It remains challenging to develop a techno-economically feasible method to remove alkali and alkaline earth metal species (AAEMs) from rice husk (RH), which is a widely available bioresource across the world. In this study, the AAEMs leaching effect of aqueous phases of both bio-crude prepared by hydrothermal liquefaction (AP-HT) and bio-oil prepared by pyrolysis (AP-Pyro) of RH were systematically investigated. The results indicated that although the acidity of AP-HT and AP-Pyro are much lower than that of HCl, they performed a comparable removal efficiency on AAEMs (Na: 56.2%, K: 96.7%, Mg: 91.0%, Ca: 46.1% for AP-HT, while Na: 58.9%, K: 96.9%, Mg: 94.0%, Ca: 86.3% for AP-Pyro) with HCl. The presence of phenolics in bio-oil could facilitate the penetration of water and organic acids into the inner area of RH cells, thus enhancing the AAEMs removal via chelate reactions. The thermal stability of leached RH during thermochemical conversions was studied via TG and Py-GC-MS. The results showed that the heat conduction efficiency in leached RH was enhanced with a high pyrolysis rate, resulting in a narrow carbon chain distribution (C₅–C₁₀) of derived chemical compounds.

The simple incineration of wood-based panels (WBPs) waste generates a significant amount of NO_x, which has led to urgency in developing a new method for treating the N-containing biomass residues. This work aims to examine the N evolution and physiochemical structural changes during the co-pyrolysis of fiberboard and glucose, where the percentage of glucose in the feedstock was varied from 0% to 70%. It was found that N retention in chars was monotonically increased with increasing use of glucose, achieving ~60% N fixation when the glucose accounted for 70% in the mixture. Pyrrole-N (N-5) and Pyridine-N (N-6) were preferentially formed at high ratios of glucose to fiberboard. While the relevant importance of volatile–char interactions to N retention and transformation could be observed, the volatile–volatile reactions from the two feedstocks played a vital role in the increase in abundance of glucose. With the introduction of glucose, the porous structure and porosity in chars from the co-pyrolysis were dramatically altered, whereas the devolatilization of glucose tended to generate larger pores than the fiberboard. The insignificant changes in carbon structure of all chars revealed by Raman spectroscopy would practically allow us to apply the monosaccharides to the WBPs for regulating N evolution without concerns about its side effects for char carbon structures.

Desa Ngesrepbalong, Kecamatan Limbangan merupakan salah satu penghasil produksi kopi di Kabupaten Kendal. Berada di lereng Gunung Ungaran dengan kisaran ketinggian tempat antara 524-1437 MDPL membuat area tersebut dapat ditanami jenis kopi robusta dan arabika. Pada tahun 2020 tercatat luas lahan perkebunan kopi di Desa Ngesrepbalong sebesar 68 hektar dengan total produksi mencapai 81,6 ton. Potensi inilah yang menginisiasi masyarakat di Desa Ngesrepbalong membentuk UKM Kopi Bubuk. Sejak tahun 2017 UKM Kopi Bubuk mulai melakukan kegiatan pasca produksi (Postproduction) melalui penanganan pasca panen (post-harvest) dan kegiatan pengolahan (processing) hasil produksi kopi di Desa Ngesrepbalong. Kapasitas produksi UKM Kopi Bubuk rata-rata per bulan mencapai 25 kg kopi dalam bentuk bubuk, grean bean dan roast bean. Permasalahan utama mitra adalah (1) Aspek Produksi, Keterbatasan peralatan produksi khususnya pada tahap penggilingan kopi dimana kapasitas masih rendah dan peralatan yang sering mengalami kerusakan dan jumlah Rak penyimpanan bahan baku terbatas, (2) Aspek Manajemen Usaha, Pembukuan masih sederhana dan belum berbasis digital agar lebih rapi dan mudah dikelola, dan (3) Aspek Pemasaran, Pemasaran produk masih terbatas, telah memanfaatkan media digital tetapi promosi yang dilakukan belum optimal, hanya sebatas menampilkan foto produk. solusi yang ditawarkan dalam Program Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini adalah mengembangkan Teknologi Pasca Panen Kopi dan Hilirisasi Produk Berbasis Digital Pada UKM Kopi Bubuk Di Kabupaten Kendal, melalui penerapan TTG, peningkatan kapasitas SDM dalam produksi, manajemen usaha dan pemasaran berbasis digital. Metode pelaksanaan: (1) Sosialisasi dan koordinasi awal, (2) Pelaksanaan kegiatan: Pelatihan dan difusi teknologi pemanfaatan TTG untuk penggilingan biji kopi dan cara perawatanya dan pembukuan keuangan berbasis digital menggunakan aplikasi android dan pemasaran online melalui optimalisasi konten marketing berbasis storytelling. (3) Pendampingan, (4) evaluasi.

Biomass Gasification is an attractive renewable energy technology. Biomass waste, as well as a renewable energy source and also, could be used as raw material to produce syngas. Nevertheless, the biomass is containing tar. The downdraft gasifier is considered to produce less tar, however, the syngas still containing tar which makes blocking and fouling of engines. Therefore, reducing tar is needed, one of them using a wet scrubber that is technically and economically viable to obtain clean syngas. Wet scrubber using absorbent to make absorption. This paper investigated the effect of variations on the type of absorbent in the scrubber to reduce tar in syngas. The absorbent used is vegetable glycerine food grade as a solvent and coconut shell charcoal with a mesh of 10-20 as a packing material. There are two variations of absorbent. Firstly, using only vegetable glycerine food grade and the second using vegetable glycerine food grade and coconut shell charcoal. Each variation was given a vegetable glycerine food-grade discharge of 31.5 ml/s. The results showed that variations in the absorbent of vegetable glycerine food grade and coconut shell charcoal resulted in higher tar removal rates is 100% in Acids, 51.88% in Furans, 65.04% in Alcohols, 35.12% in Ketones.