Diabetic foot problems pose a substantial global health challenge as a major complication of diabetes mellitus. These issues encompass a spectrum of conditions affecting the feet of individuals with diabetes, including neuropathy (nerve damage), peripheral artery disease (impaired blood circulation), foot ulcers, infections, and, in critical situations, amputation. To mitigate the burden of lower extremity amputations, the development of innovative wound dressings and drug delivery systems is crucial. One such advancement is the “lyophilized wafer formulation,” a recently developed medicated dressing material known for its rapid healing properties and high exudate absorption capacity in chronic wounds. Following successful completion of assessment tests for lymphatic fluid retention, viscosity, in vitro drug release, FTIR, DSC, and XRD, the exudate absorption capacity of calcium alginate was evaluated in the current study. Notably, the wafer formulation composed of 2% calcium alginate, 1% gelatin (bloom 150), and water as the solvent demonstrated excellent performance across exudate management properties, as well as in FTIR, DSC, XRD, and in vitro drug release assays using a dialysis membrane. This optimal formulation achieved a significant drug release of 96.9 ± 0.1% after 24 h. The Linezolid-loaded calcium alginate wafer formulation exhibited promising outcomes concerning antimicrobial properties, exudate handling, and drug release. Furthermore, the animal study indicated the absence of adverse effects, underscoring the formulation’s potential as a safe and effective treatment for diabetic foot ulcers without inducing skin irritation. To fully realize its therapeutic value, comprehensive investigations into its stability profile and detailed pharmacological effects are strongly recommended.

Plant extracts have been shown to be effective in treating a variety of ailments; however their hydrophilic nature and unique chemical structure have caused significant hurdles due to their low bioavailability. Phytosomes technology is used to improve the absorption of phytoconstituents that are difficult to absorb. Among the leading deaths in the society is malignancy. The aforementioned consumes remained a big issue for modern chemotherapy since it has yet to be treated in an efficient manner. The goal of this study is to outline the most recent research on the potential use of phytosome complexes for cancer therapy, as well as the formulation processes and mechanism of transportation through phytosomes.Nanotechnology has paved the way for cancer therapy by altering key features of medications and their carriers. Novel drug delivery systems are used to transfer antitumor drugs to the particular site via different nanostructures. Among several unique drug delivery systems, phytosomes are a creative way to transfer phytoactive compounds to the site of action, and several phytosomes formulations are now being used in clinical settings. Phytoconstituents' anti-cancer activities are increased by phytosomal formulations.

The goal of the present research work was to develop and characterize a transdermal matrix patch of Lercanidipine hydrochloride (L.H.) for controlled drug delivery using the solvent evaporation method. To achieve controlled drug release, polymers such as Psyllium and HPMC K15M were optimized. Moreover, the skin permeation effect of essential oils such as linseed oil, jojoba oil, and pumpkin seed oil was investigated on Wistar rat skin. A 32 full factorial design was applied to optimize two formulation variables: concentration of essential oil as a permeation enhancer and polymer fixed-weight ratio. To study drug-excipients incompatibility, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) had employed, which showed the absence of chemical interaction. All formulations were evaluated for Physico-chemical parameters, ex-vivo drug release study, an in-vivo skin-irritation study on Wistar rats, and stability study. Developed matrix patch showed optimum Physico-chemical properties with the absence of skin irritation. An Ex-vivo drug release study revealed that both formulation variables show an effect on drug release from matrix patches. The effectiveness of the oils as the permeation enhancer was found to be in the following descending order: Pumpkin seed oil > Linseed oil > Jojoba oil. Therefore, pumpkin seed oil was selected as a permeation enhancer in the final Formulation that shows the highest flux (164.09±1.49 µg/cm2/h) and desired drug release for transdermal administration. Stability study shows that the patch was stable up to 6 months at 40±2 ˚C and 75±5 % R.H. and 30±2 ˚C and 65±5 % R.H. The present investigation demonstrates that the prepared matrix patch can deliver therapeutically effective controlled release dose of lercanidipine hydrochloride (L.H.) via transdermal route using pumpkin seed oil as the permeation enhancer.

Diabetic foot difficulties are the most usually occurring problems globally, resulting in economic disasters for the patients, families, and society. In patients with diabetes, the risk of emerging foot ulcers is 25% high. It has also been in the record that one lower limb amputation occurs every 30 seconds in patients with diabetes worldwide. Novel methods of drug delivery and wound dressing have to develop to solve the lower limb amputation crisis. One such novel method is "Lyophilized wafer formulation." It is an upcoming medicated dressing material that can enhance wound healing and the potential to ingest vast quantities of exudates from Chronic wounds. That can have been formulating by lyophilizing hydrogel of absorbent polymers such as Calcium Alginate, Carrageenan, Thiolated Chitosan, and plasticizer to enhance flexibility withstand the day to day mechanical stress, covered with some adhesive and protective backing layer. Unless it passes evaluation tests such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Exudate handling property, Folding endurance, In-vitro, In-vivo drug release profile, and Gamma-irradiation sterilizes wafer formulation, and it should not administrate directly. Lyophilized wafer formulation will be the most acceptable medicated dressing material in the future that will be useful to treat the normal wound. The wound formation because of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) infections as there will be site-specific delivery of the drug, packed with an advantage to self administer and easy termination of the drug that can achieve just by removing the wafer case of drug toxicity.