Salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, methyl salicylate, and methyl jasmonate are important phytohormones and defensive signaling compounds, so it is of great importance to determine their levels rapidly and accurately. The study usesUlmus pumilaleaves infected byTetraneura akinire Sasakiat different stages as materials; after extraction with 80% methanol and ethyl acetate and purification with primary secondary amine (PSA) and graphitized carbon blacks (GCB), the contents of signal compounds salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, methyl salicylate, and methyl jasmonate were determined by GC-MS. The results showed that the level of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, methyl salicylate, and methyl jasmonate increased remarkably inU. pumilaonce infected byT. akinire Sasaki, but the maximums of these four compounds occurred at different times. Salicylic acid level reached the highest at the early stage, and jasmonic acid level went to the maximum in the middle stage; by contrast, change of content of methyl salicylate and methyl jasmonate was the quite opposite.

Objectively evaluating the spatio-temporal changes in regional eco-environmental quality is an important basis for ecological environmental protection and sustainable development. This paper presents a first attempt to develop a prototype framework that can assess eco-environmental quality from the aspect of landscape structure and ecosystem function. We constructed a general index with which to describe and compare the eco-environmental quality status of two important river basins around Beijing over the past 30 years. The assessment of this study confirmed that the eco-environmental quality in the Daqing River Fuping basin and the Luanhe River Shandianhe basin has changed significantly, with obvious spatial disparity and temporal differences. There were different factors influencing the ecoenvironmental quality in the two regions, but the changes in forest land and grassland area and their associated service functions, as a result of human activities, were the main influencing factors in both basins. The developed framework reflected the spatio-temporal changes in regional eco-environmental quality of the two basins from 1985 to 2015. The evaluation of the framework can provide a reference for the ecological planning of the areas around Beijing. Specifically, this framework can be replicated on different spatial and temporal scales and can represent a new approach for the evaluation of eco-environmental quality in other regions.