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Dr. Suren Kulshreshtha
Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics (AREc), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B5, Canada

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0 Sustainable Agriculture
0 economic impact analysis
0 Environmental assessment (economic)
0 Agriculture and resources
0 Adoption of new technologies

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Journal article
Published: 31 July 2021 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Shelterbelts are rows of trees planted around farmyards and field for protection against soil erosion, promotion of biodiversity and wildlife habitat. Additionally, to carbon sequestration through growth in tree biomass and carbon sinks in agricultural soil. In recent years, removal of shelterbelts has become more common, as crop land is preferred under higher crop prices, resulting in increased GHG emissions and decreases in carbon sinks. It is likely that landowners are making decisions without the knowledge of carbon sequestered by these trees. In this study, the level of carbon sequestration for the six common shelterbelt tree species found in Saskatchewan (hybrid poplar, green ash, Manitoba maple, Scots pine, white spruce, and caragana) was estimated using a carbon - life cycle analysis method. Net amount of carbon sequestered was estimated for five sequestration/emission stages – 1) seedling production, 2) transportation of seedlings to farm, 3) planting, 4) maintenance, and 5) growth of shelterbelts on farm. Since some landowners are removing shelterbelts, a removal stage was also included. During removal of shelterbelts, CO2 emissions were produced through: (i) physical process of removing the trees and subsequent burning of the wood; and (ii) loss of soil carbon after the removal over a long period of time. The functional unit for the analysis was one linear kilometer of shelterbelt, the normal structure of shelterbelts on agricultural land. All emissions/sequestration levels were measured as carbon dioxide (CO2) by multiplying the molecular weight of carbon dioxide to that of carbon (44/12). Other than the growth stage of shelterbelts, all other stages contributed net greenhouse gas emissions, which offset by carbon sequestration during tree growth. Hybrid poplar is a rapidly growing tree and sequesters the most carbon of the six species in all soil zones. A one km long hybrid poplar shelterbelt sequestered upwards of 1923 t CO2 by age 60 years in the Brown soil zone, compared to 2086 t CO2 over the same period in the Black soil zone. In comparison, in the Brown soil zone, Manitoba maple and white spruce sequestered 756 and 732 t CO2, respectively over the same period. If a landowner decides to remove a 60-year-old shelterbelt, 1205 t CO2 is lost within a short period after removal, whereas 718 t of remaining CO2 is retained as dead organic matter, which is slowly released over a period. Although field shelterbelts may emit greenhouse gases in the earlier stages of development, overall, they are net sinks of carbon and can therefore play a significant role in Canada's plan to reduce GHG emissions from agriculture.

ACS Style

Lindsey Rudd; Suren Kulshreshtha; Ken Belcher; Beyhan Amichev. Carbon life cycle assessment of shelterbelts in Saskatchewan, Canada. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 297, 113400 .

AMA Style

Lindsey Rudd, Suren Kulshreshtha, Ken Belcher, Beyhan Amichev. Carbon life cycle assessment of shelterbelts in Saskatchewan, Canada. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 297 ():113400.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lindsey Rudd; Suren Kulshreshtha; Ken Belcher; Beyhan Amichev. 2021. "Carbon life cycle assessment of shelterbelts in Saskatchewan, Canada." Journal of Environmental Management 297, no. : 113400.

Journal article
Published: 06 March 2021 in Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques
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Water table management is a recommended practice to maintain crop production in Eastern Canada. Grain corn is highly susceptible under climate change and adoption of better management practices is almost a necessity. Use of controlled drainage with sub-irrigation is one of the practices recommended. A major question is whether farmers would adopt this practice. Since adoption of new practices often depend on their impact on farm net returns, an economic analysis of controlled drainage with sub-irrigation was undertaken. Results suggest that on grain producing farms, this technology is only slightly superior to the baseline technology of conventional drainage system.

ACS Style

Mariela M. Marmanilo; Suren N. Kulshreshtha; Chandra A. Madramootoo. Economic analysis of the controlled drainage with sub-irrigation system: a case study of grain-producing farms in Quebec and Ontario. Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques 2021, 46, 38 -51.

AMA Style

Mariela M. Marmanilo, Suren N. Kulshreshtha, Chandra A. Madramootoo. Economic analysis of the controlled drainage with sub-irrigation system: a case study of grain-producing farms in Quebec and Ontario. Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques. 2021; 46 (1-2):38-51.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariela M. Marmanilo; Suren N. Kulshreshtha; Chandra A. Madramootoo. 2021. "Economic analysis of the controlled drainage with sub-irrigation system: a case study of grain-producing farms in Quebec and Ontario." Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques 46, no. 1-2: 38-51.

Chapter
Published: 19 September 2020 in Resources Use Efficiency in Agriculture
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Resource limitations in the agricultural sector for achieving food production is one of the most critical challenges for planners and policymakers in many countries including Iran. Optimal use of available resources is one of the ways to overcome these limitations. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting technical efficiency of resource use in the agricultural sector. Classic Regression Robust (CLR) and Two Limit Tobit (TLT), M, MM and S regression were used to explore the effects of estimation techniques and study characteristics on Mean Technical Efficiency (MTE) level. The results are based on a total of 55 studies covering the 1994–2015 period. The econometric results indicate that year of publication, agronomic production, the functional form assumed for estimation (such as Stochastic Frontier production Function, Cobb–Douglas and Translog function) have a positive effect on the estimated MTE. On the other hand, livestock production, sample size and some model variables and cross-section have an adverse impact. Farms with livestock production have their MTE lowered by 0.03–0.06 units. Similarly, farms located in cold and humid climate regions had a lower MTE by 0.08–0.12 units. However, studies for the cold and mountainous regions reported higher MTE by 0.03–0.06. According to research results, we suggest that to achieve an overall result, policymakers and researchers can use Meta-regression analysis along with other models.

ACS Style

Mohammad Ghorbani; Suren(Dra) Kulshreshtha; R. Radmehr; F. Habibi. Technical Efficiency in Agriculture. Resources Use Efficiency in Agriculture 2020, 329 -347.

AMA Style

Mohammad Ghorbani, Suren(Dra) Kulshreshtha, R. Radmehr, F. Habibi. Technical Efficiency in Agriculture. Resources Use Efficiency in Agriculture. 2020; ():329-347.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Ghorbani; Suren(Dra) Kulshreshtha; R. Radmehr; F. Habibi. 2020. "Technical Efficiency in Agriculture." Resources Use Efficiency in Agriculture , no. : 329-347.

Journal article
Published: 13 March 2020 in Agronomy & Agricultural Science
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ACS Style

Surendra Kulshreshtha; University of Saskatchewan. Identification Of Bio-Components Influencing Wheat Yields: Application Of Spatial Regression Model. Agronomy & Agricultural Science 2020, 3, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Surendra Kulshreshtha, University of Saskatchewan. Identification Of Bio-Components Influencing Wheat Yields: Application Of Spatial Regression Model. Agronomy & Agricultural Science. 2020; 3 (1):1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Surendra Kulshreshtha; University of Saskatchewan. 2020. "Identification Of Bio-Components Influencing Wheat Yields: Application Of Spatial Regression Model." Agronomy & Agricultural Science 3, no. 1: 1-8.

Book chapter
Published: 06 November 2019 in Climate Change and Agriculture
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The Prairie Region, consisting of the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta, is a major agricultural region of Canada. Climate change will have a significant impact on its agriculture and through these changes on related industries in the region, as well as on other parts of Canada and rest of the world. This study is a synthesis of literature on various aspects of climate change—impacts, adaptation, and knowledge gaps for the Prairie Region. These impacts include potential to increase crop production through higher yields, improved livestock productivity, and higher income for producers through higher export sales. Agriculture may also expand to higher latitude areas that are currently not capable of sustaining such an activity. However, the dampening effect on the region would be through higher frequency of extreme events—droughts and floods. In spite of positive effect of climate change on the region, adaptation to climate change by producers will be virtually necessary. Producers are willing to adopt such measures, although there are major knowledge gaps in how climate change would affect and how one can adapt to it. Major uncertainties are carbon fertilization, ability of northern areas to sustain production with shifting ecozones, and impact of new pest and diseases, among others, which may affect the degree of resiliency of the prairie agriculture to climate change. This review concludes that the prairie agriculture is resilient except under prolong and intense extreme events and lack of adaptation to them.

ACS Style

Surendra Kulshreshtha. Resiliency of Prairie Agriculture to Climate Change. Climate Change and Agriculture 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Surendra Kulshreshtha. Resiliency of Prairie Agriculture to Climate Change. Climate Change and Agriculture. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Surendra Kulshreshtha. 2019. "Resiliency of Prairie Agriculture to Climate Change." Climate Change and Agriculture , no. : 1.

Book chapter
Published: 30 October 2019 in Agricultural Economics - Current Issues
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Open access peer-reviewed chapter

ACS Style

Surendra N. Kulshreshtha. Introductory Chapter: Agricultural Economics. Agricultural Economics - Current Issues 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Surendra N. Kulshreshtha. Introductory Chapter: Agricultural Economics. Agricultural Economics - Current Issues. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Surendra N. Kulshreshtha. 2019. "Introductory Chapter: Agricultural Economics." Agricultural Economics - Current Issues , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 15 May 2019 in Agricultural Water Management
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Water markets in developing countries are difficult to implement due to social, environmental, and technical restrictions. However, the primary concern in irrigation districts with a lack of a functioning market mechanism is the economically efficient allocation of water. In this light, the objective of this study is the development of an Economic-Operational framework that could be used for the most economically efficient allocation of water. This framework is expected to provide an infrastructure for delivering volumetric mutually-related main economic components: Positive Mathematical Programing (PMP) and the Model Predictive Control (MPC) which is added as an operational model component. The economic model (PMP) simulates the existing conditions surrounding the agricultural activities and calculates the agricultural sector’s income, as well as the economic value of water, considering current cropping patterns and the economic value of water. Consequently, the operational model (MPC) distributes and delivers water to the agricultural units based on the weighted average of water’s economic value. Operational performance of the entire canal system is then assessed based on the customized operational assessment indicators for developing the framework. Finally, the last part of the framework includes performance evaluation of the approach introduced in the present study with respect to sustainable development goals, using the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method. For this purpose, the effect of any changes in the calculated volume of water, through employing the framework, on the economic, social, and environmental indicators can be observed. This framework is expected to provide a guideline for the water authorities in ranking the inter-sectoral impacts of economic, social, and environmental effects of the operational scenarios. The developed framework provides a mechanism in which managers and planners of irrigation districts can test and assess their policies in different schemes before implementation. Also, the framework will produce the economic results of possible actions of farmers involving different managerial, climatic, and agricultural scenarios. The developed framework is then tested on the Roodasht Irrigation District, located in the semi-arid region in Iran. The simulation results are then examined.

ACS Style

Yousef Hassani; Seied Mehdy Hashemy Shahdany; J.M. Maestre; Banafsheh Zahraie; Mohammad Ghorbani; Shida Rastegari Henneberry; Suren N. Kulshreshtha. An economic-operational framework for optimum agricultural water distribution in irrigation districts without water marketing. Agricultural Water Management 2019, 221, 348 -361.

AMA Style

Yousef Hassani, Seied Mehdy Hashemy Shahdany, J.M. Maestre, Banafsheh Zahraie, Mohammad Ghorbani, Shida Rastegari Henneberry, Suren N. Kulshreshtha. An economic-operational framework for optimum agricultural water distribution in irrigation districts without water marketing. Agricultural Water Management. 2019; 221 ():348-361.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yousef Hassani; Seied Mehdy Hashemy Shahdany; J.M. Maestre; Banafsheh Zahraie; Mohammad Ghorbani; Shida Rastegari Henneberry; Suren N. Kulshreshtha. 2019. "An economic-operational framework for optimum agricultural water distribution in irrigation districts without water marketing." Agricultural Water Management 221, no. : 348-361.

Journal article
Published: 06 June 2017 in Sustainability
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As the climate changes, the effects of agriculture on the environment may change. In the future, an increasing frequency of climate extremes, such as droughts, heat waves, and excess moisture, is expected. Past research on the interaction between environment and resources has focused on climate change effects on various sectors, including agricultural production (especially crop production), but research on the effects of climate change using agri-environmental indicators (AEI) of environmental sustainability of agriculture is limited. The aim of this paper was to begin to address this knowledge gap by exploring the effects of future drought and excess moisture on environmental sustainability of agriculture. Methods included the use of a conceptual framework, literature reviews, and an examination of the climate sensitivities of the AEI models. The AEIs assessed were those for the themes of soil and water quality, and farmland management as developed by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Additional indicators included one for desertification and another for water supply and demand. The study area was the agricultural region of the Canadian Prairie Provinces. We found that the performance of several indicators would likely decrease in a warming climate with more extremes. These indicators with declining performances included risks for soil erosion, soil salinization, desertification, water quality and quantity, and soil contamination. Preliminary trends of other indicators such as farmland management were not clear. AEIs are important tools for measuring climate impacts on the environmental sustainability of agriculture. They also indicate the success of adaptation measures and suggest areas of operational and policy development. Therefore, continued reporting and enhancement of these indicators is recommended.

ACS Style

Elaine Wheaton; Suren Kulshreshtha. Environmental Sustainability of Agriculture Stressed by Changing Extremes of Drought and Excess Moisture: A Conceptual Review. Sustainability 2017, 9, 970 .

AMA Style

Elaine Wheaton, Suren Kulshreshtha. Environmental Sustainability of Agriculture Stressed by Changing Extremes of Drought and Excess Moisture: A Conceptual Review. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (6):970.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elaine Wheaton; Suren Kulshreshtha. 2017. "Environmental Sustainability of Agriculture Stressed by Changing Extremes of Drought and Excess Moisture: A Conceptual Review." Sustainability 9, no. 6: 970.

Review
Published: 16 March 2017 in Canadian Journal of Soil Science
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The role of shelterbelts within prairie agriculture is changing. In the past, shelterbelts have been promoted and adopted for soil stabilization and their ability to protect farmsteads and livestock from harsh prairie climates. In today’s agricultural landscape, advances in production technology accompanied with an increase in farm size, and changes to policy have changed the circumstances in which decisions are made regarding shelterbelts. The objective of this research was to identify the perceived costs and benefits from adoption and retention of shelterbelts by agricultural producers in Saskatchewan, Canada. In the summer of 2013, a survey was conducted of producers and land owners from the province of Saskatchewan (and a few from Alberta). It was found that many of the benefits of shelterbelts are non-economic and more difficult for producers and land owners to recognize within their operations, although costs to producers were easily identified. Going forward, shelterbelts have the potential to play a major role in climate change mitigation by sequestering significant amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) into the soil and as biomass carbon in aboveground and belowground parts of planted shelterbelt trees or shrubs. However, most producers do not recognize such benefits.

ACS Style

Janell Rempel; S Kulshreshtha; Beyhan Y Amichev; Ken Van Rees. Costs and benefits of shelterbelts: A review of producers' perception and min map analysis for Saskatchewan, Canada. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Janell Rempel, S Kulshreshtha, Beyhan Y Amichev, Ken Van Rees. Costs and benefits of shelterbelts: A review of producers' perception and min map analysis for Saskatchewan, Canada. Canadian Journal of Soil Science. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Janell Rempel; S Kulshreshtha; Beyhan Y Amichev; Ken Van Rees. 2017. "Costs and benefits of shelterbelts: A review of producers' perception and min map analysis for Saskatchewan, Canada." Canadian Journal of Soil Science , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 23 August 2016 in Canadian Journal of Soil Science
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Forages are an important part of crop rotations in many agricultural systems. In Manitoba, Canada, almost 40% of the 7 million ha agricultural area is devoted to forage crops and pastures. Use of legume forages to reduce fertilizer cost to producers can improve soil quality and productivity and may provide more options for diversification of the agricultural production system. We tested that whether a twofold increase in forage production for feeding beef cattle would change greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the agriculture and agri-food system and economic returns at the farm in the year 2011. The forage resulting from the increased production was fed to beef cattle. The GHG emissions were calculated using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Tiers 1 and 2 methodologies and economic returns through an optimization algorithm maximizing net financial margin. The results suggest that the economic effects, in terms of farm-level profitability, may be minimal (decrease of 0.6%) but are likely sensitive to the market conditions in different years. Doubling the forage area and increasing the cattle herd increased GHG emissions from agriculture by 7.6%, mostly because of methane from enteric fermentation by cattle. The GHG emissions were mitigated by carbon sequestration in soil, but this is likely ephemeral, suggesting that the longer term emissions would be even greater. However, a twofold increase in forage production implies less energy use, change in water dynamics, and a reduction in the use of nitrogenous fertilizer, which could be beneficial for ecosystem services, and needs to be assessed.

ACS Style

S Kulshreshtha; Charles Grant; Brian Amiro; Kim Ominski; Getahun Legesse; Aklilu Alemu. Economic and greenhouse gas emissions impacts of doubling of ofrage area in Manitoba, Canada. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 2016, 1 .

AMA Style

S Kulshreshtha, Charles Grant, Brian Amiro, Kim Ominski, Getahun Legesse, Aklilu Alemu. Economic and greenhouse gas emissions impacts of doubling of ofrage area in Manitoba, Canada. Canadian Journal of Soil Science. 2016; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S Kulshreshtha; Charles Grant; Brian Amiro; Kim Ominski; Getahun Legesse; Aklilu Alemu. 2016. "Economic and greenhouse gas emissions impacts of doubling of ofrage area in Manitoba, Canada." Canadian Journal of Soil Science , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development
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Water is being recognized as an increasingly valuable natural resource, requiring evermore complex and challenging decision-making. Forecasts under probable scenarios have the potential to inform development of comprehensive water management strategies. This study was conducted to determine the current and future community level (domestic plus municipal) water use across Saskatchewan, fewer than three different scenarios: business as usual, climate change, and water conservation. These water uses were estimated at four different temporal scales-2010, 2020, 2040, 2060, as well as at three different spatial scales-community, river basin and province. The methodology for the estimation of these water uses was designed by estimating population for various communities and their respective water use on a per capita basis, with adjusted water use coefficients for the climate change and conservation scenarios. Trend analysis was undertaken using time series data for the period 1995 to 2009. Results indicate that in 2010 a total of 166,919 dam3 (equivalent to 44,158 U.S. gallons) of water was required to meet these uses which would increase to 206,530 dam3 (or 54,638 U.S. gallons) by 2060-an increase of 23.7%. Furthermore, climate change could bring forth a further increase in this use of nearly 6% over the baseline scenario by 2060, while with adoption of water conservation practices, the 2060 level of community water use could be reduced by 12.5%.

ACS Style

Ana-Maria Bogdan; Suren Kulshreshtha. Temporal and Spatial Scale Community Level Water Use in Saskatchewan. Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development 2016, 07, 1 .

AMA Style

Ana-Maria Bogdan, Suren Kulshreshtha. Temporal and Spatial Scale Community Level Water Use in Saskatchewan. Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development. 2016; 07 (02):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana-Maria Bogdan; Suren Kulshreshtha. 2016. "Temporal and Spatial Scale Community Level Water Use in Saskatchewan." Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development 07, no. 02: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change
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As climate is an uncontrollable yet essential input in the agriculture industry, the impact of climate change may have on crop production in Saskatchewan is of importance. The main objective of this study is to investigate how farmers would adapt to climate change by switching their crop mix under future climate change scenarios. A fractional multinomial logit (FMNL) model was used to assess how total area of cropland has changed over a thirty year time period. The panel data included variables to represent the land characteristics of Saskatchewan, climatic variables, and price and policy variables in order to assess how average seeded area of each crop group changed. The results indicate that crop allocation depends largely on the price of other crop groups and temperatures in the spring (April) and summer (July). Climate plays an important role in the major crop groups, such as wheat, canola and pulses. Cool, dry springs are the ideal conditions when choosing nearly all crops, while hot, wet summers increase the choice to leave land to summerfallow. Policy and the different soil zones also play a significant role in area allocation decisions. Changes in policies such as the removal of the Crow’s Nest Pass Agreement, and the removal of oats from the Canadian wheat board (CWB) marketing, had a negative impact on the choice to grow wheat, as expected. The different soil zones in Saskatchewan played an important role in area allocation for a majority of the crops, having a negative effect on the choice of wheat over every other crop group except pulses and summerfallow. Three future climate change scenarios were simulated for each soil zone. Results indicate that under the projected changes in climate area allocated to wheat will continue to decrease into the future by 2.7 to 4.6% in various soil zones. At the same time, the area left to summerfallow is projected to increase under climate change. The choice of wheat is preferred over pulses, feed and forages, while the choice of specialty oilseeds (flaxseed, mustard seed and canary seed) are projected to become preferred over wheat in the future.

ACS Style

Jolene Grise; Suren Kulshreshtha. Farmers’ Choice of Crops in Canadian Prairies under Climate Change: An Econometric Analysis. Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change 2015, 7, 1 .

AMA Style

Jolene Grise, Suren Kulshreshtha. Farmers’ Choice of Crops in Canadian Prairies under Climate Change: An Econometric Analysis. Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change. 2015; 7 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jolene Grise; Suren Kulshreshtha. 2015. "Farmers’ Choice of Crops in Canadian Prairies under Climate Change: An Econometric Analysis." Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change 7, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Irrigation & Drainage Systems Engineering
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Irrigation development in semi-arid regions provides benefits for producers as well as many others who reside in the region. Although a common perception exists that irrigation benefits only irrigation producers, a study carried out by Paterson Earth and Water Consulting Ltd showed that irrigation positively impacts many more sectors of the Alberta economy than just irrigation producers. Compared to dry land (rain fed) agriculture, irrigation creates increased employment and economic activity through the purchase of additional farm inputs as well as processing of agricultural products. Multi-use water storage reservoirs, which support irrigation agriculture, provide societal benefits through recreation, hydropower generation, and water supply for habitat development, communities and industries. This study estimated that Alberta’s irrigation industry, which represents less than 5% of the cultivated land base, generates about $3.6 billion to the provincial gross domestic product (GDP), accounting for about 20% of the total agri-food sector GDP. It is also responsible for generating about $2.4 billion in income and creating about 56,000 jobs. Many of these jobs and incomes are generated in the rural regions of the province, and serves as an important part of the rural development initiatives in Alberta. Almost 90% of the GDP generated by the irrigation sector accrued to the region and the province, and only 10% accrued to irrigation producers.

ACS Style

Kulshreshtha S; Paterson B. Irrigation’s Impact on Economic Growth in Alberta, Canada. Irrigation & Drainage Systems Engineering 2015, 05, 1 .

AMA Style

Kulshreshtha S, Paterson B. Irrigation’s Impact on Economic Growth in Alberta, Canada. Irrigation & Drainage Systems Engineering. 2015; 05 (01):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kulshreshtha S; Paterson B. 2015. "Irrigation’s Impact on Economic Growth in Alberta, Canada." Irrigation & Drainage Systems Engineering 05, no. 01: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2013 in Weed Technology
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Inputs, including herbicides, used in crop production may create negative environmental impacts. One solution to minimize these adverse effects is the adoption of integrated weed management (IWM) with the intention of reducing herbicide use. This study, conducted in 2010, estimates the willingness of farmers to pay for the adoption of more effective weed management methods. Results suggest that the willingness to pay (WTP) for IWM is greater than the WTP for other weed management methods, including chemical weed management and chemical and mechanical weed management. This study also identified a number of factors that influence the adoption of IWM on wheat farms in Iran using a multinomial logit model. Total annual income, area under irrigated wheat, wheat yield loss due to weeds, perennial nature of the weeds, and having awareness of weed resistance to herbicides had a positive effect on the adoption of IWM practices. However, having rain-fed (dryland) wheat cultivation and a larger number of plots on the farm had a negative influence on the choice of IWM.

ACS Style

Mohammad Ghorbani; Surendra Kulshreshtha. An Environmental and Economic Perspective on Integrated Weed Management in Iran. Weed Technology 2013, 27, 352 -361.

AMA Style

Mohammad Ghorbani, Surendra Kulshreshtha. An Environmental and Economic Perspective on Integrated Weed Management in Iran. Weed Technology. 2013; 27 (2):352-361.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Ghorbani; Surendra Kulshreshtha. 2013. "An Environmental and Economic Perspective on Integrated Weed Management in Iran." Weed Technology 27, no. 2: 352-361.

Journal article
Published: 31 January 2011 in Journal of Rural Studies
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With the likelihood of future changes in climate and climate variability, it is important to understand how human systems may be vulnerable. Rural communities in Saskatchewan having agricultural-based economies are particularly dependent on climate and could be among the most vulnerable human systems in Canada. Future changes in climate are likely to have significant impacts on rural livelihoods, and rural populations will face the challenge of coping with climate change in light of a multitude of other changing socio-economic and environmental conditions. The Rural Municipality of Rudy No. 284 was chosen as a case study due to its access to irrigation, a key tool in climate adaptation for the agricultural system in the area against one of its most notorious climatic features – severe multi-year droughts. Further irrigation development would continue to reduce climate vulnerabilities. Even with irrigation however, the compounding effects of climate and other socio-economic changes will likely require modifications in current practices and policies in order to secure adequate livelihoods. Climate change adaptation in the RM must ensure equitable access to water and potentially irrigation, reduce barriers to collaboration when addressing communal problems, and provide more certainty in government programs.

ACS Style

Jeremy Pittman; Virginia Wittrock; Surendra Kulshreshtha; Elaine Wheaton. Vulnerability to climate change in rural Saskatchewan: Case study of the Rural Municipality of Rudy No. 284. Journal of Rural Studies 2011, 27, 83 -94.

AMA Style

Jeremy Pittman, Virginia Wittrock, Surendra Kulshreshtha, Elaine Wheaton. Vulnerability to climate change in rural Saskatchewan: Case study of the Rural Municipality of Rudy No. 284. Journal of Rural Studies. 2011; 27 (1):83-94.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jeremy Pittman; Virginia Wittrock; Surendra Kulshreshtha; Elaine Wheaton. 2011. "Vulnerability to climate change in rural Saskatchewan: Case study of the Rural Municipality of Rudy No. 284." Journal of Rural Studies 27, no. 1: 83-94.

Journal article
Published: 13 January 2011 in Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie
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ACS Style

Surendra N. Kulshreshtha. Climate Change, Prairie Agriculture, and Prairie Economy: The New Normal. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 2011, 59, 19 -44.

AMA Style

Surendra N. Kulshreshtha. Climate Change, Prairie Agriculture, and Prairie Economy: The New Normal. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie. 2011; 59 (1):19-44.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Surendra N. Kulshreshtha. 2011. "Climate Change, Prairie Agriculture, and Prairie Economy: The New Normal." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 59, no. 1: 19-44.

Journal article
Published: 16 September 2010 in Journal of Agriculture and Environment
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Adoption of mitigation measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions may affect other members of the society, producing a situation of trade-offs. In this study, such a trade-off is has been analyzed using three aspects of the Canadian society: producers (farm level adopter), environment (through reduction in the GHG emissions),; and regional economy (including rest of the society through lost / gained economic activities). The nutrient management strategy involving the switching nitrogen fertilizer application from a combination of fall and spring application to a 100 percent spring application. Results suggest that the adoption of such a measure creates a 'win-win' situation, being both environmentally and economically desirable. Under the scenario, fertilizer expenditures decreased by $43 million (giving rise to an equivalent increase in farm income), GHG emissions (in CO2E) by 2.15 percent of the 2000 level of emissions, Canadian economy as a whole showed improvements, although on a regional basis the results were mixed.Key words: Canadian prairie agriculture; Greenhouse gases; Mitigation; Nitrogen fertilizer Use; Trade-off analysisThe Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 11, 2010Page: 70-82Uploaded date: 15 Septembre, 2010

ACS Style

Suren Kulshreshtha. Integrated Economic and Environmental Assessment of Nitrogenous Fertilizer Application in Canadian Prairies. Journal of Agriculture and Environment 2010, 11, 70 -82.

AMA Style

Suren Kulshreshtha. Integrated Economic and Environmental Assessment of Nitrogenous Fertilizer Application in Canadian Prairies. Journal of Agriculture and Environment. 2010; 11 ():70-82.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suren Kulshreshtha. 2010. "Integrated Economic and Environmental Assessment of Nitrogenous Fertilizer Application in Canadian Prairies." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 11, no. : 70-82.

Journal article
Published: 15 September 2010 in Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change
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Adaptive capacity, Canada, Community, Drought, Impacts, Vulnerability,

ACS Style

Virginia Wittrock; Suren N. Kulshreshtha; Elaine Wheaton. Canadian prairie rural communities: their vulnerabilities and adaptive capacities to drought. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 2010, 16, 267 -290.

AMA Style

Virginia Wittrock, Suren N. Kulshreshtha, Elaine Wheaton. Canadian prairie rural communities: their vulnerabilities and adaptive capacities to drought. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. 2010; 16 (3):267-290.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Virginia Wittrock; Suren N. Kulshreshtha; Elaine Wheaton. 2010. "Canadian prairie rural communities: their vulnerabilities and adaptive capacities to drought." Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 16, no. 3: 267-290.

Journal article
Published: 29 May 2008 in The Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien
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Droughts are one of the world's most significant natural hazards. They have major impacts on the economy, environment, health and society. In 2001 and 2002, many regions within Canada experienced unprecedented drought conditions, or conditions unseen for at least 100 years in some regions. This article draws upon a national assessment of this drought with particular attention to its implications for the agriculture and water sectors, although some attention is also devoted to other sectors. The study's methodology involves a comprehensive inter‐disciplinary, cause–effect integrated framework as a basis to explore the characteristics of drought and the associated biological and physical impacts and socio‐economic consequences. Numerous primary and secondary sources of data were used, including public and semi‐public sources such as Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Environment Canada, Statistics Canada, Crop Insurance Corporations and provincial governments, as well as phone interviews, focus groups, print media surveys and economic modelling. Evidence indicates that the risk of drought is increasing as demands for food and water relentlessly climb and the manifestations of climate change become more apparent. The key to better dealing with drought lies in taking the steps necessary to enhance our adaptive capacity and decrease vulnerability. Temps arides: Les dures leçons des sécheresses canadiennes de 2001 et 2002 Les sécheresses représentent une des catastrophes naturelles les plus importantes au monde. Elles causent de graves dégâts sur l'économie, l'environnement, la santé et la société. En 2001 et 2002, plusieurs régions du Canada ont été touchées par des conditions de sécheresse sans précédent, ou pour certaines d'entre elles, qui n'avaient pas été observées depuis plus d'une centaine d'années. Cet article présente sommairement un bilan national de cette sécheresse en mettant davantage l'accent sur les incidences sur les secteurs de l'agriculture et de l'eau. D'autres secteurs sont également abordés. La démarche méthodologique de l'étude s'appuie sur un cadre intégré de cause à effet global et interdisciplinaire à partir duquel les particularités des sécheresses, les impacts d'ordre biologique et physique, ainsi que les répercussions socioéconomiques, sont explorés. Un grand nombre de sources primaires et secondaires de données ont été utilisées, dont des sources publiques et semi‐publiques comme Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Environnement Canada, Statistique Canada, des sociétés d'assurance en production agricole et des gouvernements provinciaux, en plus d'entrevues téléphoniques, de groupes de discussion, de sondages publiés dans la presse et de modélisations économiques. Les données obtenues indiquent que les risques de sécheresse augmentent, que la demande alimentaire et en eau augmente aussi de manière continue et que les effets des changements climatiques se font de plus en plus perceptibles. La solution pour mieux faire face à la sécheresse se trouve dans les mesures prises pour améliorer notre capacité d'adaptation et réduire notre vulnérabilité.

ACS Style

Elaine Wheaton; Suren Kulshreshtha; Virginia Wittrock; Grace Koshida. Dry times: hard lessons from the Canadian drought of 2001 and 2002. The Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien 2008, 52, 241 -262.

AMA Style

Elaine Wheaton, Suren Kulshreshtha, Virginia Wittrock, Grace Koshida. Dry times: hard lessons from the Canadian drought of 2001 and 2002. The Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien. 2008; 52 (2):241-262.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elaine Wheaton; Suren Kulshreshtha; Virginia Wittrock; Grace Koshida. 2008. "Dry times: hard lessons from the Canadian drought of 2001 and 2002." The Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien 52, no. 2: 241-262.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2008 in Agroforestry Systems
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Shelterbelts are a valuable resource to those who plant them and to other members of society. The external benefits to society can be worth as much as the private benefits to producers. However, the external benefits have not been quantified or monetized in a well-documented way. In this study, external benefits were estimated for tree seedlings distributed by the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Shelterbelt Centre in the Canadian Prairie Provinces for the period 1981–2001. Estimation of these benefits required information on the biophysical changes caused by shelterbelts and their valuation. Using literature, we estimated that the value of these external benefits amounted to over $140 million (2001 CDN$; CDN$1 = US$0.63). The majority of this value was derived from carbon sequestration ($73 million) and reduced soil erosion ($15 million) services with the remainder being contributed by biodiversity and water and air quality services. Other external benefits, such as health values, transportation safety, aesthetics and property values were identified but could not be estimated due to a lack of data. The estimated value for external benefits conferred by shelterbelts in this study indicates that they are large and suggests that both private and external benefits need to be considered in formulating policies or programs so that benefits to the society can be maximized.

ACS Style

Surendra Kulshreshtha; John Kort. External economic benefits and social goods from prairie shelterbelts. Agroforestry Systems 2008, 75, 39 -47.

AMA Style

Surendra Kulshreshtha, John Kort. External economic benefits and social goods from prairie shelterbelts. Agroforestry Systems. 2008; 75 (1):39-47.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Surendra Kulshreshtha; John Kort. 2008. "External economic benefits and social goods from prairie shelterbelts." Agroforestry Systems 75, no. 1: 39-47.