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In this study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Salicornia herbacea were evaluated. The crude CH₂Cl₂/methanol extract of S. herbacea showed 52% and 86% scavenging activities of the authentic ONOO⁻ and ONOO⁻ from 3-morpholinosydnomimine (SIN-1) at a concentration of 50 μg/mL, respectively, and was subjected to a further fractionation with n-hexane, 85% aqueous methanol, n-butanol, and water. Additional purification of the n-butanol fraction revealed that the most potent scavenging activity led to the isolation of isorhamnetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside as the active principle. The structure of isorhamnetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside was elucidated by extensive two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance experiments such as ¹H correlation spectroscopy nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, heteronuclear single quantum correlation, and heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation as well as by comparison with the published spectral data. Isorhamnetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside exhibited dose-dependent scavenging activities of the authentic ONOO⁻ and ONOO⁻ from SIN-1. The electron spin resonance spin-trap techniques confirmed that reactive oxygen species, including the hydroxyl, superoxide, carbon-centered, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, were actively quenched by addition of isorhamnetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside. In addition, isorhamnetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside suppressed the lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production and the expression of cytokines such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β in Raw 264.7 cells. Findings from this study should underscore the nutraceutical value of S. herbacea-derived isorhamnetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside as a potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agent via alleviation of radical-induced toxicities and pro-inflammatory responses.

In the present study, we extracted Corydalis heterocarpa with various solvents in order to find the bioactive constituents that demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects. We isolated the active compound, Columbianetin. Anti-inflammatory effect of Columbianetin has been reported but the precise effects of Columbianetin in experimental models have remained unknown. In the present study, we investigate the effect of Columbianetin on the production of histamine, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by using the human mast cell line (HMC-1). Various concentrations of Columbianetin were treated before the activation of HMC-1 cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore, A23187. PMA plus A23187 significantly increased IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α production compared with media control (p<0.05). We also show that the increased cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α level was significantly inhibited by Columbianetin in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). Maximal inhibition rates of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α production by Columbianetin were about 102.6%, 101.1%, 95.8%, and 103.9%, respectively. Columbianetin inhibited expression of COX-2. In addition, the effect of Columbianetin was investigated on the histamine release from HMC-1 stimulated by substance P, which promotes histamine release. Columbianetin also inhibited the histamine release by substance P. In conclusion, these results indicate that Columbianetin may be helpful in regulating mast cell-mediated allergic inflammatory responses.