Membrane technology emerges as a transformative solution for global challenges, excelling in water treatment, gas purification, and waste recycling. This comprehensive review navigates the principles, advantages, challenges, and prospects of membrane technology, emphasizing its pivotal role in addressing contemporary environmental and sustainability issues. The goal is to contribute to environmental objectives by exploring the principles, mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of membrane technology. Noteworthy features include energy efficiency, selectivity, and minimal environmental footprint, distinguishing it from conventional methods. Advances in nanomembranes, organic porous membranes, and metal‐organic frameworks‐based membranes highlight their potential for energy‐efficient contaminant removal. The review underscores the integration of renewable energy sources for eco‐friendly desalination and separation processes. The future trajectory unfolds with next‐gen nanocomposite membranes, sustainable polymers, and optimized energy consumption through electrochemical and hybrid approaches. In healthcare, membrane technology reshapes gas exchange, hemodialysis, biosensors, wound healing, and drug delivery, while in chemical industries, it streamlines organic solvent separation. Challenges like fouling, material stability, and energy efficiency are acknowledged, with the integration of artificial intelligence recognized as a progressing frontier. Despite limitations, membrane technology holds promise for sustainability and revolutionizing diverse industries.

In the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions, hydrogen emerges as a promising candidate for decarbonization. The United States has the potential to sell wind energy at a record‐low price of 2.5 cents/kWh, making hydrogen production electricity up to four times cheaper than natural gas. Hydrogen's appeal stems from its highly exothermic reaction with oxygen, producing only water as a byproduct. With an energy content equivalent to 2.4 kg of methane or 2.8 kg of gasoline per kilogram, hydrogen boasts a superior energy‐to‐weight ratio compared to fossil fuels. However, its energy‐to‐volume ratio, exemplified by liquid hydrogen's 8.5 MJ.L⁻¹ versus gasoline's 32.6 MJ.L⁻¹, presents a challenge, requiring a larger volume for equivalent energy. In addition, this review employs life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate hydrogen's full life cycle, including production, storage, and utilization. Through an examination of LCA methodologies and principles, the review underscores its importance in measuring hydrogen's environmental sustainability and energy consumption. Key findings reveal diverse hydrogen production pathways, such as blue, green, and purple hydrogen, offering a nuanced understanding of their life cycle inventories. The impact assessment of hydrogen production is explored, supported by case studies illustrating environmental implications. Comparative LCA analysis across different pathways provides crucial insights for decision‐making, shaping environmental and sustainability considerations. Ultimately, the review emphasizes LCA's pivotal role in guiding the hydrogen economy toward a low‐carbon future, positioning hydrogen as a versatile energy carrier with significant potential.This article is categorized under: Emerging Technologies > Hydrogen and Fuel Cells