Objectives: In this systematic literature review and meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the impact of cigarette smoking on the prevalence and incidence of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Method: We performed a systematic literature review using the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register databases. The literature included publications from January 1980 to July 2019. The studies that provided clear information on the number of patients with ever smoking data were included in the meta-analysis. Results: The systematic literature review identified 52 and 24 articles for the prevalence of smoking in psoriasis and PsA, respectively. Of these, 16 articles on psoriasis and three and four (general population and psoriasis, respectively) articles on PsA met the criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of ever smoking was increased in psoriasis compared with the general population (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.4, 2.3). For PsA the prevalence of ever smoking was reduced in psoriasis patients (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.81), but not changed compared with the general population (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.32). Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that ever smoking increases the risk of psoriasis in the general population, but may reduce the risk of PsA in psoriasis patients. The latter may be also due to the collider effect. Whether smoking cessation neutralizes the risk of developing psoriasis requires a well-defined smoking data collection for the past history and this is currently unavailable in the literature.

The aim is to validate Turkish version Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS). One hundred forty patients (>65 years) were included. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition -V was used in all patients. Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale was applied for 2 days. Results were compared with Mini-Mental State Examination; reliability, validity, and statistical values were determined. Time validity was verified. Mini-mental state examination was correlated 45.3% in control and 73% in dementia group. Factor weights varied between 0.44 and 0.81; factor construct was verified as 6-item scoring. When 25 was cutoff point, sensitivity was 92.86% and specificity was 92.86%. Content validity index was found to be 100% by 7 specialists. Cronbach α (0.692) and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation = 0.987) were determined. Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (Turkish) is validated and verified as reliable. Test could be applied for 5 minutes approximately; results are not affected by educational status, immigrant status, and language used; however, age and gender have significant effect on results.