The poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae negatively impacts bird welfare and health, and interferes with egg production and quality, while emerging acaricide resistance limits control options. Fluralaner, a novel miticide for administration in drinking water, is approved for control of D. gallinae infestations. Mite sensitivity testing is relevant to gauge field isolate susceptibility to available treatments. Thirteen D. gallinae isolates collected during 2014 through 2016 from farms in Germany, France, Spain and Brazil, and a 2001 laboratory-maintained isolate were used for acaricide contact sensitivity testing. Tested compounds were cypermethrin, deltamethrin, phoxim, propoxur, and the recently available acaricides, spinosad and fluralaner. In each study, at least one isolate was exposed to increasing concentrations of at least one acaricide. In one study, additional testing determined the sensitivity of the 2001 isolate to fluralaner using a mite-feeding test, and of fluralaner, phoxim and spinosad using an immersion test. At least two replicates were used for each dilution. Vehicle and untreated controls were also included. Based on 90% mortality (LC₉₀) values, the laboratory isolate was susceptible to fluralaner (15.6–62.5 parts per million, ppm), phoxim (< 500 ppm), propoxur (< 125 ppm), and deltamethrin (500–1000 ppm). All field isolates remained sensitive to fluralaner concentrations ≤ 125 ppm. Spinosad LC₉₀ values for laboratory and field isolates ranged between 2000–4000 ppm. For phoxim, relative to the laboratory isolate, there was reduced sensitivity of two German isolates (LC₉₀ up to 4000 ppm) and two French isolates (> 4000 ppm). An isolate from Spain demonstrated reduced sensitivity to phoxim, propoxur and deltamethrin; an isolate from Brazil showed reduced sensitivity to propoxur and cypermethrin. Mite LC₉₀ when exposed to fluralaner by blood feeding was < 0.1 ppm. Contact sensitivity testing indicated apparent resistance to at least one of phoxim, deltamethrin, cypermethrin and propoxur in 13 field isolates from Europe and Brazil. All isolates were highly susceptible to fluralaner. Fluralaner was approximately 1000 times more active by feeding than by contact. Fluralaner’s distinct mode of action and efficacy against isolates largely refractory to those acaricides, makes it a promising option for the control of D. gallinae infestations of poultry.

A estabilidade e persistência de duas formulações de VPNMAg desenvolvidas pelo Instituto Biológico e Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo foram estudadas. As formulações foram armazenadas em condições ambiente e expostas à radiação ultravioleta em condições de laboratório e à radiação solar em condições de campo. A formulação pó molhável (PM) foi preparada através da impregnação da suspensão de vírus e adjuvantes em inerte mineral (Caolin). A formulação óleo emulsionável (OE) foi preparada pela mistura da suspensão do patógeno com óleo + adjuvantes. Durante 20 meses, com intervalos de 120 dias, amostras das formulações e do vírus original eram adicionadas à dieta artificial de lagartas de quarto ínstar de Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner). Após 20 meses de armazenamento, a formulação OE perdeu apenas 18,3% de sua atividade original, enquanto a formulação PM teve reduzida sua eficiência para 11,7% após 12 meses. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi observada para as duas formulações quando expostas à luz ultravioleta. Ambas protegeram o vírus quando comparado ao tratamento controle. Em condições de campo a formulação OE teve melhor persistência com cerca de 60% da atividade original presente após 14 dias da aplicação. Grande parte da formulação PM foi removida das folhas pela chuva.

The secondary metabolism products of plants have influenced great economic interest, given their chemical diversity and biological activities. Because of this, this study evaluates the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial activity, insecticidal, and antioxidant activity of plant extracts and oil of Myrcia oblongata. Saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, and flavonoids were detected. The extracts showed antimicrobial capacity on the tested microorganisms, except for the methanolic extract, which showed no activity for P. mirabilis and S. enteritidis. Regarding the analysis of antioxidant compounds, the hexanic, ethyl acetate and acetone extracts showed higher antioxidant activities and also higher insecticidal performance on Alphitobius diaperinus larvae, resulting in 80% adult mortality. The results reported here show that there may be a relationship between antioxidant potential and the insecticidal effect of Myrcia oblongata DC. The components present in both the extract and the oil can be used as natural alternative to synthetic compounds in the biological control of parasites and pathogenic microorganisms.

A importância econômica do cascudinho, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), para a avicultura e a ausência de medidas de controle eficientes e seguras têm levado à busca de alternativas no controle microbiano. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a patogenicidade de nematóides entomopatogênicos da família Steinernematidae contra larvas e adultos do inseto. Verificou-se que as larvas foram mais suscetíveis que os adultos e que dois isolados de S. carpocapsae foram os mais patogênicos.

The brown stink bug, Euschistus heros (F.) is one of the most important pests in soybean culture. However, its control has become difficult, due to the ineffectiveness and side effects of commonly used chemical insecticides. Entomopathogenic fungi has potential to be used to control brown stink bugs, with products already registered and marketed in Brazil. However, the natural low susceptibility of the brown stink bug to known isolates has led to the search for new isolates, under laboratory conditions. Thus, the objective of the present study is to select Beauveria bassiana isolates with high virulence against the brown stink bug and characterise their productivity in culture medium. The effect of some fungicides used in soybean crops on some fungi parameters was also evaluated. In addition, the efficiency of the fungi to control stink bugs was evaluated in a greenhouse. Among 24 isolates, Unioeste 76 isolate (B. bassiana lato sensu) was selected due to its higher insecticidal activity (96% insect mortality; 1 × 10⁸ conidia/mL) and productivity in culture medium (5.2 × 10⁹ conidia/g of rice). All fungicides affected the fungal parameters. In the greenhouse, soybean plants were sprayed with fungal suspension (1 × 10⁸ and 1 × 10⁹ conidia/mL) before and after infestation with adult stink bugs. After 14 days, mortality varied from 80 to 90%, respectively for treatment before and after infestation, proving the potential of the fungus. Therefore, field tests should be conducted with the formulated fungus.