Current data report that high levels of dental anxiety in children have a negative impact on oral health. The aim of this study was to measure dental anxiety, based on the Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS) used as a self-reported measure and to correlate its values with the salivary cortisol levels. The study was conducted in 2019 and included 389 children aged 6–9 years old; evaluation of dental anxiety and saliva sampling were performed. The influence of gender on the presence of dental anxiety was analyzed using Fisher’s exact test, the salivary cortisol level was compared between anxious and non-anxious children and was further correlated with the ACDAS score (p < 0.05). Girls had higher odds of experiencing dental anxiety (odds ratio: 1.533, p = 0.041). Salivary cortisol levels were higher in anxious compared to non-anxious children (median 1.251 vs. 1.091 ng/mL, p < 0.001) and showed a positive moderate correlation with the ACDAS score (r = 0.411, p < 0.001). Children aged 6–9 years have a high prevalence of dental anxiety, with girls being more susceptible to this condition. Salivary cortisol levels are higher in anxious children and correlate positively with the ACDAS score, proving that ACDAS can be used for the detection of dental anxiety.

Background: severe carotid artery stenosis is a major cause of ischemic stroke and consequent neurological deficits. The most important steps of atherosclerotic plaque development, leading to carotid stenosis, are well-known; however, their exact timeline and intricate causal relationships need to be more characterized. Methods: in a cohort of 119 patients, who underwent carotid endarterectomy, we studied the histological correlations between arterial calcification patterns and localization, the presence of the inflammatory infiltrate and osteopontin expression, with ulceration, thrombosis, and intra-plaque hemorrhage, as direct signs of vulnerability. Results: in patients with an inflammatory infiltrate, aphasia was more prevalent, and microcalcification, superficial calcification, and high-grade osteopontin expression were characteristic. Higher osteopontin expression was also correlated with the presence of a lipid core. Inflammation and microcalcification were significantly associated with plaque ulceration in logistic regression models; furthermore, ulceration and the inflammatory infiltrate were significant determinants of atherothrombosis. Conclusion: our results bring histological evidence for the critically important role of microcalcification and inflammatory cell invasion in the formation and destabilization of advanced carotid plaques. In addition, as a calcification organizer, high-grade osteopontin expression is associated with ulceration, the presence of a large lipid core, and may also have an intrinsic role in plaque progression.

Primary cutaneous melanoma (PCM) is the most aggressive skin malignancy, with an increasing incidence and significant mortality. Tumoral invasion, expressed as Breslow thickness, is routinely assessed on hematoxylin and eosin (HE), although this stain may sometimes underestimate the tumoral depth. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of the immunohistochemical (IHC) markers S-100, SOX10, Melan-A, and HMB-45 with HE for the evaluation of the Breslow thickness and staging of PCM. This retrospective study included 46 cases of PCM diagnosed between 2015 and 2022; for each case, the Breslow thickness using HE, S-100, SOX10, Melan-A, and HMB-45 was measured and the appropriate T category was recorded. The highest values of the Breslow thickness were observed for S-100. However, S-100, SOX10, and Melan-A provided statistically significant higher values of the Breslow thickness compared to HE, but no difference was noted between HMB-45 and HE. S-100 was most frequently involved in increasing the T category (26.1%), the majority of cases being upstaged from T1a to T1b. The IHC markers S-100, SOX10, and Melan-A contributed to better evaluation of the melanoma invasion, especially in thin melanomas, but their impact on staging and consecutive treatment remains to be confirmed by future studies.

Background: Schizophrenia is one of the most severe disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) spectrum. Negative automatic thoughts (NAT), cognitive fusion (CF), and experiential avoidance (EA), as part of psychological inflexibility (PI), can be considered important dysfunctional cognitive processes in schizophrenia. Methods: In the present study, two samples were included: a target group consisting of 41 people with schizophrenia (23 females; aged 44.98 ± 11.74), and a control group consisting of 40 individuals with end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) (27 males; aged 60.38 ± 9.14). Results: Differences were found between the two groups, with patients with schizophrenia showing an increased frequency of NAT, as well as higher levels of CF and EA (psychological inflexibility), compared to the control group. NAT were the mediator in the relation between the schizophrenia diagnosis and CF, as well as EA. Conclusion: Individuals with schizophrenia present a specific dysfunctional pattern of cognitive functioning, in which negative automatic thoughts represent a distinctive pathway to cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance.

Background and Objectives: Defined by chronic pain, rheumatic diseases are often co-occurring with anxiety and depression. Among the available psychological interventions, cognitive-behavioral therapies have an already-proven efficiency in these cases. However, the need to adjust their structure became ubiquitous during the post-pandemic period. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of a single-session, process-based cognitive-behavioral intervention for patients with rheumatic conditions within an in-patient setting. Materials and Methods: A total of 31 participants (mean age 58.9 years) completed the single-session intervention. Assessments were conducted prior to the intervention, post-intervention and after one month. Results: Pearson’s correlations, paired samples T tests and a covariance analysis based on the Linear Mixed Model were performed for exploring the relations between baseline variables and evaluating the impact of the SSI intervention. Immediately after the intervention, a significant reduction in cognitive fusion (p = 0.001, d = 1.78), experiential avoidance (p = 0.001, d = 1.4) and dysfunctional behavioral processes was observed. At the one-month evaluation, participants reported decreased pain (p = 0.001, d = 1.11), anxiety (p = 0.004, d = 0.55) and depression (p = 0.001, d = 0.72). Conclusions: The single-session, process-based approach represents a promising intervention in healthcare contexts, as an integrative part of a multimodal rehabilitation treatment in patients with rheumatic conditions.

This study aimed to investigate possible associations of the susceptibility to congenital heart defects (CHDs) with AXIN1 rs1805105, rs12921862 and rs370681 gene variants and haplotypes, and AXIN2 rs2240308 gene variant. Significant associations were identified for AXIN1 rs370681 and AXIN2 rs2240308 variants. AXIN1 rs370681 variant was significantly associated with decreased odds of CHDs (adjusted OR varying from 0.13 to 0.28 in codominant, dominant and recessive gene models), while the AXIN2 rs2240308 variant was associated with increased odds of CHD in the dominant model. The haplotype-based generalized linear model regression of AXIN1 rs1805105, rs12921862 and rs370681 variants revealed that C-C-C and C-C-T haplotypes significantly increased the risk of CHDs (p < 0.05). No significant second order epistatic interactions were found between investigated variants (AXIN1 rs1805105, rs12921862, rs370681, and AXIN2 rs2240308). Our conclusion is that AXIN1 rs1805105, rs12921862, and rs370681 (C-C-C and C-C-T) haplotypes and AXIN2 rs2240308 contribute to CHDs susceptibility.