Dogs, the most common companion animal of humans, perform not only the auxiliary of an individual, but also contribute to the nations’ crime and defence departments. Knowing the determinant-based disease status of dogs is imperative to keep them healthy by subsequent prevention and control of those diseases; however, such baseline epidemiological information is limited. Therefore, a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the proportional incidence of dog diseases to explore their magnitudes, and we compared them to different levels of intrinsic (age, gender, breed) and extrinsic determinants (season). Purposively, data of a total of 1,557 cases of different diseases were collected from the record book of the Central Veterinary Hospital (CVH), Dhaka, Bangladesh. The proportional incidence was calculated as the proportion of cases of a specific disease among total number of cases of all types of diseases attended the hospital during the study period. Diseases of dog were categorized into infectious, non-infectious, and non-specific. Results showed that the highest proportional incidence was noted in infectious diseases (53.8%) followed by non-infectious diseases (23.4%) and the lowest in non-specific (22.7%) cases. Among them, disease-specific proportional incidence was remarkable in case of mange (9.5%), parvovirosis (8.7%), lacerated wound (8.5%), ectoparasitism (8.3%), helminthiasis (7.8%), and fracture (5.7%). The occurrence of mange varied significantly (p < 0.05) among all studied determinants (age, gender, breed, and season); while significant discrepancies (p < 0.05) in magnitudes of lacerated wound, dystocia, abortion, and gastroenteritis were observed among various groups of age, gender, and breed. Accordingly, dermatitis and orchitis had significant differences (p < 0.05) in proportional incidence amid various levels of age, gender, and season; whilst the burden of parvovirosis and alopecia differed significantly (p < 0.05) amongst different categories of age, breed, and season. The magnitude of otorrhoea showed a significant (p < 0.05) variation among different groups of gender, breed, and season. The proportional incidence of other diseases also varied significantly (p < 0.05) amongst either one or two studied determinants. This study provides a valuable insight about important diseases in dogs, which may serve as useful baseline information for disease prioritization and subsequent planning of effective control and prevention measures against those diseases.

Newcastle disease (ND) is a real threat for commercial layer chicken farms in Bangladesh. However, only few studies have focused on exploring the epidemiology of this disease. A case-control study was conducted to identify determinants of Newcastle disease in commercial layer chicken farms in Kishoreganj and Gazipur district of Bangladesh between September 2019 and February 2020. Farms with birds diagnosed as ND positive based on clinical history, clinical signs and postmortem findings were considered as case and farms that did not have such ND positive chickens were the control for this study. Farmers of 56 case farms and 56 control farms were interviewed face to face using a structured questionnaire. The association between Farms’ ND status and determinants was assessed by multivariable logistic regression with backward elimination. In the final model, six variables were found to be associated with the risk for ND outbreak: age of the farmers (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.94; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.87–0.99), distance from the nearest poultry farms (OR = 3.23, 95% CI 1.27–8.39), number of houses in the farms (OR = 3.06, 95% CI 1.06–8.83), surrounding environments (OR = 5.27, 95% CI 1.96–14.20), rearing different aged bird together (OR = 4.76, 95% CI 1.25–18.19), and no isolation of sick birds (OR = 2.85, 95% CI 1.07–7.55). Alteration of these determinants should reduce the ND burden in commercial layer chicken farms.

Biosecurity measures are the main defense against infectious disease spread in swine farms. Farmers often acknowledge the need for enhanced biosecurity, but a gap remains between claiming measures and practicing them on the farm. This study looks at barriers to implementing biosecurity, key control points, and successes in Midwest U.S. swine operations. Semi‐structured interviews were held with industry experts knowledgeable about swine farms and responsible for biosecurity compliance. The interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative text mining methods like word frequency, n‐gram analysis, topic modeling (latent Dirichlet allocation [LDA]), and thematic analysis. Seven major themes that converged with the results of content analysis emerged, which demonstrated major barriers, potential critical control points, and success stories in biosecurity compliance. Biosecurity practices differed significantly between operation types, with stricter practices in sow and boar studs compared to grow‐finish farm operations. Human behavior was identified as both the primary vulnerability and the greatest opportunity for improvement. Compliance was influenced by communication strategies, training, and employee workload levels. Limitations on barn infrastructure design, financial constraints, and risk perception were identified as further challenges to biosecurity implementation. Critical control points, such as transportation (trucks and trailers), equipment sharing, manure handling, and interactions with packing plants and cull markets, appear to be high‐risk nodes for disease transmission. Despite these challenges, success stories such as long‐term PRRS prevention through air filtration, strategic application of basic biosecurity measures, and the use of dedicated biosecurity managers have proven successful in reducing disease risks. Implementing biosecurity in swine farms is a complex system‐level challenge influenced by farm design, human, economic, and external interface factors. Thus, progress requires a comprehensive approach that combines infrastructure upgrades, risk‐based decision making, tailored training, and ongoing communication among stakeholders. This study identifies vulnerabilities and proven successes and offers practical insights to inform a more resilient biosecurity system.