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Changshun Zhang
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A11 DaTun Road, ChaoYang District, Beijing 100101, China

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Journal article
Published: 10 August 2021 in Agriculture
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Cotton seed production is the main form of agriculture in Xinjiang, China. Unreasonable distribution of cotton seed production results in a waste of water, land, and human resources. In this study, we established a hierarchical classification integrating method; investigated the spatial suitability of climate, land and water resources, and infrastructure; examined the production risk and planting history; and integrated spatial suitability and production risk and history to produce the spatial layout of seed production for early-maturing cotton (EMC), early–medium-maturing cotton (EMMC), and long staple cotton (LSC) in Xinjiang. The results indicated that the appropriate areas for EMC, EMMC, and LSC seed production are 6.4 × 105, 5.5 × 105, and 3.6 × 105 ha, respectively. By combining the suitable areas of seed production for the three cotton species, we concluded that the superior and most suitable area for producing cotton seed of EMC, EMMC, or LSC is located in the western Tarim Basin. The sub-suitable area for cotton seed production of EMC, EMMC, or LSC is mostly distributed in the western and northern Tarim Basin. This research provides a good solution to the selection of cotton seed production base; however, adoption will depend on the actual preference and market factors.

ACS Style

Yingnan Niu; Gaodi Xie; Yu Xiao; Keyu Qin; Jingya Liu; Yangyang Wang; Shuang Gan; Mengdong Huang; Jia Liu; Caixia Zhang; Changshun Zhang. Spatial Layout of Cotton Seed Production Based on Hierarchical Classification: A Case Study in Xinjiang, China. Agriculture 2021, 11, 759 .

AMA Style

Yingnan Niu, Gaodi Xie, Yu Xiao, Keyu Qin, Jingya Liu, Yangyang Wang, Shuang Gan, Mengdong Huang, Jia Liu, Caixia Zhang, Changshun Zhang. Spatial Layout of Cotton Seed Production Based on Hierarchical Classification: A Case Study in Xinjiang, China. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (8):759.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yingnan Niu; Gaodi Xie; Yu Xiao; Keyu Qin; Jingya Liu; Yangyang Wang; Shuang Gan; Mengdong Huang; Jia Liu; Caixia Zhang; Changshun Zhang. 2021. "Spatial Layout of Cotton Seed Production Based on Hierarchical Classification: A Case Study in Xinjiang, China." Agriculture 11, no. 8: 759.

Original paper
Published: 11 April 2018 in Journal of Forestry Research
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Leaf nitrogen resorption is very important to Phyllostachys edulis development because the withdrawn nitrogen can help newly emerging and growing culms. However, few studies have focused on the ontogenetic changes in leaf nitrogen resorption of P. edulis. Here, we examined the variability in mature leaf nitrogen concentrations (Nm), nitrogen resorption efficiency (NRE) and proficiency (NRP or Ns) and leaf-level nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of the current-, 3rd- and 5th-year culms in P. edulis stands under extensive management. Analyses of variance and correlation indicated that patterns of Nm, NRP, NRE and NUE were markedly affected by culm age and leaf nitrogen status. Nm, Ns and NRE were significant higher in younger (current-year) culms with 1-year lifespan leaves, while NUE was markedly higher in older (3rd- or 5th-year) culms with 2-year lifespan leaves. Significant linear correlations between Nm and NRP, NRE and NUE, Nm and NUE, Ns and NRE were found for each culm age, and Nm was significantly positively correlated to NRE for all culms pooled. Higher proficiency in older culms led to higher NUE and lower NRE, these relationships can be modulated by Nm, which in turn, is restrained by leaf N availability and acquisition. Our results revealed that at the intraspecific level, P. edulis can adjust its leaf NRE, NRP, and leaf-level NUE in concert with culm development. Understanding nitrogen resorption characteristics and NUE of P. edulis can help decision-makers design appropriate deforestation strategies and achieve precise N fertilization for sustainable bamboo forest management.

ACS Style

Changshun Zhang; Chunlan Liu; Wenyuan Zhang; Gaodi Xie; Shaohui Fan; Na Li. Changes in foliar nitrogen resorption of Phyllostachys edulis with culm development. Journal of Forestry Research 2018, 30, 417 -427.

AMA Style

Changshun Zhang, Chunlan Liu, Wenyuan Zhang, Gaodi Xie, Shaohui Fan, Na Li. Changes in foliar nitrogen resorption of Phyllostachys edulis with culm development. Journal of Forestry Research. 2018; 30 (2):417-427.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Changshun Zhang; Chunlan Liu; Wenyuan Zhang; Gaodi Xie; Shaohui Fan; Na Li. 2018. "Changes in foliar nitrogen resorption of Phyllostachys edulis with culm development." Journal of Forestry Research 30, no. 2: 417-427.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in Forests
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We investigated community structure and tree species diversity of six subtropical mountain forests in relation to 11 topographical and edaphic factors in Lower Lancang River Basin, Yunnan Province, China, based on a census of all trees with diameter at breast height ≥5 cm in 45 0.06-ha plots. The forests were as follows: a river valley monsoon forest, semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest, monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, mid-mountain humid evergreen broad-leaved forest, summit mossy dwarf forest, and warm needle-leaved forest. Owing to the variation in microenvironment, forest structure (tree density, mean height, mean diameter at breast height, mean basal area at breast height) and tree diversity indices (the number of species, Margalef richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity, Simpson’s index, and Pielou’s evenness) differed significantly among forest types but did not differ among sites. We recorded a total of 5155 canopy trees belonging to 204 tree species, 104 genera, and 50 families at three sites, and the co-occurrence of tree species between adjacent communities was higher. A clear forest community distribution along an altitudinal gradient suggested that elevation was important in tree species distribution. Ordination identified elevation, slope degree, slope position, soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, and available nitrogen as significant explanatory variables of tree species distribution and showed that elevation was more important than the rest of the environmental variables in affecting local woody plant distribution. Understanding relationships between tree species distribution and environmental factors in subtropical mountain forests of the Lower Lancang River Basin would enable us to apply these findings to forest management and vegetation restoration.

ACS Style

Changshun Zhang; Xiaoying Li; Long Chen; Gaodi Xie; Chunlan Liu; Sha Pei. Effects of Topographical and Edaphic Factors on Tree Community Structure and Diversity of Subtropical Mountain Forests in the Lower Lancang River Basin. Forests 2016, 7, 222 .

AMA Style

Changshun Zhang, Xiaoying Li, Long Chen, Gaodi Xie, Chunlan Liu, Sha Pei. Effects of Topographical and Edaphic Factors on Tree Community Structure and Diversity of Subtropical Mountain Forests in the Lower Lancang River Basin. Forests. 2016; 7 (12):222.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Changshun Zhang; Xiaoying Li; Long Chen; Gaodi Xie; Chunlan Liu; Sha Pei. 2016. "Effects of Topographical and Edaphic Factors on Tree Community Structure and Diversity of Subtropical Mountain Forests in the Lower Lancang River Basin." Forests 7, no. 12: 222.

Journal article
Published: 25 January 2016 in Sustainability
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Vegetation plays a very important role of carbon (C) sinks in the global C cycle. With its complex terrain and diverse vegetation types, the Lancang River Basin (LRB) of southwest China has huge C storage capacity. Therefore, understanding the spatial variations and controlling mechanisms of vegetation C storage is important to understand the regional C cycle. In this study, data from a forest inventory and field plots were used to estimate and map vegetation C storage distribution in the LRB, to qualify the quantitative relationships between vegetation C density and altitude at sublot and township scale, and a linear model or polynomial model was used to identify the relationship between C density and altitude at two spatial scales and two statistical scales. The results showed that a total of 300.32 Tg C was stored in the LRB, an important C sink in China. The majority of C storage was contributed by forests, notably oaks. The vegetation C storage exhibited nonlinear variation with latitudinal gradients. Altitude had tremendous influences on spatial patterns of vegetation C storage of three geomorphological types in the LRB. C storage decreased with increasing altitude at both town and sublot scales in the flat river valley (FRV) region and the mid-low mountains gorge (MMG) region, and first increased then decreased in the alpine gorge (AG) region. This revealed that, in southwest China, altitude changes the latitudinal patterns of vegetation C storage; especially in the AG area, C density in the mid-altitude (3100 m) area was higher than that of adjacent areas.

ACS Style

Long Chen; Changshun Zhang; Gaodi Xie; Chunlan Liu; Haihua Wang; Zheng Li; Sha Pei; Qing Qiao. Vegetation Carbon Storage, Spatial Patterns and Response to Altitude in Lancang River Basin, Southwest China. Sustainability 2016, 8, 110 .

AMA Style

Long Chen, Changshun Zhang, Gaodi Xie, Chunlan Liu, Haihua Wang, Zheng Li, Sha Pei, Qing Qiao. Vegetation Carbon Storage, Spatial Patterns and Response to Altitude in Lancang River Basin, Southwest China. Sustainability. 2016; 8 (2):110.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Long Chen; Changshun Zhang; Gaodi Xie; Chunlan Liu; Haihua Wang; Zheng Li; Sha Pei; Qing Qiao. 2016. "Vegetation Carbon Storage, Spatial Patterns and Response to Altitude in Lancang River Basin, Southwest China." Sustainability 8, no. 2: 110.

Journal article
Published: 15 December 2015 in Sustainability
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In this study, we compared and analyzed the dynamic changes of water conservation and its value of some typical forests, grasslands, and farmlands in China within a year based on the dataset of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Net (CERN). Results showed that forest, grassland, and farmland provide different kinds of water conservation services which vary in size and dynamic processes within a year. Water conservation of forest consisted of water regulation service, here referred to as water retaining service, and water supply service, while water conservation of grassland and farmland was mainly water regulation service. Different types of forests/grasslands/farmlands can serve different water conservation services in both size and change patterns. In general, the water conservation service and value of forests is the largest (Xishuangbanna forest being $712·hm−2·year−1, Dingshu Mountains forest being $823·hm−2·year−1, and Changbai Mountains forest being $366·hm−2·year−1), and then is the farmlands (Yucheng farmland being $147·hm−2·year−1, Changshu farmland being $92·hm−2·year−1, Qianyanzhou farmland being $247 hm−2·year−1), and that of the grasslands is the least (Haibei alpine meadow being $75·hm−2·year−1, Mongolia grassland being $30·hm−2·year−1). The monthly water conservation and its value of each ecosystem had its own changing pattern throughout the year.

ACS Style

Sha Pei; Gaodi Xie; Chunlan Liu; Changshun Zhang; Shimei Li; Long Chen. Dynamic Changes of Water Conservation Service of Typical Ecosystems in China within a Year Based on Data from CERN. Sustainability 2015, 7, 16513 -16531.

AMA Style

Sha Pei, Gaodi Xie, Chunlan Liu, Changshun Zhang, Shimei Li, Long Chen. Dynamic Changes of Water Conservation Service of Typical Ecosystems in China within a Year Based on Data from CERN. Sustainability. 2015; 7 (12):16513-16531.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sha Pei; Gaodi Xie; Chunlan Liu; Changshun Zhang; Shimei Li; Long Chen. 2015. "Dynamic Changes of Water Conservation Service of Typical Ecosystems in China within a Year Based on Data from CERN." Sustainability 7, no. 12: 16513-16531.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2015 in Sustainability
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In this study, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and the multiple linear regression model were used to estimate distribution of biomass resources in 2010. The establishment of models, developed using different vegetation biomass sample data, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), leaf area index (LAI), meteorological data, coordinates, terrain data, and statistical data. Results based on a cross-validation approach show that the model can explain 95.6% of the variance in biomass, with a relative estimation error of 67 g·m−2 for a range of biomass between 0–73,875 g·m−2. Spatial statistic results were consistent with the practical condition in most cases. The above- and below-ground biomass (ABGB) of China was estimated to be 31.1 Pg (1 Pg = 1015 g) in 2010. The forest ecosystem has the largest total biomass, which represents about 70% of the whole terrestrial ecosystem. The desert ecosystem has minimum biomass value. The Belowground Endowment (BRE) varied differently in spatial distribution, with the high values occurring in the southeast and northeast. The low values were primarily distributed in north and northwest regions, where it is mostly desert and few plants. Biomass per capita indicates the availability of natural resources per capita. Tibet had the maximum biomass per capita (807 tone in 2010). Shanghai and Tianjin had the minimum biomass per capita, less than 500 kg. Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Beijing, and Hainan had negative growth of biomass per capita.

ACS Style

Na Li; Gaodi Xie; Changshun Zhang; Yu Xiao; Biao Zhang; Wenhui Chen; Yanzhi Sun; Shuo Wang. Biomass Resources Distribution in the Terrestrial Ecosystem of China. Sustainability 2015, 7, 8548 -8564.

AMA Style

Na Li, Gaodi Xie, Changshun Zhang, Yu Xiao, Biao Zhang, Wenhui Chen, Yanzhi Sun, Shuo Wang. Biomass Resources Distribution in the Terrestrial Ecosystem of China. Sustainability. 2015; 7 (7):8548-8564.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Na Li; Gaodi Xie; Changshun Zhang; Yu Xiao; Biao Zhang; Wenhui Chen; Yanzhi Sun; Shuo Wang. 2015. "Biomass Resources Distribution in the Terrestrial Ecosystem of China." Sustainability 7, no. 7: 8548-8564.

Journal article
Published: 16 December 2014 in Sustainability
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A biologically productive area was used in the ecological footprint method to measure the demand and impact of human activities on the natural capital, and further, to judge whether the impact is within the scope of the regional bio-capacity. In this presentation, an indicator “ecological footprint distance (Def)” is proposed. The results indicated that the proposed indicator Def could identify the outward extension of a city’s ecological footprint with the city’s rapid expansion. From 2008 to 2012, the proportion of imported bio-capacity increased approximately from 48% to 64%, which implied that the ecological impact of Beijing had expanded year by year. The Def of Beijing increased from 567 km in 2008 to 677 km in 2012, with an average annual increase of about 25 km. From the perspective of seasonal change, Beijing’s ecological footprint distance in winter and spring was much higher than in summer and fall. The main features of provincial-spatial distribution of Beijing’s Def were as follows: grain and oil and meat and eggs were mainly supplied by Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei and Inner Mongolia; yet vegetable and fruit were mainly supplied by Hainan, Guangdong, Hebei and Shandong. Measures should be taken to decentralize the sources of imported bio-capacity, so as to ensure a sustainable development in Metropolitan cities.

ACS Style

Gaodi Xie; Wenhui Chen; Shuyan Cao; Chunxia Lu; Yu Xiao; Changshun Zhang; Na Li; Shuo Wang. The Outward Extension of an Ecological Footprint in City Expansion: The Case of Beijing. Sustainability 2014, 6, 9371 -9386.

AMA Style

Gaodi Xie, Wenhui Chen, Shuyan Cao, Chunxia Lu, Yu Xiao, Changshun Zhang, Na Li, Shuo Wang. The Outward Extension of an Ecological Footprint in City Expansion: The Case of Beijing. Sustainability. 2014; 6 (12):9371-9386.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaodi Xie; Wenhui Chen; Shuyan Cao; Chunxia Lu; Yu Xiao; Changshun Zhang; Na Li; Shuo Wang. 2014. "The Outward Extension of an Ecological Footprint in City Expansion: The Case of Beijing." Sustainability 6, no. 12: 9371-9386.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2012 in Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology
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ACS Style

Long Chen; Gao-Di Xie; Sha Pei; Chang-Shun Zhang; Na Fan; Cai-Xia Zhang; Shi-Mei Li. [Ecosystem's soil conservation function and its spatial distribution in Lancang River Basin, Southwest China]. Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology 2012, 23, 1 .

AMA Style

Long Chen, Gao-Di Xie, Sha Pei, Chang-Shun Zhang, Na Fan, Cai-Xia Zhang, Shi-Mei Li. [Ecosystem's soil conservation function and its spatial distribution in Lancang River Basin, Southwest China]. Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology. 2012; 23 (8):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Long Chen; Gao-Di Xie; Sha Pei; Chang-Shun Zhang; Na Fan; Cai-Xia Zhang; Shi-Mei Li. 2012. "[Ecosystem's soil conservation function and its spatial distribution in Lancang River Basin, Southwest China]." Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology 23, no. 8: 1.

Journal article
Published: 30 March 2011 in Frontiers of Earth Science
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Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), originally developed by the USDA for agricultural lands and then used throughout the world, was applied in mountainous forest terrain in China. The woodland area was divide into 100 m × 100 m grid cells. The ArcInfo 9.2 GIS software provided spatial input data was used to predict the spatial distribution of the average annual soil loss on grid basis. The average rainfall erositivity factor (R) for national woodlands was found to be 21–1798 MJ·mm·ha−1·h−1·a−1. The soil erodibility factor (K) with a magnitude of 0.043 t·ha·h· ha−1·MJ−1·mm−1 is the highest for Chinese woodland. Most of the slope length factors (LS) were less than 5 for the national woodland. The highest and lowest values of cover and management factor (C) were found out to be 0.0068 and 0.2550 respectively for coniferous woodland and orchard woodland. The value of conservation factor (P) was assigned to be 1 for Chinese woodlands because of scarcity of conversation practice data at the national scale. The average annual soil loss of the national woodland areas was 3.82 t·km−2·a−1. About 99.89% of Chinese woodland area was found out to be under slight erosion class, whereas it only resulted in about 41.97% of soil loss under woodland area, and 58.03% of soil loss occurred under high erosion potential zone, namely more than 5 t·ha−1·a−1. Therefore, those zones need immediate attention from soil conservation point of view. The results here are consistent with many domestic and oversea previous researches under mountainous forests or hilly catchments, thus we showed that the USLE can be applied to estimations of soil erosion for Chinese woodlands at the national scale.

ACS Style

Changshun Zhang; Gaodi Xie; Chunlan Liu; Chunxia Lu. Assessment of soil erosion under woodlands using USLE in China. Frontiers of Earth Science 2011, 5, 150 -161.

AMA Style

Changshun Zhang, Gaodi Xie, Chunlan Liu, Chunxia Lu. Assessment of soil erosion under woodlands using USLE in China. Frontiers of Earth Science. 2011; 5 (2):150-161.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Changshun Zhang; Gaodi Xie; Chunlan Liu; Chunxia Lu. 2011. "Assessment of soil erosion under woodlands using USLE in China." Frontiers of Earth Science 5, no. 2: 150-161.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2010 in Environmental Management
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Biodiversity maintenance and soil improvement are key sustainable forestry objectives. Research on the effects of bamboo forest management on plant diversity and soil properties are therefore necessary in bamboo-growing regions, such as southeastern China's Shunchang County, that have not been studied from this perspective. We analyzed the effects of different Phyllostachys pubescens proportions in managed forests on vegetation structure and soil properties using pure Cunninghamia lanceolata forests as a contrast, and analyzed the relation between understory plants and environmental variables (i.e., topography, stand and soil characteristics) by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The forest with 80% P. pubescens and 20% hardwoods (such as Phoebe bournei, Jatropha curcas, Schima superba) maintained the highest plant diversity and best soil properties, with significantly higher plant diversity than the C. lanceolata forest, and better soil physicochemical and biological properties. The distribution of understory plants is highly related to environmental factors. Silvicultural disturbance strongly influenced the ability of different bamboo forests to maintain biodiversity and soil quality under extensive management, and the forest responses to management were consistent with the intermediate-disturbance hypothesis (i.e., diversity and soil properties were best at intermediate disturbance levels). Our results suggest that biodiversity maintenance and soil improvement are important management goals for sustainable bamboo management. To achieve those objectives, managers should balance the inputs and outputs of nutrients and protect understory plants by using appropriate fertilizer (e.g., organic fertilizer), adjusting stand structure, modifying utilization model and the harvest time, and controlling the intensity of culms and shoots harvests.

ACS Style

Changshun Zhang; Gaodi Xie; Shaohui Fan; Lin Zhen. Variation in Vegetation Structure and Soil Properties, and the Relation Between Understory Plants and Environmental Variables Under Different Phyllostachys pubescens Forests in Southeastern China. Environmental Management 2010, 45, 779 -792.

AMA Style

Changshun Zhang, Gaodi Xie, Shaohui Fan, Lin Zhen. Variation in Vegetation Structure and Soil Properties, and the Relation Between Understory Plants and Environmental Variables Under Different Phyllostachys pubescens Forests in Southeastern China. Environmental Management. 2010; 45 (4):779-792.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Changshun Zhang; Gaodi Xie; Shaohui Fan; Lin Zhen. 2010. "Variation in Vegetation Structure and Soil Properties, and the Relation Between Understory Plants and Environmental Variables Under Different Phyllostachys pubescens Forests in Southeastern China." Environmental Management 45, no. 4: 779-792.