This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Seven treatment wetlands and a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were weekly monitored over the course of one year for removal of conventional wastewater parameters, selected micropollutants (caffeine, ibuprofen, naproxen, benzotriazole, diclofenac, acesulfame, and carbamazepine) and biological effects. The treatment wetland designs investigated include a horizontal subsurface flow (HF) wetland and a variety of wetlands with intensification (aeration, two-stages, or reciprocating flow). Complementary to the common approach of analyzing individual chemicals, in vitro bioassays can detect the toxicity of a mixture of known and unknown components given in a water sample. A panel of five in vitro cell-based reporter gene bioassays was selected to cover environmentally relevant endpoints (AhR: indicative of activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor; PPARγ: binding to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; ERα: activation of the estrogen receptor alpha; GR: activation of the glucocorticoid receptor; oxidative stress response). While carbamazepine was persistent in the intensified treatment wetlands, mean monthly mass removal of up to 51% was achieved in the HF wetland. The two-stage wetland system showed highest removal efficacy for all biological effects (91% to >99%). The removal efficacy for biological effects ranged from 56% to 77% for the HF wetland and 60% to 99% for the WWTP. Bioanalytical equivalent concentrations (BEQs) for AhR, PPARγ, and oxidative stress response were often below the recommended effect-based trigger (EBT) values for surface water, indicating the great benefit for using nature-based solutions for water treatment. Intensified treatment wetlands remove both individual micropollutants and mixture effects more efficiently than conventional (non-aerated) HF wetlands, and in some cases, the WWTP.
Nadine A. Sossalla; Jaime Nivala; Thorsten Reemtsma; Rita Schlichting; Maria König; Nicolas Forquet; Manfred van Afferden; Roland A. Müller; Beate I. Escher. Removal of micropollutants and biological effects by conventional and intensified constructed wetlands treating municipal wastewater. Water Research 2021, 201, 117349 .
AMA StyleNadine A. Sossalla, Jaime Nivala, Thorsten Reemtsma, Rita Schlichting, Maria König, Nicolas Forquet, Manfred van Afferden, Roland A. Müller, Beate I. Escher. Removal of micropollutants and biological effects by conventional and intensified constructed wetlands treating municipal wastewater. Water Research. 2021; 201 ():117349.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNadine A. Sossalla; Jaime Nivala; Thorsten Reemtsma; Rita Schlichting; Maria König; Nicolas Forquet; Manfred van Afferden; Roland A. Müller; Beate I. Escher. 2021. "Removal of micropollutants and biological effects by conventional and intensified constructed wetlands treating municipal wastewater." Water Research 201, no. : 117349.
The performance of an aerated horizontal subsurface flow treatment wetland was investigated before, during and after a simulated aeration failure. Conventional wastewater parameters (e.g., carbonaceous biological oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and Escherichia coli) as well as selected micropollutants (caffeine, ibuprofen, naproxen, benzotriazole, diclofenac, acesulfame, and carbamazepine) were investigated. Furthermore, the removal of biological effects was investigated using in vitro bioassays. The six bioassays selected covered environmentally relevant endpoints (indicative of activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor, AhR; binding to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, PPARγ; activation of estrogen receptor alpha, ERα; activation of glucocorticoid receptor, GR; oxidative stress response, AREc32; combined algae test, CAT). During the aeration interruption phase, the water quality deteriorated to a degree comparable to that of a conventional (non-aerated) horizontal subsurface flow wetland. After the end of the aeration interruption, the analytical and biological parameters investigated recovered at different time periods until their initial treatment performance. Treatment efficacy for conventional parameters was recovered within a few days, but no complete recovery of treatment efficacy could be observed for bioassays AhR, AREc32 and CAT in the 21 days following re-start of the aeration system. Furthermore, the removal efficacy along the flow path for most of the chemicals and bioassays recovered as it was observed in the baseline phase. Only for the activation of AhR and AREc32 there was a shift of the internal treatment profile from 12.5% to 25% (AhR) and 50% (AREc32) of the fractional length.
Nadine Sossalla; Jaime Nivala; Beate Escher; Thorsten Reemtsma; Rita Schlichting; Manfred Van Afferden; Roland Müller. Resilience of Micropollutant and Biological Effect Removal in an Aerated Horizontal Flow Treatment Wetland. Water 2020, 12, 3050 .
AMA StyleNadine Sossalla, Jaime Nivala, Beate Escher, Thorsten Reemtsma, Rita Schlichting, Manfred Van Afferden, Roland Müller. Resilience of Micropollutant and Biological Effect Removal in an Aerated Horizontal Flow Treatment Wetland. Water. 2020; 12 (11):3050.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNadine Sossalla; Jaime Nivala; Beate Escher; Thorsten Reemtsma; Rita Schlichting; Manfred Van Afferden; Roland Müller. 2020. "Resilience of Micropollutant and Biological Effect Removal in an Aerated Horizontal Flow Treatment Wetland." Water 12, no. 11: 3050.