Stunting is highly prevalent in Indonesian children. The objective of this study was to identify the associations of stunting with morbidity, parental education and socioeconomic status (SES) in Indonesian children. The study population was part of the South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS). A total of 2236 Indonesian children aged 0.5 to 12 years, who had participated in the SEANUTS, were included in this study. Stunting was defined as height for age Z-score (HAZ) ≤ −2 using WHO criteria and severe stunting as HAZ ≤ −3. Information on morbidity, parental education and family SES were collected by structured questionnaires. ANOVA was used for evaluating differences across groups, with or without correction for confounders. The results showed that the overall prevalence of stunting was 31.4%. HAZ in stunted children was associated with disease incidence, including frequency, parental education and family income. There were no significant differences in HAZ values in stunted children with one or more bouts of infectious, digestive tract or respiratory tract illnesses compared to stunted children with no reported illness. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesian children was high and was strongly associated with child morbidity, parental education and SES.

Micronutrient deficiencies and stunting are known as a significant problem in most developing countries, including Indonesia. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between micronutrient deficiencies and stunting with socioeconomic status (SES) among Indonesian children aged 6–59 months. This cross-sectional study was part of the South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS). A total of 1008 Indonesian children were included in the study. Anemia, iron deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, vitamin D deficiency, and stunting were identified in this study. Structured questionnaires were used to measure SES. Differences between micronutrient parameters and anthropometric indicators with the SES groups were tested using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc test after adjusted for age, area resident (rural and urban), and sex. The highest prevalence of anemia, stunting, and severe stunting were found to be most significant in the lowest SES group at 45.6%, 29.3%, and 54.5%, respectively. Children from the lowest SES group had significantly lower means of Hb, ferritin, retinol, and HAZ. Severely stunted children had a significantly lower mean of Hb concentration compared to stunted and normal height children. Micronutrient deficiencies, except vitamin D, and stunting, were associated with low SES among Indonesian children aged 6–59 months.

Makanan jajanan (street food) adalah makanan dan minuman yang dipersiapkan dan dijual oleh pedagang kaki lima di jalanan dan di tempat-tempat keramaian umum lain yang langsung dimakan atau dikonsumsi tanpa pengolahan atau persiapan lebih lanjut (BPOM, 2014). Berbagai pola penyiapan makanan jajanan yang dijual oleh pedagang, 65% tanpa pemrosesan, 82% diproses di lokasi penjualan dan 97% pangan siap saji (WHO, 1996). Penjamah makanan yang sakit/ pembawa penyakit (carrier) dan berperilaku tidak sehat dapat menjadi sumber kontaminan terhadap makanan yang dikelolanya. Sentra Pedagang Kaki Lima Blok S Jakarta Selatan, merupakan tempat penjualan makanan jajanan. Hasil identifikasi masalah masih ditemukan pada kualitas tenaga penjamah yang rendah, 93,3% kelengkapan APD yang tidak memenuhi syarat, 60% personal hygiene tidak memenuhi syarat, sedangkan dari pemeriksaan kualitas bakteriologis (usap tangan, usap alat dan sampel makanan) tidak memenuhi syarat 36,6%. Hasil pemeriksaan kualitas air yang digunakan 100% tidak memenuhi syarat. Faktor yang menyebabkan makanan tidak higienis dipengaruhi oleh Sanitasi Lingkungan yang tidak saniter maka diperlukan intervensi higiene dan sanitasi lingkungan agar makanan yang dijual oleh pedagang kaki lima di wilayah tersebut aman.

PENCAPAIAN PERTUMBUHAN ANAK INDONESIA UMUR 0,5–12,9 TAHUN

Penentuan status gizi anak balita sangat bergantung pada hasil pengukuran yang akurat dan alat ukur yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan alat ukur panjang dan tinggi badan digital untuk anak balita yang mampu mengukur secara otomatis dengan ketelitian 0,1 cm dan menyimpan hasil hingga 100 data anak. Alat ini menggunakan sensor VL53L0X serta menampilkan status gizi secara langsung berdasarkan standar WHO 2006 (TB/U). Sebanyak 43 anak balita diukur menggunakan alat digital dan manual. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan nilai Technical Error of Measurement (TEM) dan reliability pada alat digital berada dalam kategori “almost perfect” (≥0,8), serupa dengan alat manual. Hasil uji Paired-Samples T-Test menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kedua alat (p>0,05). Alat ukur digital juga menunjukkan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang tinggi dalam mendeteksi status gizi. Oleh karena itu, alat ini dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif praktis dalam pengukuran antropometri di daerah terpencil.

Overweight and central obese in Indonesia are increasing. The 2018 basic health research showed the prevalence of central obese at the age of 15 years was 31.0%. The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia is 34.1%. The purpose of this study was to describe the body mass index according to age (BMI/A) and the ratio of waist-hip circumference (WHR) to blood pressure in class XI MAN 4 Jakarta. The study used a descriptive approach with a cross sectional design. The sampling method used a proportional systematic random sampling formula and the number of samples representing each department was determined by the stratified random sampling formula. The research was conducted on at MAN 4 Jakarta on 52 students of class XI for the academic year 2021/2022 aged 16-17 years. While the primary data collected were sample characteristics used interview , body mass index by age used microtoise tools and weight scale, waist- hip ratio, and blood pressure. Results: BMI/A most of the subjects had good nutritional status 63.5%, WHR most of the subjects were in the no-risk category 61.5%, most of the subjects had normal blood pressure 76.9%. There was no significant relationship between age, gender, family history of hypertension and waist-to-hip-ratio circumference (WHR) to blood pressure (p>0,05) and to a significant relationship between body mass index by age (BMI/A) to blood pressure (p<0,05). Conclusion: There is a normal blood pressure tendencies are common those who had a body mass index by age (BMI/A) are overweight or obese and waist-to-hip-ratio circumference (WHR) are at risk