To explore a potential conflict between air breathing and acid-base regulation in the bowfin (Amia calva), we examined how individuals with access to air differed from fish without air access in their response to acidosis. After exhaustive exercise, bowfin with access to air recovered significantly more slowly from the acidosis than fish without air access. While arterial blood pH (pH(a)) of fish without air access recovered to resting levels by 8 h, pH(a) was still significantly depressed in fish having access to air. In addition, Pco(2) was slightly more elevated in fish having air access than those without it. Fish with access to air still had a significant metabolic acid load after 8-h recovery, while those without air access completely cleared the load within 4 h. These results suggest that bowfin with access to air were breathing air and, consequently, were less able to excrete CO(2) and H(+) and experienced a delayed recovery. In contrast, during exposure to low pH, air breathing seemed to have a protective effect on acid-base status in bowfin. During exposure to low pH water, bowfin with access to air developed a much milder acidosis than bowfin without air access. The more severe acidosis in fish without air access was caused by an increased rate of lactic acid production. It appears that enhanced O(2) delivery allowed air-breathing bowfin to avoid acidosis-induced anaerobic metabolism and lactic acid production. In addition, during low pH exposure, plasma Na(+) and Cl(-) concentrations of fish without air access fell slightly more rapidly than those in fish with air access, indicating that the branchial ventilatory changes associated with air breathing limited, to some degree, ion losses associated with low pH exposure.

Reiter, M. E., E. Palacios, D. Eusse-Gonzalez, R. Johnston, P. Davidson, D. W. Bradley, R. Clay, K. M. Strum, J. Chu, B. A. Barbaree, C. M. Hickey, D. B. Lank, M. Drever, R. C. Ydenberg, and R. Butler. 2020. A monitoring framework for assessing threats to nonbreeding shorebirds on the Pacific Coast of the Americas. Avian Conservation and Ecology 15(2):7. https://doi.org/10.5751/ACE-01620-150207

11 % de las aves playeras del corredor migratorio del Pacífico americano están disminuyendo y otro 46 % no cuenta con información para estimar su estado poblacional. Para entender la magnitud y las causas de estos cambios, se requiere información de sitios de concentración como la bocana de Iscuandé (IS) y el Parque Nacional Natural Sanquianga (PNNS). Para caracterizar la composición de las comunidades de aves playeras en estos sitios, se analizaron diez años de conteo. A partir de la abundancia proporcional, la prevalencia y la densidad media de cada localidad, se evaluó si existían diferencias entre sitios con diferente influencia marina y del río Patía. IS aportó el 63 % de la abundancia promedio, siendo el 80 % aves playeras pequeñas. En PNNS, la abundancia se repartió 40-60 % entre aves grandes y pequeñas, y la contribución de cada bocana fue proporcional al área muestreada. Estos resultados muestran que los dos sitios tienen comunidades diferentes de aves playeras. Esta heterogeneidad espacial tiene importantes implicaciones ecológicas y de conservación. El recambio en la composición taxonómica y por grupos de tamaño de aves playeras sugiere diferencias en el hábitat intermareal y en los organismos que lo habitan, lo que ofrece alternativas para la conservación de diferentes especies.