Since the 1980s, women have become joint breadwinners in many households in Spain. This study analyzes whether this change in the labor force participation rate of Spanish women has substantially modified strategies for meeting household needs. Using the 2002–3 Spanish Time Use Survey, this study examines the total (paid and unpaid) work time devoted to satisfying the direct care needs of individuals and the determinants of women's and men's participation in housework. These findings are compared with the hypotheses advanced in the literature. The results show that the new social conditions have only slightly modified men's behavior, but that the care strategies women adopt have changed substantially. Although still responsible for care, women now externalize part of this commitment either via the market if their wages permit or by seeking help inside the family. The study concludes by discussing the public policy implications of the findings.

Este artículo analiza comparativamente las brechas de género en el trabajo no remunerado realizado en los hogares en Argentina, Chile y España. Concretamente, se analiza la distribución del trabajo doméstico y de cuidados entre los miembros del hogar a partir del análisis del uso del tiempo, y se profundiza en los factores explicativos de la distribución del trabajo doméstico y de cuidados. Utilizando datos de encuestas nacionales del uso del tiempo (EET-2010 de España; TRN-2013 de Argentina y ENUT-2015 de Chile), se estima un modelo de regresión en una muestra de hogares de parejas de doble ingreso. Además, se complementa con el análisis de los factores macrosociales que inciden en la brecha de género. Los resultados muestran que en los tres países las mujeres realizan el 70 % del trabajo doméstico y de cuidados del hogar. Respecto a los factores explicativos, la debilidad de las variables relacionadas con los recursos relativos incide en la necesidad de incorporar la perspectiva teórica de los roles de género y los elementos contextuales para dar cuenta de la brecha de género en el interior de los hogares. La relevancia de la disponibilidad de tiempos y el aporte de ingresos de las mujeres señalan la importancia de acciones que procuren una mayor independencia económica de las mujeres y el fortalecimiento de marcos legales que resguarden condiciones salariales igualitarias, ya que constituyen aspectos que inciden en los determinantes de la división del trabajo doméstico y de cuidados revisados en este trabajo.

In recent decades, time-use diaries have emerged as useful tools for recording information on the amount of time that people devote to various activities. Debate remains, however, about whether there are significant differences between the results given by diaries and the results given by questionnaires regarding the share of unpaid labour in the household, in particular the differences between men and women. This paper is a contribution to that debate and widens the focus to consider another type of survey that contains questions that do not call for the measurement of time devoted to housework and caregiving, but rather explore people’s perceptions of the percentage of total housework that they perform.

Degree transfer is understood as the increasingly common phenomenon among students of changing university degrees or university, especially after the first or second years of the degree. The profile of students who transfer (3,861students, 8.3% of students) is constructed based on microdata from the University Pre-enrolment Register of Catalonia and an explanatory model is validated by means of Multivariate Logistic Regression. Transfer refers to both changing the area of knowledge or the university and occurs most frequently in engineering, experimental sciences and social sciences degrees. The profile of the student who transfers is male, does not balance paid employment with studying, has completed baccalaureate in a private or a state-funded private school, and is upper middle class with both parents with a higher-level education working in higher management positions or liberal occupations. His level of use of social networks and digital communication tools is very high.

Agencia femenina en los procesos migratorios internacionales: una aproximación epistemológica