Solid-state supercapacitors can be fabricated by uniformly coating RuO ₂ onto vertical graphene (VG) using a simple, scalable, low-cost and solution-free method. The binder-free RuO ₂ /VG hybrid electrodes possess a high areal capacitance, low electrical resistance, good frequency response, and excellent stability, shedding light on the commercialisation of Ru-based energy storage devices.

Thermal chemical vapour deposition techniques for graphene fabrication, while promising, are thus far limited by resource-consuming and energy-intensive principles. In particular, purified gases and extensive vacuum processing are necessary for creating a highly controlled environment, isolated from ambient air, to enable the growth of graphene films. Here we exploit the ambient-air environment to enable the growth of graphene films, without the need for compressed gases. A renewable natural precursor, soybean oil, is transformed into continuous graphene films, composed of single-to-few layers, in a single step. The enabling parameters for controlled synthesis and tailored properties of the graphene film are discussed, and a mechanism for the ambient-air growth is proposed. Furthermore, the functionality of the graphene is demonstrated through direct utilization as an electrode to realize an effective electrochemical genosensor. Our method is applicable to other types of renewable precursors and may open a new avenue for low-cost synthesis of graphene films.