index (Al3), biochemical soil activity (BA16 and BA17). The results showed statistically significant differences in physicochemical and enzymatic properties of soil depending on tree species. Correlation analysis showed that the content of total organic carbon (TOC), total nirogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and humus (OM) in soil significantly influenced the activity of the studied enzymes and glomalin content. AF coefficient values (1.84%–18.19%) suggest that the bioavailability of available phosphorus (AP) was sufficient. The Pb, Ni, Cd content results were found to be low and did not exceed the permissible concentrations. DEH, CAT and AlP activity were highest under common hawthorn, and AcP, GLU and PR under northern white cedar. The calculated enzymatic indicators proved to be a sensitive and accurate indicator of the dynamics of changes taking place in the city park soil. Based on the results, an attempt can be made to assess the planning of sustainable development of studied areas of urban parks.
Joanna Lemanowicz; Samir A. Haddad; Agata Bartkowiak; Robert Lamparski; Piotr Wojewódzki. The role of an urban park's tree stand in shaping the enzymatic activity, glomalin content and physicochemical properties of soil. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 741, 140446 .
AMA StyleJoanna Lemanowicz, Samir A. Haddad, Agata Bartkowiak, Robert Lamparski, Piotr Wojewódzki. The role of an urban park's tree stand in shaping the enzymatic activity, glomalin content and physicochemical properties of soil. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 741 ():140446.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoanna Lemanowicz; Samir A. Haddad; Agata Bartkowiak; Robert Lamparski; Piotr Wojewódzki. 2020. "The role of an urban park's tree stand in shaping the enzymatic activity, glomalin content and physicochemical properties of soil." Science of The Total Environment 741, no. : 140446.
Understanding the spatial characteristics of soil properties would be helpful in recognizing their relationship and the development of site-specific management techniques. The paper aims to identify any spatial heterogeneity of the P-related properties in a plot scale and to explain the main mechanisms influencing this variability in the upper layer of arable Luvisols. Samples were collected from the upper soil horizon in April and August 2008. The content of the total (PTOT), available (PAVAIL), inorganic (PINORG) and organic (PORG) form of P and the acid (ACP) and alkaline (ALP) phosphatase activity were assessed. The ALP was significantly higher in April than in August, while the ACP did not differ between the sampling dates. The PINORG was significantly higher in August than in April, while the other P forms did not differ seasonally. The PORG content, PAVAIL concentration and ALP activity in April revealed a moderate spatial variability, while the PAVAIL content and ACP in August showed a strong variability. No significant relationship was found between any P form and the phosphatase activity. The results are essential to predict the contribution of internal factors in the total variability of soil properties that can interfere with the influence of soil management practices.
Anna Piotrowska-Długosz; Joanna Lemanowicz; Jacek Długosz. The spatial pattern and seasonal changes in the soil phosphorus content in relation to the phosphatase activity: a case study of Luvisols. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 2020, 66, 1583 -1597.
AMA StyleAnna Piotrowska-Długosz, Joanna Lemanowicz, Jacek Długosz. The spatial pattern and seasonal changes in the soil phosphorus content in relation to the phosphatase activity: a case study of Luvisols. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science. 2020; 66 (11):1583-1597.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Piotrowska-Długosz; Joanna Lemanowicz; Jacek Długosz. 2020. "The spatial pattern and seasonal changes in the soil phosphorus content in relation to the phosphatase activity: a case study of Luvisols." Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 66, no. 11: 1583-1597.
The aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of car traffic on the content of selected heavy metals in soil from a park area, and to define the dependency between their content and enzyme activity. Soil samples were collected from 13 points located along a communication route, each 100 m from the next and 50 m from the border of the road. Soil material was obtained from two depths (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm) and analysed for: pH in H2O and in KCl, OC, and texture by laser method. Total content of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni), available phosphorus and the activity of selected enzymes: catalase, dehydrogenase, acidic and alkaline phosphatase were all determined. The examined soils have the texture of loamy sands or sands (USDA 2012), slightly acidic or neutral pH, Organic Carbon (OC) content in the range from 3.50 to 13.80 g kg−1. The total contents of elements in surface horizons were, in order of decreasing concentrations: Pb>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cd, although in subsurface horizons it was Zn>Pb>Cu>Ni>Cd. Contamination Factor (CF) determined for Ni, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu reaches higher values in samples from subsurface horizons, which confirms the influence of car traffic on the content of heavy metals in the surrounding soils. The calculated CF shows contamination is moderate for Ni, Cd, Zn and Cu and high for Pb and Cu. The investigated soils may be classified as class IV (low) in terms of available phosphorus. The activity of the examined enzymes was higher in soil samples collected from the 0–20 cm layer than from 20–40 cm. The correlation analysis indicates a significant positive dependency between OC content in soils and enzymatic activity. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was also performed. Two principal components PC1 and PC2 account for 66.57% of the variability.
Hanna Jaworska; Joanna Lemanowicz. Heavy metal contents and enzymatic activity in soils exposed to the impact of road traffic. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 19981 -12.
AMA StyleHanna Jaworska, Joanna Lemanowicz. Heavy metal contents and enzymatic activity in soils exposed to the impact of road traffic. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):19981-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHanna Jaworska; Joanna Lemanowicz. 2019. "Heavy metal contents and enzymatic activity in soils exposed to the impact of road traffic." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 19981-12.
This paper presents phosphorus content, the activity of enzymes, and relationships between chemical properties in former sulphur mine soil ecosystems. Soil sampled 16 years after the completion of open-pit mining works at Machów, and 7 years after sulphur mining by the “melting” method was abandoned in the Jeziórko mine. In these soil samples were determined content of total (TP), mineral (MP), organic (OP), available (AP) phosphorus, the activity of catalase (CAT), dehydrogenases (DHA), alkaline (AlP) and acid (AcP) phosphatase, and metabolic metabolic quotient (qCO2). Total phosphorus content in samples from the Machów mine ranged from 0.297 to 0.392 g kg−1. In the soil from the vicinity Jeziórko, TP content was in the range 0.329–0.460 g kg−1. The content of AP in soil from the vicinity of Machów range from 10.77 to 43.44 mg kg−1, and near the Jeziórko mine from 5.73 to 18.03 mg kg−1. Availability factor (AF) for phosphorus was calculated, which was higher in soil under the impact of the Machów mine compared to the soil near the of Jeziórko mine. The activity of AlP in soil around the Jeziórko mine was lower than in soils sampled near the Machów mine. Enzymatic activity and total carbon content were used to calculate the biochemical activity index (BA12), which was higher in soils under the impact of the Machów mine. The value of metabolic quotient (qCO2) was low in the upper layers of the clarifier (Machów) and also 10 and 40 m from the borehole Jeziórko. The highest value of this parameter was observed in soil from the post-process waste dump at Machów (3.6 μgCO2 [μgC mic]−1 h−1). A long-term human impact significantly affected the soil phosphorus under study and the physico-chemical properties, which led to a change in the enzymatic activity of soil.
Joanna Lemanowicz; Małgorzata Brzezińska; Anetta Siwik-Ziomek; Jan Koper. Activity of selected enzymes and phosphorus content in soils of former sulphur mines. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 708, 134545 .
AMA StyleJoanna Lemanowicz, Małgorzata Brzezińska, Anetta Siwik-Ziomek, Jan Koper. Activity of selected enzymes and phosphorus content in soils of former sulphur mines. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 708 ():134545.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoanna Lemanowicz; Małgorzata Brzezińska; Anetta Siwik-Ziomek; Jan Koper. 2019. "Activity of selected enzymes and phosphorus content in soils of former sulphur mines." Science of The Total Environment 708, no. : 134545.
The activity of enzymes in soil is sensitive to the changes in soil properties affected by biotic and abiotic factors. This study investigates the influence of salinity on some enzymes (catalase CAT, dehydrogenases DEH, alkaline AlP, and acid AcP phosphatase) and pH in 0.01 M CaCl2, ECe, the content of total organic carbon, and total nitrogen in technogenic salinization soil next to the soda plant. Seven soil sampling sites were selected (S1–S6) in the area close to the soda plant and C (the control). Based on the enzyme activity, also soil indicators were calculated: the resistance index (RS), enzymatic pH indicator \( \frac{\mathrm{AlP}}{\mathrm{AcP}} \), the factor of the impact of anthropopressure (IF), the biological index of fertility (BIF), and the indices of biochemical soil activity (BA12 and BA13). The above study did not show one-way changes of the parameters investigated. The relations between the parameters and the activity of catalase, dehydrogenase, alkaline, and acid phosphatase show that they are mostly determined by the state of salinity of the soil environment. The calculated index of resistance (RS), as an effective means of the enzymatic response to environmental stress, facilitated putting the enzymes in the following series: CAT>DEH>AlP>AcP. It shows that catalase and dehydrogenases are most resistant to the anthropogenic factor. The calculated values of BA12 and BA13 indices showed the differences between technogenic salinization soils and the soil sampled from the control. The lowest BIF values were observed at S6 and S3, S4, and C.
Joanna Lemanowicz. Activity of selected enzymes as markers of ecotoxicity in technogenic salinization soils. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 26, 13014 -13024.
AMA StyleJoanna Lemanowicz. Activity of selected enzymes as markers of ecotoxicity in technogenic salinization soils. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26 (13):13014-13024.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoanna Lemanowicz. 2019. "Activity of selected enzymes as markers of ecotoxicity in technogenic salinization soils." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 13: 13014-13024.
This paper summarizes research work on the seasonal and profile dynamics of phosphorus content and the activity of phosphatase in soil next to the nitrogen industry. The results are presented of the total phosphorus (TP) and available phosphorus (AP) content and the alkaline phosphatase (AlP) and acid phosphatase (AcP) against the basic physicochemical properties (clay, pH, total organic carbon, total nitrogen). Three soil profiles were sampled from Brunic Arenosols 0.8, 2.0, and 2.5 km away from the nitrogen plant. The control profile was taken from the Tuchola Forest. The soil was collected in both spring and autumn. The results showed that the total phosphorus content was higher in spring than in autumn (the value of index of changes in time TI < 0) contrary to available phosphorus (TI > 0) and in both seasons in surface soils, the lowest, in profile I. Both total and available phosphorus decreased with depth along the soil profiles. The distribution index (DI) calculated for total phosphorus in surface soils demonstrated a rather moderate accumulation, while DI value for available phosphorus for profile III, a considerable accumulation. The availability factor (AF) for all the soil samples was above the threshold of phosphorus load (2%) in the two seasons in this study (from 2.00 to 10.13% for spring and from 3.92 to 21.19% for autumn), suggesting that the transformation rate from TP to AP was high, and AP supply for plant growth was sufficient. The correlation analysis showed a significant and positive correlation of available phosphorus with soil properties such as total organic carbon (r = 0.577), total nitrogen (r = 0.512), and clay (r = 0.493); however, there was no correlation with the activity of phosphatases.
Joanna Lemanowicz. Dynamics of phosphorus content and the activity of phosphatase in forest soil in the sustained nitrogen compounds emissions zone. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2018, 25, 33773 -33782.
AMA StyleJoanna Lemanowicz. Dynamics of phosphorus content and the activity of phosphatase in forest soil in the sustained nitrogen compounds emissions zone. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2018; 25 (33):33773-33782.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoanna Lemanowicz. 2018. "Dynamics of phosphorus content and the activity of phosphatase in forest soil in the sustained nitrogen compounds emissions zone." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 33: 33773-33782.
The paper presents the results of the effect of uncontrolled landfill sites located in the sandy soils of the Bydgoszcz Forest (central Poland, the Kujawy and Pomerania Province) on the content of available forms of selected macro- and microelements. Soil was sampled from the mineral surface horizon (0–20 cm) under three uncontrolled landfill sites (W1, W2, W3). They were the landfill spots on the surface of 20–35 m2 of different morphological composition. The control point (C) was located far from the waste landfill sites and beyond the range of their effect. Those soils were classified as Brunic Arenosols. This paper presents the arithmetic means of the results from three replications. Besides, the results of the analyses of the features investigated were exposed to the analysis of simple correlation (P < 0.05). Moreover, the principal component analysis (PCA) was used. The research demonstrated a significant effect of uncontrolled landfill sites on the changes in the soil reaction as well as significant changes in the content of organic carbon, available forms of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, copper and zinc. With the analysis of variance, it was found that the soil sampled under landfill site showed a significantly highest amount of the macro- and microelements studied. The analysis of correlation confirmed a significant positive dependence between the content of available forms of all the elements analysed and the soil reaction. Two principal components (PC1 and PC2) were extracted from the available data set which accounted for a total variance of approximately 92.02%.
Agata Bartkowiak; Joanna Lemanowicz; Barbara Breza-Boruta; Andrzej Zieliński. Assessment of the Effect of Uncontrolled Landfill Sites on the Content of Available Forms of Selected Macro- and Microelements in Forest Soil. International Journal of Environmental Research 2018, 12, 901 -907.
AMA StyleAgata Bartkowiak, Joanna Lemanowicz, Barbara Breza-Boruta, Andrzej Zieliński. Assessment of the Effect of Uncontrolled Landfill Sites on the Content of Available Forms of Selected Macro- and Microelements in Forest Soil. International Journal of Environmental Research. 2018; 12 (6):901-907.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgata Bartkowiak; Joanna Lemanowicz; Barbara Breza-Boruta; Andrzej Zieliński. 2018. "Assessment of the Effect of Uncontrolled Landfill Sites on the Content of Available Forms of Selected Macro- and Microelements in Forest Soil." International Journal of Environmental Research 12, no. 6: 901-907.
Salinity is the key global problem of the soil environment degradation. The paper demonstrates the results of research of the activity of selected soil enzymes (catalase, dehydrogenase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, rhodanase and arylsulphatase) as well as the content of macroelements (available phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulphates sulphur) in terms of the principal physicochemical properties. The soil was located in the vicinity of old sedimentation tanks within the impact of the plant of CIECH Soda Polska S.A (the soda plant) in Inowrocław (Central Poland). Pearson’s correlation coefficients were applied to assess the interactions between some physicochemical properties, some macroelements and soil enzyme activities. The results have shown that the soil ECe, P, K, Mg and S contents were changing depending on the soil sampling locations. The soil enzymes did not change significantly with an increase in ECe. The activity of rhodanase differed from the other soil enzymes analysed; that one can be used as an indicator of environmental pollutants produced during chemical industry processes. The result of this study found inconsistent salt-affected soil effects on soil enzyme activity. It remains a challenge to thoroughly delineate effects of salt-affected soil on soil process in general and on biochemical processes in particular, and as a result, the selection of the adequate method of revegetating such soil.
J. Lemanowicz; A. Siwik-Ziomek; J. Koper. Enzymatic variation of soils exposed to the impact of the soda plant in terms of biochemical parameters. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2018, 16, 3309 -3316.
AMA StyleJ. Lemanowicz, A. Siwik-Ziomek, J. Koper. Enzymatic variation of soils exposed to the impact of the soda plant in terms of biochemical parameters. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2018; 16 (7):3309-3316.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Lemanowicz; A. Siwik-Ziomek; J. Koper. 2018. "Enzymatic variation of soils exposed to the impact of the soda plant in terms of biochemical parameters." International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 16, no. 7: 3309-3316.
This study was conducted on the soils originating from a reclamation area of the former sulphur mine in Tarnobrzeg, Poland. Soil was sampled 16 years after the completion of mining works with the open-pit method at Machów, as well as 7 years after sulphur mining via the ‘smelting’ method in the Jeziórko mine was abandoned. Several biological parameters were examined: soil respiration, soil microbial biomass and the activity of rhodanese and arylsulphatase enzymes taking part in sulphur transformation within the site’s soils. The soils showed a high total sulphur and sulphates content. The SO42-constituted a large fraction of total sulphur, in some cases, exceeding 80% or even 95% of total sulphur. The soil pH decreased due to the degrading effects of sulphur mining. In the soils studied from the locations with the lowest soil pH value, no activity of arylsulphatase was reported and the activity of rhodanese was lowest. The highest soil respiration values were recorded from the 0-5 cm layer in the areas covered with forest vegetation. A high soil respiration value at the waste heap at Machów wherein a very high concentration of Stot and SO42-was observed can be due to the ability of fungi to produce hyphal strands and to survive unfavourable conditions.
Anetta Siwik-Ziomek; Małgorzata Brzezińska; Joanna Lemanowicz; Jan Koper; Paweł Szarlip. Biological parameters in technogenic soils of a former sulphur mine. International Agrophysics 2018, 32, 237 -245.
AMA StyleAnetta Siwik-Ziomek, Małgorzata Brzezińska, Joanna Lemanowicz, Jan Koper, Paweł Szarlip. Biological parameters in technogenic soils of a former sulphur mine. International Agrophysics. 2018; 32 (2):237-245.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnetta Siwik-Ziomek; Małgorzata Brzezińska; Joanna Lemanowicz; Jan Koper; Paweł Szarlip. 2018. "Biological parameters in technogenic soils of a former sulphur mine." International Agrophysics 32, no. 2: 237-245.
This paper aimed to evaluate the ecological risk posed by the accumulation of heavy metals in the salt-affected soils of the habitat covered by the EU Natura 2000 program in relation to the activity of soil redox enzymes. The research was carried out in the halophyte reserve in Ciechocinek (north-central Poland) which is a very specific habitat as it undergoes a long-term human impact related to both the operation of the medical spa town and the agricultural use of soils in the adjacent areas. The obtained results showed that the content of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd in the studied soils exceeded the Polish standards. Based on the obtained data and statistical analysis, it was found that metals may come from two different sources: emission from household boiler rooms (Pb, Cd) and corroded brine sewage pipeline (Zn, Cu).They are characterized by limited mobility due to alkaline environment and strong sorption properties of the clay fraction and organic matter. The correlation analysis indicates that the dehydrogenase activities were negatively correlated with soil electrical conductivity (EC1:5) (r = − 0.665, P < 0.05). Taking into account the protective status of the area, it is difficult to indicate definitely the solution concerning the land management. However, according to the authors, one should pay special attention to a possibility of using halophytes which occur within the reserve for phytoremediation.
Agata Bartkowiak; Joanna Lemanowicz; Piotr Hulisz. Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in salt-affected soils in the Natura 2000 area (Ciechocinek, north-central Poland). Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2017, 24, 27175 -27187.
AMA StyleAgata Bartkowiak, Joanna Lemanowicz, Piotr Hulisz. Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in salt-affected soils in the Natura 2000 area (Ciechocinek, north-central Poland). Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017; 24 (35):27175-27187.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgata Bartkowiak; Joanna Lemanowicz; Piotr Hulisz. 2017. "Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in salt-affected soils in the Natura 2000 area (Ciechocinek, north-central Poland)." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, no. 35: 27175-27187.
The paper evaluates the contents of total forms of selected heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni and Pb) as well as the activity of catalase (CAT), dehydrogenases (DEH), alkaline phosphatase (AlP) and acid phosphatase (AcP) in mineral surface horizons of forest soils exposed to the effect of road traffic pollutions. The sampling locations (n = 24) were determined in the area covered by the Szubin Forest along the exit road from Bydgoszcz to Poznań (provincial road no. 223). Soil was sampled 25 m away from the traffic lane, from two depths, 5–20 cm (humus horizons) and 20–50 cm (eluvial horizons). The contents of the heavy metals analysed were in the order of Pb > Zn > Cu > Ni. Despite intensive road traffic, with the Integrated Pollution Index (IPI) calculated, there was found a low pollution with nickel, average with zinc and copper and high with lead only. However, under the Regulation of the Minister of Environment, heavy metal values recorded allow for classifying the soils analysed as soils unpolluted with those metals. In the soil samples analysed, there were found significant positive dependencies between the content of clay fraction and zinc (r = 0.455; P < 0.05) and copper (r = 0.430; P < 0.05). With the enzyme activity results, values of the soil resistance index (RS) were calculated. The enzymes analysed were classified in the following decreasing order in terms of their resistance to traffic pollution: catalase > acid phosphatase > alkaline phosphatase > dehydrogenases (humus horizons) and catalase > dehydrogenases > alkaline phosphatase > acid phosphatase (eluvial horizons). Organic carbon showed a significant positive correlation with the activities of alkaline (r = 0.668; P < 0.05) and acid phosphatase (r = 0.668; P < 0.05) however not with catalase and dehydrogenases.
Agata Bartkowiak; Joanna Lemanowicz; Barbara Breza-Boruta. Evaluation of the content of Zn, Cu, Ni and Pb as well as the enzymatic activity of forest soils exposed to the effect of road traffic pollution. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2017, 24, 23893 -23902.
AMA StyleAgata Bartkowiak, Joanna Lemanowicz, Barbara Breza-Boruta. Evaluation of the content of Zn, Cu, Ni and Pb as well as the enzymatic activity of forest soils exposed to the effect of road traffic pollution. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017; 24 (30):23893-23902.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgata Bartkowiak; Joanna Lemanowicz; Barbara Breza-Boruta. 2017. "Evaluation of the content of Zn, Cu, Ni and Pb as well as the enzymatic activity of forest soils exposed to the effect of road traffic pollution." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, no. 30: 23893-23902.
The aim of the paper was to assess the effect of forest fire on the content of total and available forms of zinc, copper, lead, nickel and cadmium, as well as the activity of catalase in soil. The study was performed directly (2012) and a year after the fire (2013). The fire had a significant effect on the content of those heavy metals in surface horizons, however, it did not result in their rapid growth. The concentrations of total forms of metals did not exceed the norms provided for in Regulation of the Polish Minister of the Environment. The soil samples analysed can be considered unpolluted with those metals. The availability coefficients calculated showed an unfavourable higher availability of lead and cadmium over zinc and copper. The statistical analysis showed a significant effect of fire on the activity of catalase. Resistance of soil (RS) for catalase demonstrated lower values in the year 2012 as compared with 2013 (except for B soil). The calculated values of time index (TI) pointed to the activation of the enzyme a year after the fire. The Ward clustering method facilitated determining similarities between the sites in two research years (2012 and 2013) with the selected soil parameters. With the PCA method a negative effect of fire was identified.
Agata Bartkowiak; Joanna Lemanowicz. Effect of forest fire on changes in the content of total and available forms of selected heavy metals and catalase activity in soil. Soil Science Annual 2017, 68, 140 -148.
AMA StyleAgata Bartkowiak, Joanna Lemanowicz. Effect of forest fire on changes in the content of total and available forms of selected heavy metals and catalase activity in soil. Soil Science Annual. 2017; 68 (3):140-148.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgata Bartkowiak; Joanna Lemanowicz. 2017. "Effect of forest fire on changes in the content of total and available forms of selected heavy metals and catalase activity in soil." Soil Science Annual 68, no. 3: 140-148.