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Many soils in the Boreal forest regions of the Arctic store very large amounts of carbon in the active layer above permafrost, and store significant amounts of carbon within the permafrost. Soils that are well drained, high in rock fragments, shallow to rock or rubble, or covered with ice are exceptions. No other region on Earth stores more carbon on average than the Arctic regions, especially in wetlands. However, changes in vegetation and soil are expected under warming climates. Research questions have arisen about future changes in vegetation and net carbon flux as soil and air temperatures climb, as precipitation amount and type changes, and as the growing season lengthens. A review of recent literature will be conducted to look at effects of vegetation change and annual carbon dynamics in Boreal forest and wetland soils under warming climates. Environmental variables such as soil temperature, hydrology, microbial and higher plant growth, digestibility of young and old carbon, fire, location zone, extent and type of permafrost thaw slow vs sudden collapse), and N and P nutrient balances will affect carbon stocks in addition to changing climate.
John Galbraith; Pavel Krasilnikov; Cornelia Rumpel. Boreal Vegetation and Soil Carbon Dynamics in Response to a Changing Climate and Soil Variables. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleJohn Galbraith, Pavel Krasilnikov, Cornelia Rumpel. Boreal Vegetation and Soil Carbon Dynamics in Response to a Changing Climate and Soil Variables. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn Galbraith; Pavel Krasilnikov; Cornelia Rumpel. 2021. "Boreal Vegetation and Soil Carbon Dynamics in Response to a Changing Climate and Soil Variables." , no. : 1.
Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in arable soils is a challenging goal. We focused on the effect of crop rotation and previous land use for future carbon sequestration on two experimental fields on Retisols with four contrasting fertilization treatments each. We analyzed the SOC dynamics and used the RothC model to forecast the SOC. We found a consistent increase in SOC stocks and stable fractions of the soil organic matter (SOM) with C accumulation in the next 70 years compared to the 90-year experimental period, more evident under the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) compared with the RCP8.5 scenario. The expected increase in SOC will be higher in the crop rotation with a grass field than in the experiment with an alternation of row crops and cereals. The efficiency depended on stable SOM fractions, and fields with more extended cultivation history showed higher SOM stability. Proper crop rotations are more important for SOC stability than the uncertainty associated with the climate change scenarios that allows timely adaptation. The goal of a 4‰ annual increase of SOC stocks may be reached under rotation with grasses in 2020–40 and 2080–90 when applying a mineral or organic fertilizer system for scenario RCP4.5 and a mineral fertilizer system in 2080–2090 for scenario RCP8.5.
Kristina Prokopyeva; Vladimir Romanenkov; Nadezhda Sidorenkova; Vera Pavlova; Stanislav Siptits; Pavel Krasilnikov. The Effect of Crop Rotation and Cultivation History on Predicted Carbon Sequestration in Soils of Two Experimental Fields in the Moscow Region, Russia. Agronomy 2021, 11, 226 .
AMA StyleKristina Prokopyeva, Vladimir Romanenkov, Nadezhda Sidorenkova, Vera Pavlova, Stanislav Siptits, Pavel Krasilnikov. The Effect of Crop Rotation and Cultivation History on Predicted Carbon Sequestration in Soils of Two Experimental Fields in the Moscow Region, Russia. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (2):226.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristina Prokopyeva; Vladimir Romanenkov; Nadezhda Sidorenkova; Vera Pavlova; Stanislav Siptits; Pavel Krasilnikov. 2021. "The Effect of Crop Rotation and Cultivation History on Predicted Carbon Sequestration in Soils of Two Experimental Fields in the Moscow Region, Russia." Agronomy 11, no. 2: 226.
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an essential component of soil health and a potential sink for greenhouse gases. SOC dynamics in a long-term field experiment with mineral and organic fertilization on loamy sand podzol in the Vladimir Region, Russia, was traced with the dynamic carbon model RothC from 1968 until the present. During this period, C stock increased by 21%, compared to the initial level, with the application of manure, at an average annual rate of 10 t·ha−1. The model was also used to forecast SOC changes up to 2090 for two contrasting RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climatic scenarios. Up to 2090, steady growth of SOC stocks is expected in all compared treatments for both climate scenarios. In the scenarios, this growth rate was the highest up to 2040, decreased in the period 2040–2070, and increased again in the period 2070–2090 for RCP4.5. The highest annual gain was 21–27‰ under the RCP4.5 scenario and 16–21‰ under the RCP8.5 scenario in 2020–2040 in a 0–20 cm soil layer. Under the expected climate conditions in the 21st century, the C input will increase 1.3–1.5 times under the RCP4.5 scenario and decrease by 13–20% for the same period under the RCP 8.5 scenario. Modelling demonstrated potentially more favourable conditions for SOC stability in arable podzols than in Retisols in central Russia in the 21st century.
Igor Ilichev; Vladimir Romanenkov; Sergei Lukin; Vera Pavlova; Stanislav Siptits; Pavel Krasilnikov. Arable Podzols Are a Substantial Carbon Sink under Current and Future Climates: Evidence from a Long-Term Experiment in the Vladimir Region, Russia. Agronomy 2021, 11, 90 .
AMA StyleIgor Ilichev, Vladimir Romanenkov, Sergei Lukin, Vera Pavlova, Stanislav Siptits, Pavel Krasilnikov. Arable Podzols Are a Substantial Carbon Sink under Current and Future Climates: Evidence from a Long-Term Experiment in the Vladimir Region, Russia. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (1):90.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIgor Ilichev; Vladimir Romanenkov; Sergei Lukin; Vera Pavlova; Stanislav Siptits; Pavel Krasilnikov. 2021. "Arable Podzols Are a Substantial Carbon Sink under Current and Future Climates: Evidence from a Long-Term Experiment in the Vladimir Region, Russia." Agronomy 11, no. 1: 90.
Specific red clayey soils on the eluvium of limestone, which are traditionally associated with Mediterranean terra rossa, have been described in the Cape Martyan Reserve in south Crimea. Though such soils are well studied, there are several open questions related to the genesis of the red-colored soils of Cape Martyan. Many researchers consider them as surface paleosols combining features formed in the previous epochs and those of current processes. Based on the analyses of the physical and chemical properties, composition of the clay fraction, and micromorphological features of red soils, we have shown that almost all soil-forming processes, except for the long-term dissolution of calcareous rocks and rubification of residual silicate clay, are slightly pronounced, because the compact clay parent material is low sensitive to pedogenesis. Evidences of the fact that past pedogenesis differed from the modern one are almost absent in the soil profiles, which corresponds to the data on the climate stability in this area since the Pliocene. The studied soils may be assigned to Vetusols—ancient soils formed under relatively constant bioclimatic conditions.
N. V. Agadzhanova; Yu. G. Izosimova; I. V. Kostenko; P. V. Krasilnikov. Indicators of Pedogenic Processes in Red Clayey Soils of the Cape Martyan Reserve, South Crimea. Eurasian Soil Science 2021, 54, 1 -12.
AMA StyleN. V. Agadzhanova, Yu. G. Izosimova, I. V. Kostenko, P. V. Krasilnikov. Indicators of Pedogenic Processes in Red Clayey Soils of the Cape Martyan Reserve, South Crimea. Eurasian Soil Science. 2021; 54 (1):1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleN. V. Agadzhanova; Yu. G. Izosimova; I. V. Kostenko; P. V. Krasilnikov. 2021. "Indicators of Pedogenic Processes in Red Clayey Soils of the Cape Martyan Reserve, South Crimea." Eurasian Soil Science 54, no. 1: 1-12.
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an essential condition for soil health and a potential sink for greenhouse gases. SOC dynamics in a long-term field experiment with mineral and organic fertilization on loamy sand Podzol in Vladimir Region, Russia, was traced with the dynamic carbon model RothC since 1968 until the present time. During this period, C stock increased 21% compared with the initial level in the treatment with the application of manure in an average annual rate of 10 t·ha-1. The model was also used to forecast SOC changes until 2090 for two contrasting RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climatic scenarios. Until 2090, the steady growth of SOC stocks is expected in all compared treatments for both climate scenarios. This rate of growth was the highest until 2040, decreased in 2040-2070 and increased again in 2070-2090 for RCP4.5. The highest annual gain was within 21-27‰ under RCP4.5 and 16-21‰ in 2020-2040 in 0-20 cm soil layer. The expected accumulation of C allows increasing current C stock 1.6-1.7 times for RCP4.5 and 2.0-2.2 times for RCP8.5 scenario. Modelling demonstrated potentially more favourable conditions for SOC stability in arable Podzols than in Retisols in Central Russia in the 21st century.
Igor Ilichev; Vladimir Romanenkov; Sergei Lukin; Vera Pavlova; Stanislav Siptits; Pavel Krasilnikov. Arable Podzols are A Substantial Carbon Sink under Current and Future Climate: Evidence From a Long-Term Experiment in Vladimir Region, Russia. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleIgor Ilichev, Vladimir Romanenkov, Sergei Lukin, Vera Pavlova, Stanislav Siptits, Pavel Krasilnikov. Arable Podzols are A Substantial Carbon Sink under Current and Future Climate: Evidence From a Long-Term Experiment in Vladimir Region, Russia. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIgor Ilichev; Vladimir Romanenkov; Sergei Lukin; Vera Pavlova; Stanislav Siptits; Pavel Krasilnikov. 2020. "Arable Podzols are A Substantial Carbon Sink under Current and Future Climate: Evidence From a Long-Term Experiment in Vladimir Region, Russia." , no. : 1.
Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in arable soils is a challenging goal for soil management. Multiple factors should be considered for the prediction of the soil capacity to fix atmospheric carbon. In this study, we focused on the effect of crop rotation and previous land use for future carbon sequestration on two experimental fields with identical soils (Retisols) and input of organic fertilizers. We analyzed the SOC dynamics and used the Roth C model to forecast SOC changes under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Our experimental and modelling results indicated a consistent increase in SOC stocks and the stable fractions of soil organic matter (SOM). The increase in SOC was higher in the experiment with the crop-grassland rotation that in the experiment with a rotation of row crops and barley. With similar total SOC stocks, the efficiency of soil management differed as reflected by the contrasting composition of SOM, as fields with a long cultivation history showed higher SOM stability. The goal of 4‰ annual increase of SOC stocks may be reached under crop- grassland rotation in 2020-40 and 2080-90 when applying mineral or organic fertilizer system for scenario RCP4.5, and mineral fertilizer system in 2080-2090 for scenario RCP8.5.
Kristina Prokopyeva; Vladimir Romanenkov; Nadezhda Sidorenkova; Vera Pavlova; Stanislav Siptits; Pavel Krasilnikov. The Effect of Crop Rotation and Cultivation History on Predicted Carbon Sequestration in Soils of Two Experimental Fields in the Moscow Region, Russia. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleKristina Prokopyeva, Vladimir Romanenkov, Nadezhda Sidorenkova, Vera Pavlova, Stanislav Siptits, Pavel Krasilnikov. The Effect of Crop Rotation and Cultivation History on Predicted Carbon Sequestration in Soils of Two Experimental Fields in the Moscow Region, Russia. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristina Prokopyeva; Vladimir Romanenkov; Nadezhda Sidorenkova; Vera Pavlova; Stanislav Siptits; Pavel Krasilnikov. 2020. "The Effect of Crop Rotation and Cultivation History on Predicted Carbon Sequestration in Soils of Two Experimental Fields in the Moscow Region, Russia." , no. : 1.
Organic carbon (OC) accumulation in soil mitigates greenhouse gases emission and improves soil health. We aimed to quantify the dynamics of OC stock in soils and to justify technologies that allow annual increasing OC stock in the arable soil layer by 4‰. We based the study on a field experiment established in 1936 in the 9-field crop rotation with a fallow on Chernozem in European Russia. The RothC version 26.3 was used for the reproducing and forecasting OC dynamics. In all fertilizer applications at FYM background, there was a decrease in the OC stock with preferable loss of active OC, except the period 1964–1971 with 2–5‰ annual OC increase. The model estimated the annual C input necessary to maintain OC stock as 1900 kg·ha−1. For increasing OC stocks by 4‰ per year, one should raise input to 2400 kg·ha−1. The simulation was made for 2016–2090 using climate scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Crop rotation without fallowing provided an initial increase of 3‰ and 6‰ of stocks in the RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios accordingly, followed by a loss in accumulated OC. Simulation demonstrates difficulties to increase OC concentration in Chernozems under intensive farming and potential capacity to rise OC stock through yield management.
Ilshat Husniev; Vladimir Romanenkov; Olga Minakova; Pavel Krasilnikov. Modelling and Prediction of Organic Carbon Dynamics in Arable Soils Based on a 62-Year Field Experiment in the Voronezh Region, European Russia. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1607 .
AMA StyleIlshat Husniev, Vladimir Romanenkov, Olga Minakova, Pavel Krasilnikov. Modelling and Prediction of Organic Carbon Dynamics in Arable Soils Based on a 62-Year Field Experiment in the Voronezh Region, European Russia. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (10):1607.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIlshat Husniev; Vladimir Romanenkov; Olga Minakova; Pavel Krasilnikov. 2020. "Modelling and Prediction of Organic Carbon Dynamics in Arable Soils Based on a 62-Year Field Experiment in the Voronezh Region, European Russia." Agronomy 10, no. 10: 1607.
Organic carbon (OC) accumulation in soil mitigates greenhouse gases emission and improves soil health. We aimed to quantify the dynamics of OC stock in soils and to justify technologies that allow annual increasing OC stock in the arable soil layer by 4‰. We based the study on a field experiment established in 1936 in the 9-field crop rotation with a fallow on Chernozem in European Russia. The RothC version 26.3 was used for the reproducing and forecasting OC dynamics. In all fertilizer applications at FYM background, there was a decrease in the OC stock with preferable loss of active OC, except the period 1964-71 with 2-5‰ annual OC increase. The model estimated the annual C input in the arable soil layer as 1,900 kg·ha-1. For increasing OC stocks by 4‰ per year, one should raise input to 2400 kg·ha-1. Simulation was made for 2016-2090 using climate scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Crop rotation without fallowing provided an initial increase of 3‰ and 6‰ of stocks in the RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios accordingly, followed by a loss in accumulated OC. Simulation demonstrates difficulties to increase OC concentration in Chernozems under intensive farming and potential capacity to rise OC stock through yield management.
Ilshat Husniev; Vladimir Romanenkov; Olga Minakova; Pavel Krasilnikov. Modelling and Prediction of Organic Carbon Dynamics in Arable Soils Based on a 62-Year Field Experiment in the Voronezh Region, European Russia. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleIlshat Husniev, Vladimir Romanenkov, Olga Minakova, Pavel Krasilnikov. Modelling and Prediction of Organic Carbon Dynamics in Arable Soils Based on a 62-Year Field Experiment in the Voronezh Region, European Russia. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIlshat Husniev; Vladimir Romanenkov; Olga Minakova; Pavel Krasilnikov. 2020. "Modelling and Prediction of Organic Carbon Dynamics in Arable Soils Based on a 62-Year Field Experiment in the Voronezh Region, European Russia." , no. : 1.
“Black soils” recently proposed by the FAO Global Soil Partnership, include fertile soils, characterized by a thick, dark-colored soil horizon rich in organic matter. This study addressed the proposed concept of “black soils”, in terms of taxonomic relationship of their corresponding soil types of existing soil classifications. Similarity studies were based on the calculation of taxonomic distances between selected soil groups with organic matter–enriched horizons of the Russian Soil Classification System, the United States Soil Taxonomy and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources. In the process, we used the so called ”centroids”, which are the calculated mean values of several soil properties for each of the soil groups using legacy data derived from national and international databases. The results indicated that the Great Groups of the Mollisol Order in the US Soil Taxonomy had small taxonomic distances within the order, except some soils with shallow depth to the hardpan or permafrost. Dark-colored Vertisols and Andisols were found to differ from the Mollisols and similar soils found in similar environments mainly under grasslands. We recommend excluding Vertisols and Andisols from the “black soils” cluster due to the peculiarity in their properties, potential use and management. While the Vertisols and Mollisols of the Soil Taxonomy were completely dissimilar in properties, the WRB Vertisol Reference group and Russian dark-humus compact soils fitted well the Mollisols cluster, presumably due to the different concept of the Vertisols in the studied system. The soil types of the “black soils” of the Russian soil classification had a short distance to the corresponding Reference Groups of the World Reference Base. Also, the similarity was high with the Great Groups of the US Soil Taxonomy for all soil types except of Kastanozems, but the relationship in places was not well interpreted from a pedogeographic point of view. We ascribed the phenomenon to the geographical bias of the databases. Though “black soils” form a distinct cluster that roughly corresponds to the Mollisols Order of the US Soil Taxonomy, the taxonomic distance within the group may be significant, contributing to the pedodiversity of soilscapes of “black soils”.
Alexey Sorokin; Phillip Owens; Vince Láng; Zhuo-Dong Jiang; Erika Michéli; Pavel Krasilnikov. “Black soils” in the Russian Soil Classification system, the US Soil Taxonomy and the WRB: Quantitative correlation and implications for pedodiversity assessment. CATENA 2020, 196, 104824 .
AMA StyleAlexey Sorokin, Phillip Owens, Vince Láng, Zhuo-Dong Jiang, Erika Michéli, Pavel Krasilnikov. “Black soils” in the Russian Soil Classification system, the US Soil Taxonomy and the WRB: Quantitative correlation and implications for pedodiversity assessment. CATENA. 2020; 196 ():104824.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexey Sorokin; Phillip Owens; Vince Láng; Zhuo-Dong Jiang; Erika Michéli; Pavel Krasilnikov. 2020. "“Black soils” in the Russian Soil Classification system, the US Soil Taxonomy and the WRB: Quantitative correlation and implications for pedodiversity assessment." CATENA 196, no. : 104824.
We summarized the results of studies of pedodiversity and contrast and variability of soil properties based on the analyses of soil maps of different scales for the republics of Karelia and Dagestan and the Moscow region. We used fragments of the Soil Map of the Russian Federation on a scale of 1 : 2 500 000 as a small-scale map and three different medium-scale maps (from 1 : 300 000 to 1 : 500 000). Large-scale maps (1 : 10 000) were compiled for representative plots within the studied territories specifically for the study of pedodiversity. All the maps were digitized, map legends were converted to the new Russian soil classification system and to the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB), and Shannon–Wiener diversity indices were calculated. Comparison of indicators revealed the dependence of the values of the diversity indices on the map scale. The indicators for the large-scale map were relatively low and did not differ much when using Russian and international classification. We concluded that for the successful assessment of soil diversity at different scales, it is important to use several large-scale maps that reflect the heterogeneity of regional soilscapes. Natural boundaries between soilscapes and soil regions can be found using the pedodiversity index map. In almost all cases, maps with a WRB-based legend had lower indicators of pedodiversity than maps with a legend based on the Russian soil classification. This confirms the fact that the international classification is less detailed than the Russian national classification, which was originally intended for large-scale mapping of soils.
P. V. Krasilnikov; M. I. Gerasimova; D. L. Golovanov; Yu. A. Golovleva; Maria Konyushkova; V. A. Sidorova; A. S. Sorokin. Soil Cover Diversity and Its Spatial Organization at Different Map Scales. Eurasian Soil Science 2020, 53, 1013 -1020.
AMA StyleP. V. Krasilnikov, M. I. Gerasimova, D. L. Golovanov, Yu. A. Golovleva, Maria Konyushkova, V. A. Sidorova, A. S. Sorokin. Soil Cover Diversity and Its Spatial Organization at Different Map Scales. Eurasian Soil Science. 2020; 53 (8):1013-1020.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. V. Krasilnikov; M. I. Gerasimova; D. L. Golovanov; Yu. A. Golovleva; Maria Konyushkova; V. A. Sidorova; A. S. Sorokin. 2020. "Soil Cover Diversity and Its Spatial Organization at Different Map Scales." Eurasian Soil Science 53, no. 8: 1013-1020.
The feasibility of implementing the "4 ppm" initiative, which assumes an annual increase in organic carbon stocks of agricultural soils in the layer 0-40 cm, was estimated with the dynamic carbon model RothC in two long-term DAOS experiments in the Moscow region, conducted in neighbouring fields for 74 and 76 years. Treatments included absolute control, application of organic, mineral, organic and mineral fertilizers at increasing rates. One of the experiments showed the growth of C stocks 12‰ in the layer 0-20 cm in the first 20 years in treatments with mineral fertilization, and 17‰ with the additional application of manure in an average annual rate of 10 Mg·ha-1. The accumulation of C allowed increasing its stock by 18-25%. Still, with the subsequent decline in crop rotation productivity, there was a loss of part of the previously accumulated C. In another experiment, at close values of annual C input, there was a loss of initial C stock due to the history of land use. The crop rotation adjustment provided a 3-8 ‰ increase of soil C in the 0-20 cm layer in the first 20 years after introduction but was insufficient to match the "4 ppm" initiative. In the long term, the organic fertilizer system had an advantage over the mineral one in ensuring the stability of organic C stocks in the arable layer. However, the management of C sequestration was complicated in the non-equilibrium state of the carbon system "plant residues-organic fertilizer-soil".
K.O. Prokopyeva; V.A. Romanenkov; N.K. Sidorenkova; Pavel Krasilnikov. Soil organic carbon sequestration according to two Geoset long-term field experiments in the Moscow region. E3S Web of Conferences 2020, 176, 04002 .
AMA StyleK.O. Prokopyeva, V.A. Romanenkov, N.K. Sidorenkova, Pavel Krasilnikov. Soil organic carbon sequestration according to two Geoset long-term field experiments in the Moscow region. E3S Web of Conferences. 2020; 176 ():04002.
Chicago/Turabian StyleK.O. Prokopyeva; V.A. Romanenkov; N.K. Sidorenkova; Pavel Krasilnikov. 2020. "Soil organic carbon sequestration according to two Geoset long-term field experiments in the Moscow region." E3S Web of Conferences 176, no. : 04002.
Soil-landscape studies using quantitative methods tackled as pedodiversity recently became popular in soil geography. The experience gained in their application to different territories and at different scales is not plentiful yet, and the regularities revealed are not always evident and unambiguous. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of mapping scale and the classification used for mapping on the pedodiversity indices and taxonomic distances between the soils reflected on the maps. The research on pedodiversity was performed in Eastern Fennoscandia with its rather simple, although variegated soil cover. Pedodiversity indices were shown to be higher when calculated using a large-scale map (1: 10,000) versus the small (1:2,500,000) and medium-scale (1:500,000) ones. The contrast between soil taxa in map legends did not depend on the scale and the taxonomic level either. Pedodiversity indices strongly depended on soil classification in the map legend. The Shannon-Wiener index was lower when the WRB system was applied in soil map legend than in the case of classification systems used in Russia. Mean taxonomic distances between soil taxa presented in the legends in two classification systems were still more homogeneous, while differential analysis of the similarity indices showed that the small-scaled map had a relatively high proportion of similar soils. Though the taxonomic distances may be used in soil classification studies, we do not recommend them as a measure for pedodiversity on any scale.
М.I. Gerasimova; I.а. Golovleva; Maria Konyushkova; A.S. Sorokin; P.V. Krasilnikov. Assessment of soil diversity using soil maps with different scales in Eastern Fennoscandia, Russia. Geoderma Regional 2020, 21, e00274 .
AMA StyleМ.I. Gerasimova, I.а. Golovleva, Maria Konyushkova, A.S. Sorokin, P.V. Krasilnikov. Assessment of soil diversity using soil maps with different scales in Eastern Fennoscandia, Russia. Geoderma Regional. 2020; 21 ():e00274.
Chicago/Turabian StyleМ.I. Gerasimova; I.а. Golovleva; Maria Konyushkova; A.S. Sorokin; P.V. Krasilnikov. 2020. "Assessment of soil diversity using soil maps with different scales in Eastern Fennoscandia, Russia." Geoderma Regional 21, no. : e00274.
Soil and zoological studies of the arboretum of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden and Cape Martian Reserve (southern coast of Crimea) were carried out. Twenty two taxonomic groups of large invertebrate soil animals, whose number was about 1000 specimens/m2 and biomass about 25 g/m2, were found in the bulk stratozems of the garden and in natural red-colored soils of the reserve. The territory of botanical garden is characterized by a greater biomass and taxonomic diversity of the soil macrofauna than Cape Martian, but the community structure of both territories has similarities. Higher biodiversity and biomass in the garden are explained by increased soil moisture due to a sprinkling and high mosaicism of vegetation in the arboretum. Both territories have a high internal heterogeneity of the soil population, which is due to a variability of the soil properties, which is determined by differences in the bulk soils of the Nikitsky garden and the linear nature of erosion of the soils of Cape Martian. Along with a diversity of vegetation, these factors affect the heterogeneity of macrofauna distribution and provide a high biological β-diversity of the territory.
A. A. Rahleeva; N. V. Agadzhanova; I. A. Ilyichev; I. V. Kostenko; P. V. Krasilnikov. Communities of Soil Invertebrates in Protected Areas of the Southern Coast of Crimea. Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin 2020, 75, 46 -54.
AMA StyleA. A. Rahleeva, N. V. Agadzhanova, I. A. Ilyichev, I. V. Kostenko, P. V. Krasilnikov. Communities of Soil Invertebrates in Protected Areas of the Southern Coast of Crimea. Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin. 2020; 75 (1):46-54.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. A. Rahleeva; N. V. Agadzhanova; I. A. Ilyichev; I. V. Kostenko; P. V. Krasilnikov. 2020. "Communities of Soil Invertebrates in Protected Areas of the Southern Coast of Crimea." Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin 75, no. 1: 46-54.
Soil horizons reflect soil processes and convey information about past and present soil conditions. The identification and delineation of soil horizons are affected by lateral and vertical variation in soil properties. Early studies focused on the variation of horizon thickness and the waviness of horizon boundaries, but did not consider within-horizon lateral and vertical variation. Here we review studies that investigated variation in the master horizons O, A, E, B, and C. We summarize what is known about soil horizon variation, quantify the variation in different horizons, and investigate whether the variation increases or decreases with depth. The variation within horizons differs among soils, and the magnitude of the variation varies for different soil properties. Variation within soil horizons or laterally within a few square meters may be considerable, and the within-horizon variation changes with depth. Horizon thickness does not seem to be related to the variation of soil chemical and physical properties within the horizon, i.e., thicker horizons do not necessarily have higher variation in their soil properties. Three case studies are presented: Spodosols and Histosols (Russia), Alfisol and Mollisol (USA), and Oxisol (Brazil). Factors that affect the within-horizon variations include landscape position, parent material, vegetation, fertilization, tillage, drainage, and time. The vertical distribution of soil properties can be quantified using soil depth functions. Digital soil morphometrics techniques can assist in the quantification of two-dimensional soil profile properties and variations.
A.E. Hartemink; Y. Zhang; J.G. Bockheim; N. Curi; S.H.G. Silva; J. Grauer-Gray; D.J. Lowe; P. Krasilnikov. Soil horizon variation: A review. Advances in Agronomy 2019, 125 -185.
AMA StyleA.E. Hartemink, Y. Zhang, J.G. Bockheim, N. Curi, S.H.G. Silva, J. Grauer-Gray, D.J. Lowe, P. Krasilnikov. Soil horizon variation: A review. Advances in Agronomy. 2019; ():125-185.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA.E. Hartemink; Y. Zhang; J.G. Bockheim; N. Curi; S.H.G. Silva; J. Grauer-Gray; D.J. Lowe; P. Krasilnikov. 2019. "Soil horizon variation: A review." Advances in Agronomy , no. : 125-185.
The International Conference to commemorate the 90th anniversary of A. D. Voronin's birth «Key concepts of soil physics: development, future prospects and current applications» was held in Moscow on May 27–31, 2019. The topics of the conference were: soil solid phase (surface phenomena, soil structure and pore space); fundamental and applied aspects of soil hydrology; migration of toxicants and salts in soil; matter and energy fluxes in soil and landscape; soil temperature and cryogenesis; spatio-temporal heterogeneity and soil evolution; mathematical modeling in soil physics and environmental science; the intra-soil physical conditions and their impact on soil biota; recultivated and urban soils; scientific and applied aspects of land reclamation; food security and digital (smart) agriculture as modern challenges of applied soil physics.
S A Shoba; Pavel Krasilnikov; A B Umarova; T A Arkhangelskaya. Key concepts of soil physics: development, future prospects and current applications. The International Conference to commemorate the 90th anniversary of A. D. Voronin’s birth. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019, 368, 012001 .
AMA StyleS A Shoba, Pavel Krasilnikov, A B Umarova, T A Arkhangelskaya. Key concepts of soil physics: development, future prospects and current applications. The International Conference to commemorate the 90th anniversary of A. D. Voronin’s birth. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019; 368 (1):012001.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS A Shoba; Pavel Krasilnikov; A B Umarova; T A Arkhangelskaya. 2019. "Key concepts of soil physics: development, future prospects and current applications. The International Conference to commemorate the 90th anniversary of A. D. Voronin’s birth." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 368, no. 1: 012001.
The “4 per 1000” initiatives encourages agricultural sector to apply practices aimed at soil organic carbon (SOC) management for greenhouse gases sequestration. We accessed the potential of Russian agricultural soils to store SOC under various managements. RothC model was used to simulate SOC stocks in seven Russian long-term experiments started in 1933–1980 with mineral and organic fertilization. Crop sequences included alternation of cereals, row crops and grasses, four experiments had crop rotations with bare fallow field. We used current weather data and yearly carbon input as input data. Carbon input was calculated using crop residues estimated from crop yield and aboveground biomass production. RothC satisfactorily simulated the observed changes in SOC on Podzols, Retisols and Chernozems, as evaluated through the root mean square error, coefficient of determination and the mean difference. However, in the absence of clear trend, RothC was less sensitive to the observed interannual SOC dynamics. To maintain initial C level annual input of 1.1–1.3 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 was required for sandy Podzols, while for loamy Retisols necessary rates were 1.4–2.0 Mg C ha −1 yr−1. Inputs of 2.6–2.9 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 were required to maintain soil C in Chernozem. If long-term C input was insufficient to maintain SOC, the stock of resistant plant material continuously decreased. The effect of agronomic practices on active C pools might lead only to a short-term C sequestration that was highly yield-dependent. Simulation of SOC dynamics for the plots that did not receive fertilizers and had the lowest SOC stock revealed that aboveground net primary production (NPP) input was sufficient for maintaining constant SOM stocks if these plots were converted to grassland for forage production and received farmyard manure. The average annual 7–17‰ increase in SOC was possible to reach for 30 years and more in all experiments on Podzols and Retisols in treatments with organic fertilization, while treatments with only mineral fertilizers were not sufficient to reach 4‰ level.
Vladimir Romanenkov; Maya Belichenko; Alena Petrova; Tatyana Raskatova; Gabriele Jahn; Pavel Krasilnikov. Soil organic carbon dynamics in long-term experiments with mineral and organic fertilizers in Russia. Geoderma Regional 2019, 17, e00221 .
AMA StyleVladimir Romanenkov, Maya Belichenko, Alena Petrova, Tatyana Raskatova, Gabriele Jahn, Pavel Krasilnikov. Soil organic carbon dynamics in long-term experiments with mineral and organic fertilizers in Russia. Geoderma Regional. 2019; 17 ():e00221.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVladimir Romanenkov; Maya Belichenko; Alena Petrova; Tatyana Raskatova; Gabriele Jahn; Pavel Krasilnikov. 2019. "Soil organic carbon dynamics in long-term experiments with mineral and organic fertilizers in Russia." Geoderma Regional 17, no. : e00221.
This paper provides a review of the current state of soil geography and budding directions for the development of pedogeographic research. We mention some new ideas in the frames of structural approach rooting in the classical concept of soil cover pattern and based on new concepts, such as pedodiversity assessment, graph theory, and geostatistical analysis of soil spatial variation. We note the significance of digital soil mapping in the development of the theory and practice of pedogeography and stress that digital soil mapping is a method that cannot replace soil geography as a scientific discipline. There is a need for deeper integration of mathematical methods in traditional soil geography. We stress that pedogeographical models are required for predicting soil properties and regimes even in digital agriculture. We discuss the necessity for adequate reflection of polygenetic soils in the soil mantle, and recommend using both indirect paleogeographic information and current remote and proximate sensing data. We also note the difficulties in predicting the spatial distribution of anthropogenically transformed soils using state factor theory; we discuss the possibilities of broader use of historical and economical geography data. In conclusion, we suggest developing “new soil geography” not only through integration of mathematical methods but also through closer integration with allied sciences.
P. V. Krasilnikov; V. O. Targulian. Towards “New Soil Geography”: Challenges and Solutions. A Review. Eurasian Soil Science 2019, 52, 113 -121.
AMA StyleP. V. Krasilnikov, V. O. Targulian. Towards “New Soil Geography”: Challenges and Solutions. A Review. Eurasian Soil Science. 2019; 52 (2):113-121.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. V. Krasilnikov; V. O. Targulian. 2019. "Towards “New Soil Geography”: Challenges and Solutions. A Review." Eurasian Soil Science 52, no. 2: 113-121.
Montane cloud forests (MCF) are a tropical mountainous biome that forms on the mountainous slopes oriented towards the sea under extremely wet climate in the temperate zone covered with clouds for the most part of the year. MCF receive water not only with rainfalls but also as mist. Most MCF are found mainly at the altitude between 500 and 2500 m above sea level (asl), but in places they extend to lower and higher elevations. Commonly these forests are divided into lower MCF belt, upland MCF belt and subalpine elfin forest. This biome is characterized by low stature and productivity compared with lowland rain forests due to excessive moisture, colder climate, acid nutrient-depleted soils and insufficient solar radiation. The physiognomy of MCF is characterized by numerous epiphytes that play an important role in moisture accumulation. Species diversity of MCF is lower than that of lowland tropical rain forests in absolute figures, but the biodiversity per area unit may be higher. Due to fragmentized distribution, the speciation in MCF is exceptionally high with increased levels of plant and animal endemism. The C stock of MCF is less than that of lowland tropical rainforests, but higher than of other mountainous forest types. The C stock in MCF is distributed evenly between the aboveground biomass and belowground stock (roots plus soil organic carbon). High biodiversity and endemism make MCF a priority area for conservation; currently this biome is endangered due to agriculture, settlements expansion and logging. Climatic change also may have a critical effect on MCF functioning and require special attention.
Pavel Krasilnikov. Montane Cloud Forests. Encyclopedia of the World's Biomes 2019, 138 -145.
AMA StylePavel Krasilnikov. Montane Cloud Forests. Encyclopedia of the World's Biomes. 2019; ():138-145.
Chicago/Turabian StylePavel Krasilnikov. 2019. "Montane Cloud Forests." Encyclopedia of the World's Biomes , no. : 138-145.
Fragipan is a compacted but non-cemented subsurface horizon, considered as a pedogenic horizon, but the mechanism of its formation is not well understood. The main hydro-consolidation hypothesis involves a collapse of soil structure when it is loaded and wet, resulting a reorganisation of pore space. Soils with fragipan never have been marked in Russian soil maps. In the South Karelia, located in Eastern Fennoscandia (34.50921 E and 61.33186 N, 110 m asl) we studied a soil profile of Albic Fragic Retisol (Cutanic), developed in the glacial till of Last Glaciation with flat subhorizontal topography under an aspen-spruce forest. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how the fragic horizon was formed in the Retisol located in South Karelia. Observations were made in each soil horizon using micromorphological method, particle size analysis and the study of mineralogical composition of clay fraction by X-ray diffraction. The analysis of the morphological description combined with the laboratory data have led us to the conclusion that the consolidation of the fragipan occurred after the textural differentiation of the profile, following the Atlantic Optimum, and does not depend on the presence of swelling clay minerals. The well-developed argic horizon was probably formed around 6000 years ago, under climatic conditions more favourable for clay illuviation than in present time. Fragipan is supposed to be developed during the Sub-Boreal cooling.
Lilit Pogosyan; Sergey Sedov; Teresa Pi-Puig; Pavel Ryazantsev; Aleksander Rodionov; Anna Yudina; Pavel Krasilnikov. Pedogenesis of a Retisol with fragipan in Karelia in the context of the Holocene landscape evolution. Baltica 2019, 31, 134 -145.
AMA StyleLilit Pogosyan, Sergey Sedov, Teresa Pi-Puig, Pavel Ryazantsev, Aleksander Rodionov, Anna Yudina, Pavel Krasilnikov. Pedogenesis of a Retisol with fragipan in Karelia in the context of the Holocene landscape evolution. Baltica. 2019; 31 (2):134-145.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLilit Pogosyan; Sergey Sedov; Teresa Pi-Puig; Pavel Ryazantsev; Aleksander Rodionov; Anna Yudina; Pavel Krasilnikov. 2019. "Pedogenesis of a Retisol with fragipan in Karelia in the context of the Holocene landscape evolution." Baltica 31, no. 2: 134-145.
Seasonal changes of the soil CO2 concentration and the rate of CO2 fluxes emission from the soil formed on the sediments of the former Lake Texcoco, which occupied a significant part of the Mexico Valley until the mid-17th century, were studied. The soils (Fluvic Endogleyic Phaeozems) were characterized by a low CO2 fluxes rate, which is related to their high alkalinity. The mean values of soil respiration were 6.0–14.1 mg C/(m2 h) depending on vegetation type, which corresponds to 60–157 g C/(m2 yr). The contribution of plants to the CO2 fluxes insignificantly varied by seasons and depended on the species composition of vegetation. The soil CO2 concentration and soil respiration in eucalypt (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) plantation were two times higher than those in the grass–subshrub area, the ground cover of which consisted of Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene and Suaeda nigra (Raf.) J.F. Macbr. species. This can be related to the significant volumes of gas production during the respiration of eucalypt roots and associated rhizosphere community. The contribution of the root systems of grass cover to the soil CO2 fluxes in eucalypt plantation slightly varied within the year and was equal to 24% on the average. In the grass–subshrub area, its value varied from 41% in the cold season to 60% in the warm season. The spatial variability of soil CO2 concentration and its flux rate to the atmosphere was due to the differences in plant species composition and hydrothermal conditions, and their temporal trend was closely related to the seasonal accumulation of plant biomass and soil temperature.
E. N. Ikkonen; N. E. Garcia-Calderon; A. Ibáñez-Huerta; J. D. Etchevers-Barra; Pavel Krasilnikov. Seasonal Dynamics of Soil CO2 Concentration and CO2 Fluxes from the Soil of the Former Lake Texcoco, Mexico. Eurasian Soil Science 2018, 51, 674 -681.
AMA StyleE. N. Ikkonen, N. E. Garcia-Calderon, A. Ibáñez-Huerta, J. D. Etchevers-Barra, Pavel Krasilnikov. Seasonal Dynamics of Soil CO2 Concentration and CO2 Fluxes from the Soil of the Former Lake Texcoco, Mexico. Eurasian Soil Science. 2018; 51 (6):674-681.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE. N. Ikkonen; N. E. Garcia-Calderon; A. Ibáñez-Huerta; J. D. Etchevers-Barra; Pavel Krasilnikov. 2018. "Seasonal Dynamics of Soil CO2 Concentration and CO2 Fluxes from the Soil of the Former Lake Texcoco, Mexico." Eurasian Soil Science 51, no. 6: 674-681.