Online interventions have the advantages of being widely available, accessible, comfortable, cost effective, and they can provide tailored information and support. Despite these benefits, the effects of specifically devised online intervention programs for cancer patients’ sexual problems are somewhat unclear. The aim of this review is to describe online-based interventions and to assess their effects on sexual health among cancer survivors and/or their partners. We investigated the effects of online sexual interventions among individuals with cancer or their partners. Among these, we considered 4 eligible articles. Despite the diversity of contents of the interventions, the identified modes of delivery among most of the interventions were as follows: education, interactive methods, cognitive behavior therapy, tailored information, and self-monitoring. Methods of monitoring the interventions, including the utilization of the web site and post-treatment program rating, were reported. All the online intervention programs incorporated a focus on physical, psychological, cognitive, and social aspects of sexual health. Significant effects on patient sexual function and interest and the psychological aspect of sexual problems were reported. This study provides evidence that online-based interventions would be effective in improving the psycho-sexual problems of cancer survivors and their partners.

The purpose of this meta-analysis study was to investigate the effectiveness of psychological skills training interventions for archery players in Korea. A total of 17 research papers examining the effects of psychological skills training interventions were selected for data analysis. To analyze the data, the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software program was used. The results of this study were as follows: The overall effect size of psychological skills training interventions for archery players was ES = 0.469 (Hedges’ g), which was a small effect size. The major factors that influenced the effects of psychological skills training interventions for archery players appeared to be the player level and training period. In particular, adult players and longer periods of training had bigger effect sizes. The results of this study demonstrate that psychological skills training for archery players is effective and show that the player level and training period are crucial factors in the psychological skills training design. Based on these findings, some implications for future research are discussed.

Recreational activities such as physical and social activities are key components of a healthy life for the elderly. Since the outbreak of Corona 19, leisure facilities such as indoor sports facilities, religious facilities, and cultural facilities have been closed, and group activities such as volunteer activities and clubs are also being held under control. These measures are expected to bring about many changes in the leisure activities of the elderly. In this study, an empirical analysis was made on how COVID-19 caused changes in leisure activities of the elderly using national statistical data. For the data analysis, raw data of the “2019 National Leisure Activities Survey” and “2020 National Leisure Activities Survey” conducted by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism were used, and data of a total of 5,069 elderly people were analyzed. As for the analysis method, the changes in leisure activities of the elderly before and after COVID-19 in terms of participation rate were compared and analyzed. In addition, the changes in leisure activities of the elderly in terms of the type of leisure activities were examined before and after COVID-19 as well. As a result of the analysis, the participation rate in sports activities, hobbies and entertainment activities, and leisure activities increased, while the participation rates in culture and art viewing and participation activities, sports viewing activities, tourism activities, and social activities decreased. In particular, it was found that the proportion of the elderly spending leisure time centered on active and social activities decreased, and the proportion of the elderly consuming leisure time centered on passive activities increased. As a result, it was found that the leisure activities of the elderly are changing passively due to COVID-19. Leisure support policies for active leisure activities of the elderly are likely to be necessary.

Leisure plays a key role in the happiness of youth. Studies have shown that various factors of leisure, such as the type, the time, the cost, and the space, have an influence on the adolescents’ happiness. However, little is known about which of these factors is a major factor in youth’s happiness. The purpose of this study is to explore the leisure factors that determine happiness in adolescents by examining the relationship between happiness and various leisure factors. The study used the method of machine learning to analyze national statistical data, National Leisure Activity Survey. The data used in this study were from the National Leisure Activity Survey 2019, which is a national statistic produced by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism in the Republic of Korea. The analysis found that leisure perceptions, academic and leisure balance, and public leisure space have a very important impact on the adolescents’ well-being. The findings of this research may contribute to a better understanding of leisure and happiness in adolescents, and will also help adolescents make better use of their leisure time, leading to better leisure lives, and ultimately contribute to raising their level of happiness.

Research methodologies have diversified significantly in recent decades, offering researchers various options for structuring their studies. This study explores the role of qualitative research methods in examining ethnic language and culture preservation within ethnic communities in host societies. It begins by defining ethnic communities within the context of ethnic community studies, emphasizing the significance of language maintenance and cultural preservation. The study examines the ongoing academic debate surrounding quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches, along with community-based participatory research frameworks. Since the study focuses on qualitative research, particular attention is paid to data collection methods such as participant observation, in-depth interviews, focus groups, and document analysis. The research also investigates the methodological integration of different qualitative approaches to comprehensively understand how to examine linguistic and ethnic minority groups’ ethnic language and cultural practices in host societies. In addition, it explores how researchers navigate dual roles when studying their own ethnic communities in host societies, examining the balance between community membership and scholarly objectivity. Special attention is given to online qualitative surveys as contemporary research tools, highlighting their flexibility and effectiveness in addressing diverse social research questions. This paper contributes to the field by providing practical and philosophical guidance for conducting qualitative research in ethnic communities within host societies.

The purpose of this study was to gather opinions from experts via the Delphi method to inform the future development of a virtual reality based English language communication program for university level students in Korea. The participants, who consisted of a panel of experts and professors who majored in English language and multimedia education, completed three Delphi surveys based on Context, Input, Process, and Product evaluation, which is referred to as CIPP. In the first Delphi survey, the participants answered multiple choice questions and open-ended questions related to four areas relevant to the development of a virtual reality based program. Based on their answers, a second Delphi survey was designed to determine the participants’ level of agreement with the appropriateness of the questions related to the four areas. In the third Delphi survey, participants were shown the results (mean, standard deviation, median, interquartile range, consensus chart, and convergence degree) and were asked to confirm or modify their answers based on the other participants’ answers. According to the analysis of the Delphi survey results, need for the development of a virtual reality based English language communication program was suggested, and recommendations were made regarding the content and application of the program.