Granitoids, an important part of the continental crust, are the direct and indelible evidence of the accretion and reworking process of the continental crust in different tectonic settings. Therefore, these early geodynamic mechanisms can be roughly reconstructed by analysing the geochemical characteristics of granitoids. In this study, the Permian–Triassic Granitoids widely distributed in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt (EKOB) are studied to determine their chronology and petrogenesis to restrict their source regions and establish the significance of their geodynamic and crustal growth. Zircon inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) dating results show that the crystallization ages of these granitoids are between 252–240 Ma, during the early and middle Triassic. These granitoids have high SiO₂ and medium Na₂O + K₂O contents, plotting into the granite region, and calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline series on the SiO₂–Na₂O + K₂O and SiO₂–K₂O diagrams, respectively. All the samples have aluminium saturation index (A/CNK) values from 1.00 to 1.25 showing peraluminous characteristics. In terms of trace and rare earth elements, the samples are depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs) such as Nb, Ta, P, and Ti and are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) such as Rb, K, Ba, and U. Moreover, all granitoids show right-inclined rare earth element (REE) distribution patterns with weak to moderate Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.50–0.93). In addition, the samples have low P₂O₅ contents, 10,000*Ga/Al ratios (1.65–2.39), and Zr + Nb + Ce + Y (212–262 ppm) displaying affinities to I-type granite. Combined with their ε_Hf (t) values of −2.31 to 4.44, with 1.0–1.4 Ga two stage model ages (T_DM2), they are considered to be the products of the reworking of the Mesoproterozoic lower crust; therefore, they are not related to the continental net growth in the EKOB. On the tectonic discrimination diagrams of granitoids, all the samples fall into the area of volcanic arc granite (VAG) and continental margin arc; this suggests that the Paleo-Tethys Ocean slab was still in the subduction stage during 252–240 Ma, and the continental collision had not yet started. Based on the plenty of magmatic rock dating results published previously, it appears there are two magmatic peak periods (260–240 Ma and 230–210 Ma) and one magmatic intermittence period (240–230 Ma) during the late Permian to Triassic of the EKOB, corresponding to three geodynamic evolution stages of subduction, post-collision extension, and syn-collision, respectively.

The Fukeshan Cu (Mo) deposit is a newfound porphyry deposit in the northern Great Xing’an Range (GXR), northeast China. In this paper, we present results of chalcopyrite Re–Os geochronology, microthermometry of the fluid inclusions (FIs), and isotopic (H–O–S–Pb) compositions of the Fukeshan Cu (Mo) deposit. Its ore-forming process can be divided into sulfide-barren quartz veins (A vein; stage I), quartz + chalcopyrite + pyrite veins (B vein; stage II), quartz + polymetallic sulfide veins (D vein; stage III), and barren quartz + carbonate ± pyrite veins (E vein; stage IV), with Cu mineralization mainly occurred in stage II. Three types of FIs are identified in this deposit: liquid-rich two-phase (L-type) FIs, vapor-rich two-phase (V-type) FIs, daughter mineral-bearing three-phase (S-type) FIs. The homogenization temperatures of primary FIs hosted in quartz of stages I–IV are 381–494 °C, 282–398 °C, 233–340 °C, and 144–239 °C, with salinities of 7.2–58.6, 4.8–9.9, 1.4–7.9, and 0.9–3.9 wt. % NaCl equivalent, respectively. FIs microthermometry and H–O isotope data suggest that the ore-forming fluids were magmatic in origin and were gradually mixed with meteoric water from stages II to IV. Sulfur and lead isotope results indicate that the ore-forming materials of the Fukeshan Cu (Mo) deposit were likely to have originated from Late Jurassic intrusive rocks. The available data suggest that fluid cooling and incursions of meteoric water into the magmatic fluids were two important factors for Cu precipitation in the Fukeshan Cu (Mo) deposit. Chalcopyrite Re–Os dating yielded an isochron age of 144.7 ± 5.4 Ma, which is similar to the zircon U–Pb age of the quartz diorite porphyry, indicating that Late Jurassic quartz diorite porphyry and Cu mineralization occurred contemporaneously.

The Cretaceous nonmarine sedimentary strata are widespread in Songliao Basin, Northeast China. As the largest oil producer in China, an abundance of data has been generated by the petroleum industry, including sedimentology, seismology, geochemistry, and geochronology in the Songliao Basin. This article reviews the achievements in China Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling SK and presents the new results of the China Continental Geothermal Drilling SR1 in stratigraphy and geophysics. The results allow us to establish the relationships among SK-1, SK-2, and SR1, provide some constrains on the tectonic setting of Songliao Basin, and interpret the sedimentary facies and environmental evolution. After stratigraphic correlation of SK and SR boreholes, the result indicates that the geological boundary between the late Cretaceous Mingshui formation and the Paleogene Yi’an formation is at the depth of 115 m. The magnetotelluric sounding anomaly areas are corresponding with the unconformities, which are equivalent to seismic horizon T03, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. In addition, the typical “steer’s-head” geometry in the magnetotellurics indicates that the SLB has experienced five evolution stages.