Green finance is inextricably linked to investment risk, particularly in emerging and developing economies (EMDE). This study uses the difference in differences (DID) method to evaluate the mean causal effects of a treatment on an outcome of the determinants of scaling up green financing and climate change mitigation in the N-11 countries from 2005 to 2019. After analyzing with a dummy for the treated countries, it was confirmed that the outcome covariates: rescon (renewable energy sources consumption), population, FDI, CO₂, inflation, technical corporation grants, domestic credit to the private sector, and research and development are very significant in promoting green financing and climate change mitigation in the study countries. The probit regression results give a different outcome, as rescon, FID, CO₂, Human Development Index (HDI), and investment in the energy sector by the private sector that will likely have an impact on the green financing and climate change mitigation of the study countries. Furthermore, after matching the analysis through the nearest neighbor matching, kernel matching, and radius matching, it produced mixed results for both the treated and the untreated countries. Either group experienced an improvement in green financing and climate change mitigation or a decrease. Overall, the DID showed no significant difference among the countries.

Purpose: This paper reviews the challenging trends in the tourism sector of the UAE brought about by the Covid-19 pandemic. In so doing, it highlights a radical shift in the consumption of travel products and the related marketing strategies that tourism enterprises could adopt.Design/methodology/approach: The study aims to discern the ramifications of the Covid-19 pandemic for the tourism sector of the UAE by conducting a thematic review of the contextual literature. It highlights how tourism businesses can employ transformative strategies to revive the sector.Findings: The outcomes reveal that tourism businesses are finding it difficult to respond to the needs of customers in settings where physical distance is a reality. Given this, the study reveals the importance of digital technology in building a relationship between the supplier and the customer. Businesses can leverage virtual reality to provide enriching experiences to prospective customers and in so doing, influence their tourism product choices. Further, there is a need to co-create values wherein the final tourism product is beneficial to both the supplier in terms of profit margin and within the scope of the customer's willingness to pay.Originality/value: This review highlights that there are both demand and supply-side shocks in delivering tourism products in the post Covid-19 era. It also considers the key socio-economic factors that need to be accounted for when designing tourism products.

We aim to highlight the challenges for nonprofits marketing considering the economic slowdown and service failure due the COVID-19 pandemic. This conceptual study addresses how the lack of understanding of digital technologies among nonprofit organizations (NPOs) has further aggravated the situation, raising concerns about their survival. At the same time, the crisis always provides an opportunity to innovate, and the same is debated in this article. The NPOs that have shown reluctance towards digital technologies upgraded themselves to utilize such technologies for their survival. Further, they have the opportunity to rework their organizational model to attract funds for restoring their operations in the post-pandemic era. But the NPOs have a complex environment as they have two different sets of market segments to cater to—donors and clients. The significance of the article is that it provides marketing strategies for NPOs to advertise their past work to attract donors or funders, thereby ensuring financial viability along with social commitments towards society.

Social entrepreneurship helps solve social issues and bridges public and private sectors. This study uses a comprehensive framework to examine social, intellectual, and external risks in social entrepreneurship and its effects on society and the environment. Using the literature review’s variables, this study developed a conceptual model. The empirical research is based on a survey of 252 social entrepreneurs from different industrial/service sectors. The findings show that intellectual capital helps identify and seize social opportunities. Social capital—social networks, knowledge, trust, and critical resources—guide social entrepreneurs through complex social business environments. The study’s novel approach to external uncertainty in social entrepreneurship shows that firms can design risk-resilient strategies to build sustainable business models by considering external uncertainty. Organizations can consider social entrepreneurship’s social and environmental impacts to create businesses that address the root causes of societal issues. The study adds to theoretical understanding by incorporating a variety of factors that influence social entrepreneurship function and frameworks in driving social and environmental impact.

The present research explores the moral reasoning framework (MRF) that underpins business and marketing decisions, mainly focusing on the ethical challenges posed by aggressive sales tactics. Considering the critical judgement between sales pressure and ethical selling, this study answers the dilemma of marketing professionals by introducing an MRF. The study followed an integrative synthesis approach by utilizing conceptual review to draw the findings. The suggested MRF consists of four phases, all intertwined with each other, with aspects such as identifying problems associated with the crisis, performing context and fact analysis, selecting the optimum choice and implementing the ethical decision. The study highlights the importance of moral reasoning in helping sales professionals to navigate their ethical dilemmas, devising strategies to align with business objectives with ethical principles. By integrating insights from recent research, this article contributes to a deeper understanding of how businesses can promote ethical selling in a competitive environment that increasingly values transparency and integrity. The study ultimately provides valuable guidance for companies seeking to balance the demands of sales performance with the need to uphold ethical standards, offering practical recommendations for fostering a more ethical approach to sales and marketing.