This study aims to evaluate the effects of alginate extract from Sargassum ilicifolium and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) pods extract on the re-epithelialization rate of the wound area and the number of neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts, fibrocytes, and collagen density in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. This study was done in vivo using male mice (strain BALB/C, 3 to 4 months old, 30 to 40g). The normal control group (KN) and the diabetic groups (induced by streptozotocin). The diabetic group was divided into 9 groups: three diabetic control groups (KD), three alginate treatment groups (KAI), and three treatment groups of alginate-okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) pods extract (KAIO). The treatment dose was 50 mg/kg body weight. Measurement of fasting blood sugar levels was done before and after streptozotocin injection. The treatment was carried out in three different time periods: 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days. Then, mice skin was cut and proceed for histopathological analysis. Interestingly, we indicated that the administration of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) pods extract combined with alginate from Sargassum ilicifolium could increase the rate of re-epithelialization of the wound area, increase the number of neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts, fibrocytes, as well as increase synthesized collagen. The combined extract was able to improve the healing process of open wounds in diabetic mice. Therefore, it can be concluded that the administration of alginate from Sargassum ilicifolium and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) pods extract was able to improve open wounds healing in diabetic mice due to the role of antioxidant from polysaccharides and quercetin which acted as anti-hyperglycemic to anti-inflammatory properties.

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood-glucose levels over a prolonged period that causes complications when an open wound is present. Alginate is an antioxidant and a good absorbent of exudates. Okra fruit contains flavonoids that can act as antioxidants. The antioxidant properties of extracts combination reduce blood-glucose levels significantly to accelerate the activities of wound-healing processes on diabetic mice. Alginate was characterized by Size Exclusion Chromatography-Multiple Angle Laser Light Scattering (SEC-MALLS), thermal stability and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹H-NMR). The evaluation of wound healing on 36 male mice were divided into 12 groups including normal control (NC), diabetics control (DC), alginate (DA) and alginate–okra (DAO) groups in three different times by histopathology test on skin tissue. The results of SEC-MALLS analysis showed that alginate as single and homogeneous polysaccharide. The ¹H-NMR spectrum showed that the mannuronate/guluronate ratio of the used alginate was 0.91. Alginate, okra fruit extract and their combination were classified as moderate and strong antioxidants. The numbers of fibrocytes, fibroblasts, collagen densities had significantly increased from three to seven days. In contrast, wound width, neutrophil, macrophages had significantly decreased at 14 days. The administration of extracts combination increased the re-epithelization of the wound area and wound-healing process on diabetic mice.

A diabetic foot ulcer is an open wound that can become sore and frequently occurs in diabetic patients. Alginate has the ability to form a hydrophilic gel when in contact with a wound surface in diabetic patients. Xanthones are the main compounds of mangosteen rind and have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the wound healing and antioxidants assay with a combination of alginate from S. ilicifolium and mangosteen rind combination extracts on a diabetic mice model. The characterization of alginate was carried out by size exclusion chromatography with multiple angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The M/G ratio of alginate was calculated by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR). The antioxidant activity of mangosteen rind and the combination extracts was determined using the DPPH method. The observed parameters were wound width, number of neutrophils, macrophages, fibrocytes, fibroblasts, and collagen densities. The 36 male mice were divided into 12 groups including non-diabetic control (NC), diabetes alginate (DA), alginate–mangosteen (DAM), and diabetes control (DC) groups in three different groups by a histopathology test on skin tissue. The treatment was carried out for 14 days and mice were evaluated on Days 3, 7, and 14. The SEC-MALLS results showed that the molecular weight and dispersity index (Ð) of alginate were 2.77 × 10⁴ Dalton and 1.73, respectively. The M/G ratio of alginate was 0.77 and described as single-stage decomposition based on TGA. Alginate, mangosteen rind extract, and their combination were divided into weak, medium, and strong antioxidant, respectively. The treatment of the DA and DAM groups showed a decrease in wound width and an increase in the number of fibrocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages. The number of neutrophils decreased while the percentage of collagen densities increased for all the considered groups.