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Dr. Francisco Díaz-González
Center for Technological Innovation in Static Converters and Drives, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Supercapacitors
0 Flywheels
0 Modelling and testing of batteries
0 Application of energy storage in electrical systems
0 Smart grids operation and planning

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Journal article
Published: 09 June 2021 in Applied Sciences
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The purpose of the paper is to introduce a new bi-directional approach to assess the gap between the customer needs and technology developers’ perception on the value propositions of innovations which includes storages. The paper used two methods; the first comprehensive sense and respond analysis investigated technology developers’ perceptions using the value propositions defined under the EU-funded H2020 RESOLVD project. The second method focused on customers and collected a survey which covered challenges, value propositions and preparedness to adopt new technology. The H2020 RESOLVD project has developed an intelligent low-voltage grid management system with storage. The results from the sense and respond analysis showed that most of the value propositions aligned with the responses from the broader survey which are needed within five years (e.g., improved power quality of grid, fault detection, reduced technical loss). However, the cybersecurity perception differed between developers and distribution system operators (DSOs). The customer survey highlighted that certain value propositions of technological solutions are needed more urgently than others, and therefore, technology developers should prioritize these in further developments. Regarding the use of flexibility to manage the LV grid, unclear regulations were expressed as a key barrier, thereby affecting business feasibility around battery storage.

ACS Style

Alemu Belay; Sanket Puranik; Francisco Díaz-González; Heidi Tuiskula. A Systemic Approach to Investigate the Gaps between Distribution System Operators Need and Technology Developers’ Perception—A Case Study of an Intelligent Low-Voltage Grid Management System with Storage. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 5348 .

AMA Style

Alemu Belay, Sanket Puranik, Francisco Díaz-González, Heidi Tuiskula. A Systemic Approach to Investigate the Gaps between Distribution System Operators Need and Technology Developers’ Perception—A Case Study of an Intelligent Low-Voltage Grid Management System with Storage. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (12):5348.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alemu Belay; Sanket Puranik; Francisco Díaz-González; Heidi Tuiskula. 2021. "A Systemic Approach to Investigate the Gaps between Distribution System Operators Need and Technology Developers’ Perception—A Case Study of an Intelligent Low-Voltage Grid Management System with Storage." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12: 5348.

Journal article
Published: 15 October 2020 in Applied Sciences
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This article presents a method based on a mathematical optimization model for the scheduling operation of a distribution network (DN). The contribution of the proposed method is that it permits the configuration and operation of a DN as a set of virtual microgrids with a high penetration level of distributed generation (DG) and battery energy storage systems (BESS). The topology of such virtual microgrids are modulated in time in response to grid failures, thus minimizing load curtailment, and maximizing local renewable resource and storage utilization as well. The formulation provides the load reduced by bus to balance the system at every hour and the global probability to present energy not supplied (ENS). Furthermore, for every bus, a flexibility load response range is considered to avoid its total load curtailment for small load reductions. The model has been constructed considering a linear version of the AC optimal power flow (OPF) constraints extended for multiple periods, and it has been tested in a modified version of the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system considering four different scenarios of 72 h, where the global energy curtailment has been 27.9% without demand-side response (DSR) and 10.4% considering a 30% of flexibility load response. Every scenario execution takes less than a minute, making it appropriate for distribution system operational planning.

ACS Style

Fernando García-Muñoz; Francisco Díaz-González; Cristina Corchero. A Mathematical Model for the Scheduling of Virtual Microgrids Topology into an Active Distribution Network. Applied Sciences 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Fernando García-Muñoz, Francisco Díaz-González, Cristina Corchero. A Mathematical Model for the Scheduling of Virtual Microgrids Topology into an Active Distribution Network. Applied Sciences. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando García-Muñoz; Francisco Díaz-González; Cristina Corchero. 2020. "A Mathematical Model for the Scheduling of Virtual Microgrids Topology into an Active Distribution Network." Applied Sciences , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 07 February 2020 in IEEE Access
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ACS Style

Francisco Diaz-Gonzalez; Daniel Heredero-Peris; Marc Pages-Gimenez; Eduardo Prieto-Araujo; Andreas Sumper. A Comparison of Power Conversion Systems for Modular Battery-Based Energy Storage Systems. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 29557 -29574.

AMA Style

Francisco Diaz-Gonzalez, Daniel Heredero-Peris, Marc Pages-Gimenez, Eduardo Prieto-Araujo, Andreas Sumper. A Comparison of Power Conversion Systems for Modular Battery-Based Energy Storage Systems. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 ():29557-29574.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco Diaz-Gonzalez; Daniel Heredero-Peris; Marc Pages-Gimenez; Eduardo Prieto-Araujo; Andreas Sumper. 2020. "A Comparison of Power Conversion Systems for Modular Battery-Based Energy Storage Systems." IEEE Access 8, no. : 29557-29574.

Conference paper
Published: 21 February 2019 in Communications in Computer and Information Science
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Due to the vast deployment from distributed to large-scale renewable generation, electrical power systems are being equipped more and more with tools improving the controllability of power flows and state monitoring and prospective. In this regard, future power networks are evolving into smart grids. One of the tools for the modernization and decarbonization of power networks is the field of Energy Storage Systems (ESSs). This paper proposes a classification for the many services the ESSs can provide in power systems dominated by renewable-based generation. Three categories of services are defined in terms of the power and energy ratings of the ESS and the main type of beneficiary in each case. For each service, the most suitable type of ESS is identified, exemplary projects are noted and key regulatory issues are highlighted.

ACS Style

Francisco Díaz-González; Eduard Bullich-Massagué; Cristina Vitale; Marina Gil-Sánchez; Mònica Aragüés-Peñalba; Francesc Girbau-Llistuella. Services of Energy Storage Technologies in Renewable-Based Power Systems. Communications in Computer and Information Science 2019, 53 -64.

AMA Style

Francisco Díaz-González, Eduard Bullich-Massagué, Cristina Vitale, Marina Gil-Sánchez, Mònica Aragüés-Peñalba, Francesc Girbau-Llistuella. Services of Energy Storage Technologies in Renewable-Based Power Systems. Communications in Computer and Information Science. 2019; ():53-64.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco Díaz-González; Eduard Bullich-Massagué; Cristina Vitale; Marina Gil-Sánchez; Mònica Aragüés-Peñalba; Francesc Girbau-Llistuella. 2019. "Services of Energy Storage Technologies in Renewable-Based Power Systems." Communications in Computer and Information Science , no. : 53-64.

Journal article
Published: 04 April 2018 in Energies
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This paper presents a novel architecture for rural distribution grids. This architecture is designed to modernize traditional rural networks into new Smart Grid ones. The architecture tackles innovation actions on both the power plane and the management plane of the system. In the power plane, the architecture focuses on exploiting the synergies between telecommunications and innovative technologies based on power electronics managing low scale electrical storage. In the management plane, a decentralized management system is proposed based on the addition of two new agents assisting the typical Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system of distribution system operators. Altogether, the proposed architecture enables operators to use more effectively—in an automated and decentralized way—weak rural distribution systems, increasing the capability to integrate new distributed energy resources. This architecture is being implemented in a real Pilot Network located in Spain, in the frame of the European Smart Rural Grid project. The paper also includes a study case showing one of the potentialities of one of the principal technologies developed in the project and underpinning the realization of the new architecture: the so-called Intelligent Distribution Power Router.

ACS Style

Francesc Girbau-Llistuella; Francisco Diaz-Gonzalez; Andreas Sumper; Ramon Gallart-Fernández; Daniel Heredero-Peris. Smart Grid Architecture for Rural Distribution Networks: Application to a Spanish Pilot Network. Energies 2018, 11, 844 .

AMA Style

Francesc Girbau-Llistuella, Francisco Diaz-Gonzalez, Andreas Sumper, Ramon Gallart-Fernández, Daniel Heredero-Peris. Smart Grid Architecture for Rural Distribution Networks: Application to a Spanish Pilot Network. Energies. 2018; 11 (4):844.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesc Girbau-Llistuella; Francisco Diaz-Gonzalez; Andreas Sumper; Ramon Gallart-Fernández; Daniel Heredero-Peris. 2018. "Smart Grid Architecture for Rural Distribution Networks: Application to a Spanish Pilot Network." Energies 11, no. 4: 844.

Article
Published: 21 December 2017 in Energies
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The paper proposes an innovative Energy Management System (EMS) that optimizes the grid operation based on economic and technical criteria. The EMS inputs the demand and renewable generation forecasts, electricity prices and the status of the distributed storages through the network, and solves with an optimal quarter-hourly dispatch for controllable resources. The performance of the EMS is quantified through diverse proposed metrics. The analyses were based on a real rural grid from the European FP7 project Smart Rural Grid. The performance of the EMS has been evaluated through some scenarios varying the penetration of distributed generation. The obtained results demonstrate that the inclusion of the EMS from both a technical point of view and an economic perspective for the adopted grid is justified. At the technical level, the inclusion of the EMS permits us to significantly increase the power quality in weak and radial networks. At the economic level and from a certain threshold value in renewables’ penetration, the EMS reduces the energy costs for the grid participants, minimizing imports from the external grid and compensating the toll to be paid in the form of the losses incurred by including additional equipment in the network (i.e., distributed storage).

ACS Style

Francesc Girbau-Llistuella; Francisco Díaz-González; Andreas Sumper. Optimization of the Operation of Smart Rural Grids through a Novel Energy Management System. Energies 2017, 11, 9 .

AMA Style

Francesc Girbau-Llistuella, Francisco Díaz-González, Andreas Sumper. Optimization of the Operation of Smart Rural Grids through a Novel Energy Management System. Energies. 2017; 11 (1):9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesc Girbau-Llistuella; Francisco Díaz-González; Andreas Sumper. 2017. "Optimization of the Operation of Smart Rural Grids through a Novel Energy Management System." Energies 11, no. 1: 9.

Conference paper
Published: 16 February 2017 in 2016 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)
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The intermittent and stochastic nature of renewable energy sources impose several challenges for the operation of electrical networks, and affect power quality levels as well. This paper addresses one of the issues associated to power quality in electrical networks: voltage flicker. The main contribution of the paper fall in the proposal of a methodology for addressing the location in the network and the sizing of an active filter for flicker filtering. The designed active filter is based on controllable and bidirectional power electronics. Also, it includes energy storage capability, so as to maximize flicker filtering effectiveness by performing both active and reactive power regulation.

ACS Style

Francisco Diaz-Gonzalez; Gerard Del-Rosario-Calaf; Francesc Girbau-Llistuella; Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt. Short-term energy storage for power quality improvement in weak MV grids with distributed renewable generation. 2016 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe) 2017, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Francisco Diaz-Gonzalez, Gerard Del-Rosario-Calaf, Francesc Girbau-Llistuella, Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt. Short-term energy storage for power quality improvement in weak MV grids with distributed renewable generation. 2016 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe). 2017; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco Diaz-Gonzalez; Gerard Del-Rosario-Calaf; Francesc Girbau-Llistuella; Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt. 2017. "Short-term energy storage for power quality improvement in weak MV grids with distributed renewable generation." 2016 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe) , no. : 1-6.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2015 in Energy
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The existence of HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission systems for remote offshore wind power plants allows devising novel wind plant concepts, which do not need to be synchronized with the main AC grid. This paper proposes an OWPP (offshore wind power plant) design based on variable speed wind turbines driven by DFIGs (doubly fed induction generators) with reduced power electronic converters connected to a single VSC-HVDC converter which operates at variable frequency and voltage within the collection grid. It is aimed to evaluate the influence of the power converter size and wind speed variability within the WPP on energy yield efficiency, as well as to develop a coordinated control between the VSC-HVDC converter and the individual back-to-back reduced power converters of each DFIG-based wind turbine in order to provide control capability for the wind power plant at a reduced cost. To maximise wind power generation by the OWPP, an optimum electrical frequency search algorithm for the VSC-HVDC converter is proposed. Both central wind power plant control level and local wind turbine control level are presented and the performance of the system is validated by means of simulations using MA'FLAB/Simulink (R). (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Postprint (author’s final draft

ACS Style

Mikel De Prada; Francisco Díaz-González; Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt; Andreas Sumper. DFIG-based offshore wind power plant connected to a single VSC-HVDC operated at variable frequency: Energy yield assessment. Energy 2015, 86, 311 -322.

AMA Style

Mikel De Prada, Francisco Díaz-González, Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt, Andreas Sumper. DFIG-based offshore wind power plant connected to a single VSC-HVDC operated at variable frequency: Energy yield assessment. Energy. 2015; 86 ():311-322.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mikel De Prada; Francisco Díaz-González; Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt; Andreas Sumper. 2015. "DFIG-based offshore wind power plant connected to a single VSC-HVDC operated at variable frequency: Energy yield assessment." Energy 86, no. : 311-322.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2015 in International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
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This work assesses the participation of wind power plants in primary frequency control support. To participate in frequency control-related tasks, the wind power plants have to maintain a certain level of power reserves. In this article, the wind power plant is equipped with a flywheel-based storage system to fulfil the power reserve requirements set by the network operator. The article focuses on two main aspects: the definition of the control strategy to derate the wind turbines to provide a part of the required power reserves; and the coordinated regulation of the power reserves of the wind turbines and the flywheels while participating in primary frequency control. This coordinated regulation enables the wind power plant to maintain the net level of power reserves set by the network operator while alleviating the need of deloading the wind turbines. The performance of the proposed control schemes are shown by simulation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Preprin

ACS Style

Francisco Díaz-González; Melanie Hau; Andreas Sumper; Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt. Coordinated operation of wind turbines and flywheel storage for primary frequency control support. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2015, 68, 313 -326.

AMA Style

Francisco Díaz-González, Melanie Hau, Andreas Sumper, Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt. Coordinated operation of wind turbines and flywheel storage for primary frequency control support. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2015; 68 ():313-326.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco Díaz-González; Melanie Hau; Andreas Sumper; Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt. 2015. "Coordinated operation of wind turbines and flywheel storage for primary frequency control support." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 68, no. : 313-326.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2015 in Renewable Energy
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Offshore wind power plants (OWPPs) tend to be larger in size and distant from shore. It is widely accepted that for long distances HVDC links are preferred over HVAC transmission. Accordingly, one possible approach might be to consider not only a DC transmission system but also for the WPP collection grid. In this paper, a technical and economic comparison analysis of the conventional AC OWPP scheme and four proposed DC OWPPs topologies is addressed. Due to the conceptual novelty of DC technologies for OWPPs, uncertainty on electrical parameters and cost functions is relevant. A sensitivity analysis of the cost and efficiency of the components, OWPP rated power, export cable lengths and some economic data is carried out. For this study, a methodology is proposed and implemented in DIgSILENT Power Factory. To compare conventional AC offshore collector grid and the various proposed DC configurations, an OWPP based on Horn's Rev wind farm is selected as base case. The analysis of the results shows that, in general terms, DC OWPPs present capital costs comparable with conventional AC OWPPs, as well as lower energy losses, concluding that DC collector grid could be of interest for future OWPP installations. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

ACS Style

Mikel De Prada Gil; José Luis Domínguez-García; F. Díaz-González; Mònica Aragüés-Peñalba; Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt. Feasibility analysis of offshore wind power plants with DC collection grid. Renewable Energy 2015, 78, 467 -477.

AMA Style

Mikel De Prada Gil, José Luis Domínguez-García, F. Díaz-González, Mònica Aragüés-Peñalba, Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt. Feasibility analysis of offshore wind power plants with DC collection grid. Renewable Energy. 2015; 78 ():467-477.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mikel De Prada Gil; José Luis Domínguez-García; F. Díaz-González; Mònica Aragüés-Peñalba; Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt. 2015. "Feasibility analysis of offshore wind power plants with DC collection grid." Renewable Energy 78, no. : 467-477.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Applied Energy
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This paper proposes a methodology for the economic optimisation of the sizing of Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) whilst enhancing the participation of Wind Power Plants (WPP) in network primary frequency control support. The methodology was designed flexibly, so it can be applied to different energy markets and to include different ESS technologies. The methodology includes the formulation and solving of a Linear Programming (LP) problem.; The methodology was applied to the particular case of a 50 MW WPP, equipped with a Vanadium Redox Flow battery (VRB) in the UK energy market. Analysis is performed considering real data on the UK regular energy market and the UK frequency response market. Data for wind power generation and energy storage costs are estimated from literature.; Results suggest that, under certain assumptions, ESSs can be profitable for the operator of a WPP that is providing frequency response. The ESS provides power reserves such that the WPP can generate close to the maximum energy available. The solution of the optimisation problem establishes that an ESS with a power rating of 5.3 MW and energy capacity of about 3 MW h would be enough to provide such service whilst maximising the incomes for the WPP operator considering the regular and frequency regulation UK markets. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Postprint (published version

ACS Style

Lewis Johnston; Francisco Díaz-González; Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt; Cristina Corchero; Miguel Cruz-Zambrano. Methodology for the economic optimisation of energy storage systems for frequency support in wind power plants. Applied Energy 2015, 137, 660 -669.

AMA Style

Lewis Johnston, Francisco Díaz-González, Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt, Cristina Corchero, Miguel Cruz-Zambrano. Methodology for the economic optimisation of energy storage systems for frequency support in wind power plants. Applied Energy. 2015; 137 ():660-669.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lewis Johnston; Francisco Díaz-González; Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt; Cristina Corchero; Miguel Cruz-Zambrano. 2015. "Methodology for the economic optimisation of energy storage systems for frequency support in wind power plants." Applied Energy 137, no. : 660-669.

Review
Published: 01 June 2014 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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Active power reserves are needed for the proper operation of an electrical system. These reserves are continuously regulated in order to match the generation and consumption in the system and thus, to maintain a constant electrical frequency. They are usually provided by synchronized conventional generating units such as hydraulic or thermal power plants. With the progressive displacement of these generating plants by non-synchronized renewable-based power plants (e.g. wind and solar) the net level of synchronous power reserves in the system becomes reduced. Therefore, wind power plants are required, according to some European Grid Codes, to also provide power reserves like conventional generating units do. This paper focuses not only on the review of the requirements set by Grid Codes, but also on control methods of wind turbines for their participation in primary frequency control and synthetic inertia

ACS Style

Francisco Díaz-González; Melanie Hau; Andreas Sumper; Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt. Participation of wind power plants in system frequency control: Review of grid code requirements and control methods. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2014, 34, 551 -564.

AMA Style

Francisco Díaz-González, Melanie Hau, Andreas Sumper, Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt. Participation of wind power plants in system frequency control: Review of grid code requirements and control methods. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2014; 34 ():551-564.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco Díaz-González; Melanie Hau; Andreas Sumper; Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt. 2014. "Participation of wind power plants in system frequency control: Review of grid code requirements and control methods." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 34, no. : 551-564.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2014 in International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
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ACS Style

Francesc Girbau-Llistuella; Andreas Sumper; Francisco Díaz-González; Samuel Galceran-Arellano. Flicker mitigation by reactive power control in wind farm with doubly fed induction generators. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2014, 55, 285 -296.

AMA Style

Francesc Girbau-Llistuella, Andreas Sumper, Francisco Díaz-González, Samuel Galceran-Arellano. Flicker mitigation by reactive power control in wind farm with doubly fed induction generators. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2014; 55 ():285-296.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesc Girbau-Llistuella; Andreas Sumper; Francisco Díaz-González; Samuel Galceran-Arellano. 2014. "Flicker mitigation by reactive power control in wind farm with doubly fed induction generators." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 55, no. : 285-296.

Journal article
Published: 16 December 2013 in IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion
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This paper deals with the design and the experimental validation in scale-lab test benches of an energy management algorithm based on feedback control techniques for a flywheel energy storage device. The aim of the flywheel is to smooth the net power injected to the grid by a wind turbine or by a wind power plant. In particular, the objective is to compensate the power disturbances produced by the cycling torque disturbances of the wind turbines due to the airflow deviation through its tower section. This paper describes the control design, its tuning, as well as the description of the experimental setup, and the methods for the experimental validation of the proposed concepts. Results show that the fast wind power fluctuations can be mostly compensated through the flywheel support.

ACS Style

Francisco Diaz-Gonzalez; Fernando D. Bianchi; Andreas Sumper; Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt. Control of a Flywheel Energy Storage System for Power Smoothing in Wind Power Plants. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2013, 29, 204 -214.

AMA Style

Francisco Diaz-Gonzalez, Fernando D. Bianchi, Andreas Sumper, Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt. Control of a Flywheel Energy Storage System for Power Smoothing in Wind Power Plants. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 2013; 29 (1):204-214.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco Diaz-Gonzalez; Fernando D. Bianchi; Andreas Sumper; Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt. 2013. "Control of a Flywheel Energy Storage System for Power Smoothing in Wind Power Plants." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 29, no. 1: 204-214.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2013 in EPE Journal
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ACS Style

Francisco Díaz-González; Andreas Sumper; Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt; Roberto Villafafila-Robles. Modeling, Control and Experimental Validation of a Flywheel-Based Energy Storage Device. EPE Journal 2013, 23, 41 -51.

AMA Style

Francisco Díaz-González, Andreas Sumper, Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt, Roberto Villafafila-Robles. Modeling, Control and Experimental Validation of a Flywheel-Based Energy Storage Device. EPE Journal. 2013; 23 (2):41-51.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco Díaz-González; Andreas Sumper; Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt; Roberto Villafafila-Robles. 2013. "Modeling, Control and Experimental Validation of a Flywheel-Based Energy Storage Device." EPE Journal 23, no. 2: 41-51.

Journal article
Published: 11 May 2013 in Applied Energy
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Power fluctuations of wind generators may affect power quality especially in weak or isolated grids. This paper proposes an energy management strategy for a flywheel-based energy storage device. The aim of the flywheel is to smooth the net power flow injected to the grid by a variable speed wind turbine. The design of the energy management strategy is conducted through several phases. First, a definition and determination of the optimal operation of the storage device is carried out through the formulation and deterministic solution of an optimization problem in GAMS. Based on this solution, an online energy management algorithm is proposed to achieve a close to optimal operation of the flywheel. This algorithm determines the set points of the torque control of the flywheel electrical machine. The proposed methodology is illustrated by simulations.

ACS Style

Francisco Díaz-González; Andreas Sumper; Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt; Fernando D. Bianchi. Energy management of flywheel-based energy storage device for wind power smoothing. Applied Energy 2013, 110, 207 -219.

AMA Style

Francisco Díaz-González, Andreas Sumper, Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt, Fernando D. Bianchi. Energy management of flywheel-based energy storage device for wind power smoothing. Applied Energy. 2013; 110 ():207-219.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco Díaz-González; Andreas Sumper; Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt; Fernando D. Bianchi. 2013. "Energy management of flywheel-based energy storage device for wind power smoothing." Applied Energy 110, no. : 207-219.

Conference paper
Published: 01 October 2012 in 2012 3rd IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe)
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This work deals with the modeling, control and experimental validation of a flywheel test bench which is part of IREC's lab-scale microgrid. The storage device has been designed as a proof of concept. It is based on a low-speed rotating disk mechanically coupled to a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine. The electrical power is exchanged with the external grid by means of a set of back-to-back power converters. These power electronics control the speed of the machine, and thus the active power absorbed or injected by the device, and also regulate the reactive power at the point of common coupling with the external grid. Vector control techniques are used for designing the converter controllers: a field oriented vector control algorithm is implemented for governing the servomotor while the instantaneous power theory-based algorithm is used to manage the active and reactive currents flowing from the grid side converter. The control implementation in the experimental setup has been carried out by means of programming Digital Signal Processors (DSP's). The modeling and control system design has been validated after executing several experiments.

ACS Style

Francisco Diaz-Gonzalez; Andreas Sumper; Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt; Roberto Villafafila-Robles. Modeling and validation of a flywheel energy storage lab-setup. 2012 3rd IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe) 2012, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Francisco Diaz-Gonzalez, Andreas Sumper, Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt, Roberto Villafafila-Robles. Modeling and validation of a flywheel energy storage lab-setup. 2012 3rd IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe). 2012; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco Diaz-Gonzalez; Andreas Sumper; Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt; Roberto Villafafila-Robles. 2012. "Modeling and validation of a flywheel energy storage lab-setup." 2012 3rd IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe) , no. : 1-6.

Review article
Published: 31 May 2012 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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Due to the stochastic nature of wind, electric power generated by wind turbines is highly erratic and may affect both the power quality and the planning of power systems. Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) may play an important role in wind power applications by controlling wind power plant output and providing ancillary services to the power system and therefore, enabling an increased penetration of wind power in the system. This article deals with the review of several energy storage technologies for wind power applications. The main objectives of the article are the introduction of the operating principles, as well as the presentation of the main characteristics of energy storage technologies suitable for stationary applications, and the definition and discussion of potential ESS applications in wind power, according to an extensive literature review.

ACS Style

Francisco Díaz-González; Andreas Sumper; Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt; Roberto Villafafila-Robles. A review of energy storage technologies for wind power applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2012, 16, 2154 -2171.

AMA Style

Francisco Díaz-González, Andreas Sumper, Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt, Roberto Villafafila-Robles. A review of energy storage technologies for wind power applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2012; 16 (4):2154-2171.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco Díaz-González; Andreas Sumper; Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt; Roberto Villafafila-Robles. 2012. "A review of energy storage technologies for wind power applications." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16, no. 4: 2154-2171.