Metal cloth seals have been used increasingly in gas turbines due to their flexibility and superior leakage performance. Leakage performance of a metal cloth seal depends on operating conditions, slot and geometric dimensions. These parameters need to be investigated for the best leakage performance. In this study, pressure drop and critical geometric parameters of typical cloth seal form are investigated with an experimental setup. Slot depth, cloth width, sealing gap, shim thickness, surface roughness, pressure drop, offset and mismatch are selected parameters for the screening experiments. Sixteen experiments were conducted following a two-level Resolution IV fractional factorial experiment design for eight parameters. The results indicated that strong parameters for the leakage performance are pressure drop, cloth width, slot depth and offset. Leakage rate is increased with an increase in slot depth, gap, shim thickness, pressure drop and mismatch. During screening experiments, the experiment with minimum flow rate has 86% lower leakage rate than the experiment with maximum flow rate. For main experiments, a Box-Behnken experiment design is applied to analyze nonlinear effects of four strong parameters on the leakage rate. A closed-form equation is derived based on the data and presented in this study.

The fact that the impacts of climate change cannot be prevented in the short term has increased the importance of climate change adaptation activities, and many national and international studies have been initiated in this regard. Greywater reuse (GWR) activities have become important methods recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for adaptation to climate change. This study selects GWR from 3 different real typologies, a hotel, a residential building, and an industrial plant planned in Izmir Province of Türkiye, to design greywater systems followed by cost-benefit analyses. The applicability of GWR systems in these typologies has been analyzed, and comparisons have been made. GWR systems at the project design stage eliminate the need for installation modifications. Therefore, it is concluded that new buildings should be designed to integrate these alternative water resource systems. Recovered water through the installation of GWR systems is recommended to be used as flushing water, and the excess for garden irrigation, car washing and cleaning. The payback periods were calculated as 12 years for the hotel and industrial plant and 6 years for the residential building. The water savings were calculated as 46% for the hotel, 44% for the residential building, and 29% for the industrial plant. The results put forth the feasibility of this alternative water resource.

We explained the methodology used in setting the basic and supplementary measures for diffuse pollutants at Küçük Menderes Basin. As the majority of diffuse pollutants arise from livestock breeding and agricultural activities, we focused to propose measures regarded with tackling the pollution from agricultural activities. The types and distribution of diffuse loads were expressed by total nitrogen and phosphorous parameters. We used the results of a yearlong surface water quality monitoring involving physico-chemical, chemical and biological parameters with specific pollutants and priority substances,set in the European Union Water Framework Directive as the AquaTool input data. The AquaTool model was run for attaining the outcomes of a series of measures determined according to the ecological sensitivity of each water body. The removal efficiency of pollution loads provided by the best management practices in agricultural activities and livestock breeding were compiled from literature,and typical removal rates were further determined for the basin. We produced nine alternative scenarios at first cycle for determining compliance measures for mitigating point and diffuse sources of pollution in surface water bodies, and water quality improvements observed in the Model were reported. A number of exemptions were defined for some of the water bodies that could not achieve the environmental objectives at the end of first implementation cycle. 759 proposed measures for tackling diffuse pollution were 81% of the total measures considered. Additionally, the measures for mitigating diffuse agricultural pollution were almost equal to half of the diffuse pollutant measures, and 40% of the overall measures listed

Kısıtlı su kaynaklarının korunması ve alternatif su kaynaklarının değerlendirilmesi günümüzün önemli konuları arasında olup, ülkemizde 2023 yılında Su Verimliliği Seferberliği ilan edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda kentsel doğa temelli çözümler ve yeşil altyapı uygulamaları arasında kabul gören alternatif seçeneklerden yağmur suyu hasadı ile binalarda şebeke suyundan su tasarrufu sağlanırken doğal su kaynaklarımızın da korunmasına katkı verilebilecektir. Bu çalışmada, Antalya ve İzmir illerimizdeki 2 farklı otel kompleksinin çatılarından toplanacak yağmur suyunun tesis içerisinde özellikle sifon suyu ve yeşil alan sulamaları ile elde edilecek tasarruf oranlarının yanı sıra, yatırım ve işletme maliyetleri detaylı olarak çalışılmış ve geri ödeme süreleri hesaplanmıştır. Her 2 otel örneği de gerçek vakalar olup, İzmir’deki otel planlama aşamasındaki çok katlı tek bir bina iken Antalya’daki otel bir tatil köyü niteliğinde olup, yatayda yayılmış mevcut ve faaliyetteki bir oteldir. Antalya’daki kompleksteki çatılardan toplanabilen suyun tamamen sifon suyu olarak kullanılması düşülmüştür. Bu durumda sifon suyundan %20, toplam su tüketiminde %3 tasarruf yapılabileceği ve geri ödeme süresinin 16 yıl olduğu bulunmuştur. İzmir’deki otelde ise planlanma aşamasındaki aynı binanın faaliyette olması durumu da incelenmiş olup, geri ödeme süreleri sırasıyla 9 yıl ve 18 yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu oteldeki su tasarrufu ise %12 olmaktadır. Fizibiliteleri yapılmış bu örnekler çoğaltılabilerek birçok bina tipolojisinde uygulanabilir; hatta grisu geri kullanımı alternatifi ile birlikte değerlendirildiğinde daha fazla su tasarrufunun yanı sıra daha kısa geri ödeme süreleri söz konusu olabilmektedir.

The flow through porous metallic-cloth fibers influences the cloth seal leakage performance. Measuring the actual seal leakage proves difficult with challenging turbine operating conditions. A non-Darcian porous medium Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was employed for the flow within porous metallic-cloth fibers. CFD analyses need leakage data depending on the pressure load to calibrate flow resistance coefficients. A test rig was built to measure leakage with respect to the pressure load and weave orientation in four directions. The Sutherland-ideal gas approach was utilized to determine the flow resistance coefficients for Dutch twill metallic-cloth fibers as a function of pressure load. The results show that metallic-cloth fiber leakage is a linear function of pressure load. The best–worst order for leakage performance was the warp, diagonal, shute, and cross directions. For the best sealing performance, the flow direction in metallic-cloth fibers would be the warp direction. The flow resistance coefficients depend on the evaluation of the pressure level, which changes over the weave flow thickness. This is represented with the pressure constant (C_down). The best match between the test and CFD leakages was obtained for the weave directions of warp (0.9), shute (0.9), diagonal (0.7), and cross (0.0). Calibrating the resistance coefficients with respect to the pressure and temperature enables performing CFD analyses in turbine conditions.