Food contaminated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) represents a hazardous public health problem worldwide. Therefore, the present study was performed to elucidate the virulent and antimicrobial resistance characteristics of STEC isolated from milk and dairy products marketed in Egypt. A total of 125 samples (raw market milk, bulk tank milk, Kareish cheese, white soft cheese, and small scale-produced ice cream, 25 each) were collected for determination the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiling of STEC. Thirty-six STEC isolates were recovered from milk and dairy products. Serological analysis illustrated that three isolates were E. coli O157:H7 and 33 isolates belonged to different serotypes. Molecular examination indicated that all isolates harboured stx1 and/or stx2 genes, 14 isolates expressed eaeA gene and 3 isolates possessed rfbE gene. Antimicrobial resistance profiling of the isolates was both phenotypically and genetically examined. Interestingly, 31 out of 36 (86.11%) isolates were multidrug-resistant and harboured the extended-spectrum β-lactamase encoding genes, namely, bla_CTX-M-15, bla_SHV-12 and bla_CTX-M-14. Moreover, 12 isolates (33.33%) harboured plasmid-mediated quinolone resistant gene, qnrS. The overall conclusion of the current investigation indicated insufficient hygienic measures adopted during milking, handling, and processing leading to development of pathogenic and multidrug-resistant STEC.

Carbapenem and colistin antibiotics have been classified as critically important antimicrobial agents and are reserved primarily for the treatment of severe infection caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria (1-3).…

During the last decade’s increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animals, animal-human transmission has become a major threat. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the genetic basis of AMR in Gram-negative bacteria recovered from sheep and goats with respiratory disease. Nasal and ocular swabs were collected from 69 diseased animals, and 76 Gram-negative bacterial isolates were identified from 59 animals. All isolates were checked phenotypically for resistance and genotypically for different resistance mechanisms, including β-lactam, quinolone, and aminoglycoside resistance. Our results demonstrated that 9.2% (95% CI 4.5–17.8%) of the isolates were multidrug-resistant, with high resistance rates to β-lactams and quinolones, and 11.8% (95% CI 6.4–21%) and 6.6% (95% CI 2.8–14.5%) of the isolates were phenotypically positive for AmpC and ESBL, respectively. Genotypically, bla_TEM was the most identified β-lactamase encoding gene in 29% (95% CI 20–40%) of the isolates, followed by bla_SHV (14.5%, 95% CI 8.3–24.1%) and bla_CTX-M (4%, 95% CI 1.4–11%). Furthermore, 7.9% (95% CI 3.7–16.2%) of the isolates harbored plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene qnrS. Our study revealed for the first time to our knowledge high β-lactam and quinolone resistance associated with the bacteria recovered from sheep and one goat with respiratory disease. Furthermore, different antimicrobial resistant determinants were identified for the first time from animals in Africa, such as bla_LEN-13/55, bla_TEM-176 and bla_TEM-198/214. This study highlights the potential role of sheep and goats in disseminating AMR determinants and/or resistant bacteria to humans. The study regenerates interest for the development of a One Health approach to combat this formidable problem.

For addressing the issue of antimicrobial drug resistance in developing countries, it is important to investigate the characteristics of carbapenemase-producing organisms. We aimed to genetically characterize a carbapenemase-producingKlebsiella pneumoniae(CPKP) isolated in the intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. The number of CPKP isolates were 43/145 (30%), of which pandrug-resistant (PDR) strains were 14%. These carbapenemases were New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM)-1 (53%), NDM-5 (14%), oxacillinase (OXA)-181 (12%), OXA-232 (10%), NDM-5 + OXA-181 (5%), and NDM-5 + OXA-232 (2%). Many CPKP isolates harbored a variety of resistance genes, and the prevalence of 16S rRNA methyltransferase was particularly high (91%). The 43 CPKP isolates were classified into 14 different sequence types (STs), and the common STs were ST34 (26%), ST147 (16%), ST11 (9%), ST14 (9%), ST25 (7%), and ST231 (7%). In this study, PDR strains were of three types, ST147, ST231, and ST14, and their PDR rates were 57, 33, and 25%, respectively. The spread of the antimicrobial drug resistance of CPKP in Bangladesh was identified. In particular, the emergence of PDR is problem, and there may be its spread as a superbug of antimicrobial treatment.