Nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used as an excellent material for catalysis, separation, adsorption and disinfection processes. CNTs have grabbed the attention of the scientific community and they have the potential to adsorb most of the organic compounds from water. Unlike, reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes aligned CNT membranes can act as high-flow desalination membranes. CNTs provide a relatively safer electrode solution for biosensors. The article is of the utmost importance for the scientists and technologists working in water purification technologies to eliminate the water crisis in the future. This review summarizes about the application of CNTs in water purification.

A mild and efficient catalytic method has been developed to synthesize 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones in high yield by one-pot three component Biginelli condensation in the presence of triethylammonium acetate (TEAA) which acts as catalyst/reaction medium. Further, we have studied the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of these synthesized 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones. All the synthesized compounds reveal the significant antioxidant properties, these properties have been studied using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays. In addition, to this, these compounds also show the good antibacterial activity against four human pathogenic bacteria

In recent years, plasma has proved to have great promise in the fields of chemistry, biology, physics, biotechnological and medical sciences. In this review, we discuss plasma versatility and applicability in various areas, such as interactions with biomolecules, biomedical treatments, chemical synthesis, removal of volatile organic compounds, electrochemical reactions, nanoscience, surface modifications, food engineering and water purification applications. Specially, we discuss how we can increase the utility of plasma in various phases of chemistry and biochemistry. We also shed light on the aspect that plasma can be a new source of green chemistry.

Background: Chemical crosslinking refers to intermolecular or intramolecular joining of two or more molecules by a covalent bond. The reagents that are used for the purpose are referred to as ‘crosslinking reagents’ or ‘crosslinkers’. Based on factors like reactivity and spacer length these are classified into different types, each having its own specific function and application. In recent times, chemical crosslinking has emerged as an efficient tool for the study of biomolecules like proteins. It finds its application in various studies including the attachment of proteins to a solid support for the study of membrane receptors, protein-protein complexes, protein-DNA complexes, and others. When coupled with techniques like mass spectroscopy, it has been used not only for the determination of three dimensional structures of proteins but also for the study of protein-protein interactions and determination of interesting sites. This combination of mass spectrometry techniques and bioinformatics, added yet another dimension to our present day understanding of protein chemistry. Thus, chemical crosslinking has multitude uses that it can be put to. Methods: We undertook a systematic search of bibliographic databases and search engine such as Google Scholar, Scifinder, Scopus, Mendeley etc for review of research literature. We excluded research paper which only reported synthesis of crosslinker molecules and did not involve any mass spectrometry studies. Results: Sixty-four papers were included in the review. The majority of references were taken from last ten years as there has been an immense progress in this area in the recent years. Eleven classical papers in this field were included which talk about basic of this methodology. Thirty-two papers discussed about various types of organic groups used for designing chemical cross-linkers and various methodologies which were used to enhance the crosslinking efficiency. These papers also highlight various strategies used to enhance detection of cross-linked proteins and various computer software used to detect cross-linking sites from mass data. Twenty-one papers showed the proof concept application of this methodology to detect protein crosslinking in-vivo and in-vitro. Conclusion: The findings of this review confirm the importance chemical crosslinking combined with mass spectroscopy as a low cost alternative to understand protein-protein interaction. The information generated by this methodology can help in better understating of various diseases and for the development of better drugs for them.

Deep‐level transient charge spectroscopy (QDLTS) measurement is described. The technique is used to investigate energy levels of tin in Al_xG_1−xAs. The QLDTS spectra have multiple peaks which show the multilevel nature of the tin donors.