In this paper we discuss the application of Raman spectroscopy to the in vitro analysis of the hydroxyapatite powder samples produced from different types of animal bone tissue during demineralization process at various acid concentrations and exposure durations. The derivation of the Raman spectrum of hydroxyapatite is attempted by the analysis of the pure powders of its known constituents. Were experimentally found spectral features of hydroxyapatite, based on analysis of the line amplitude at wave numbers 950-965 cm-1 ((РО4) 3-(ν1) vibration) and 1065-1075 cm-1 ((СO3) 2-(ν1) B-type replacement). Control of physicochemical properties of hydroxyapatite was carried out by Raman spectroscopy. Research results are compared with an infrared Fourier spectroscopy.

The results of experimental studies of the tissues of teeth with periodontitis, using the Raman spectroscopy method, are presented in this work. Spectral changes in the tissues of teeth with periodontitis were identified, and the results can be used for the correction of treatment of this disease in dental practice. Criteria for the noninvasive diagnosis of periodontitis, based on changes in tooth enamel spectral properties, were developed.

Natural biopolymers demonstrate significant bone and connective tissue-engineering application efficiency. However, the quality of the biopolymer directly depends on microstructure and biochemical properties. This study aims to investigate the biocompatibility and microstructural properties of demineralized human spongiosa Lyoplast^® (Samara, Russian Federation). The graft’s microstructural and biochemical properties were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), micro-computed tomography, Raman spectroscopy, and proteomic analysis. Furthermore, the cell adhesion property of the graft was evaluated using cell cultures and fluorescence microscopy. Microstructural analysis revealed the hierarchical porous structure of the graft with complete removal of the cellular debris and bone marrow components. Moreover, the proteomic analysis confirmed the preservation of collagen and extracellular proteins, stimulating and inhibiting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. We revealed the adhesion of chondroblast cell cultures in vitro without any evidence of cytotoxicity. According to the study results, demineralized human spongiosa Lyoplast^® can be effectively used as the bioactive scaffold for articular hyaline cartilage tissue engineering.

The results of experimental studies of bone tissue in models of osteoporosis are presented, and the effectiveness of the correction of this pathological condition using allogeneic hydroxyapatite is evaluated by Raman spectroscopy. During the studies, Raman spectra of the cancellous and cortical bone tissues were obtained and the spectra were deconvolved into bands using the Gaussian function. The introduced coefficients make it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of various doses of hydroxyapatite (10, 20, 30 mg/kg) for the correction of osteoresorption in models of osteoporosis by ovariectomy. It was established that, in contrast to the cortical bone, pronounced changes in the coefficients I₁₀₆₉/I₁₇₃₉, I₈₅₀/I₁₇₃₉, and I₁₂₄₃/I₁₇₃₉ were not observed in the cancellous bone. The introduction of a suspension of hydroxyapatite showed that during the indicated treatment period, the consequences of ovariectomy can be reversed by 40%–60% for the cancellous bone and almost completely for the cortical bone (70%–100%).

This work presents the results of experimental studies of aortic implants using Raman spectroscopy method (RS). The features of Raman spectra of aortic implants, made by two different protocols, were obtained. Were introduced optical coefficients that allow to monitor the content of main components in aortic implants during manufacturing process and to assess the quality of their processing.