This study investigates copper(II) ion transport through a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) containing 1-alkyl-1,2,4-triazole (n = 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14), o-nitrophenyl octyl ether as the plasticizer and cellulose triacetate as the polymer matrix. The feeding phase was a solution of 0.1 mol/dm³CuCl₂ and an equimolar (0.1 mol/dm³) mixture of copper, nickel, and cobalt chlorides with varying concentrations of chloride anions (from 0.5 to 5.0 mol/dm³) established with NaCl. The receiving phase was demineralized water. The flow rate of the source and receiving phases through the membrane module was within the range from 0.5 cm³/min to 4.5 cm³/min. The tests were carried out at temperatures of 20, 30, 40 and 50 °C. Transport of NaCl through the membrane was excluded for the duration of the test. It was noted that the flow rate through the membrane changes depending on the length of the carbon chain in the alkyl substituent from 16.1 μmol/(m²s) to 1.59 μmol/(m²s) in the following order: C₈> C₉> C₁₀> C₁₁> C₁₂> C₁₄. The activation energy was 71.3 ± 3.0 kJ/mol, indicating ion transport through the PIM controlled with a chemical reaction. Results for transport in case of the concurrent separation of copper(II), nickel(II), and cobalt(II) indicate a possibility to separate them in a selective manner.

A method for the determination of cationic surfactants in soil samples was developed and applied to a biodegradation study. Five different cationic surfactants (benzalkonium chloride, 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, didecyldimethylammonium bromide, trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bromide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride) were selected for the study with the developed method upon extraction from soil samples with methanol. The samples were subjected to analysis as disulphine blue active substances using a visible spectrophotometer. The limits of detection for the proposed method ranged from 2 to 27 μg/g, which enabled the determination of cationic surfactants in soil samples. The results obtained in the biodegradation study were confirmed using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.