Citicoline is a chemical compound involved in the synthesis of cell membranes. It also has other, not yet explained functions. Research on the use of citicoline is conducted in neurology, ophthalmology, and psychiatry. Citicoline is widely available as a dietary supplement. It is often used to enhance cognitive functions. In our article, accessible databases were searched for articles regarding citicoline use in neurological diseases. This article has a systemic review form. After rejecting non-eligible reports, 47 remaining articles were reviewed. The review found that citicoline has been proven to be a useful compound in preventing dementia progression. It also enhances cognitive functions among healthy individuals and improves prognosis after stroke. In an animal model of nerve damage and neuropathy, citicoline stimulated regeneration and lessened pain. Among patients who underwent brain trauma, citicoline has an unclear clinical effect. Citicoline has a wide range of effects and could be an essential substance in the treatment of many neurological diseases. Its positive impact on learning and cognitive functions among the healthy population is also worth noting.

Background: Over the last few decades, the time children spend using electronic devices has increased significantly. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of screen time on dietary behaviors and physical activity in children and adolescents. Methods: An online survey was conducted among parents of preschool and school-aged children during the COVID-19 lockdown in Poland. There were 3127 surveys used in the analysis. Results: Survey responses referred to 1662 (53%) boys and 1465 (47%) girls, with a mean age of 12.1 ± 3.4 years. During a routine weekday, most children (71%) spent >4 h on educational activities using electronic devices, and 43% of children spent 1–2 h using devices for recreational purposes. The majority of children (89%) were exposed to screens during meals, and ate snacks between main meals (77%). There was an association between screen time and the exposure to screens during meals, and between screen time and time spent performing physical activity. Conclusions: This study revealed that the majority of children were exposed to screens during meals, which is a risk factor of obesity. The promotion of the judicious use of digital devices and healthy dietary habits associated with the use of screens may be an important component of obesity prevention strategies.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of unknown etiology. Diagnosis of MS is primarily based on detection of myelin damage by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and classification of demyelination according to the McDonald Criteria. Cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3 ) has been shown to...

Background: The aim of the current study is to analyze and summarize the latest research on improving therapy in ovarian cancer. Materials & methods: Data analysis was based on a review of publicat... Plain language summary Ovarian cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. Due to its nonspecific symptoms, it is often diagnosed late. This reduces the possibility of successful therapy. Th...

Background Resveratrol is a polyphenol with many properties, including activity against glycation, oxidative stress, inflammation, neurodegeneration, carcinogenesis and aging. It appears to be a promising compound for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize the results of the latest clinical trials that concern effects of resveratrol in diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 and its complications - diabetic foot ulcers, diabetic nephropathy and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aim of the study Based on in vitro studies and animal models, it has been observed that resveratrol reverses the factors causing premature death: obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Because of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective and blood lowering glucose effects, it appears to be a promising compound for the treatment of metabolic conditions. The review presents different clinical trials concerning the efficiency of resveratrol supplementation in patients with diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome and their complications. Most studies focused on assessing the effect of resveratrol supplementation as an adjunctive treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 and in this group of patients it gave the best results causing reduction of fasting glucose levels, fasting insulin concentration, insulin resistance and improvement of insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles. Conclusions Resveratrol remains a potential drug in the treatment of metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus. However, the results of the conducted trials are inconscient. More research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of resveratrol supplementation in treating diabetes, its complications and other metabolic conditions.

Rationale: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) represents approximately 1-quarter of all new cases of childhood cancer. Although overall survival following diagnosis has improved in recent years, the toxicity of chemotherapy remains a concern. Patient concerns: We describe an 11-year-old male patient diagnosed with T-cell precursor ALL who developed compounded complications during the induction phase of chemotherapy. Patient was hospitalized in the Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantology of the Medical University of Lublin, Poland. The patient’s induction therapy was started according to the AIEOP-BFM ALL 2017 protocol IAp (International Collaborative Treatment Protocol for Children and Adolescents with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia). Diagnoses: Patient developed compounded complications such as cholecystitis, hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis and myelosuppression. Interventions: The patient was treated with leukapheresis, received a broad-spectrum antibiotic, potassium supplementation and hepatoprotective treatment and laparotomy cholecystectomy. Outcomes: In the available literature, there is a limited amount of similar clinical cases with multiple complications in pediatric patients with ALL. Toxicities cause delays in the treatment of the underlying disease. Lessons: In children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, there are side effects during the treatment such as cholecystitis and pancreatitis. Complications during treatment require a quick response and modification of disease management. Abdominal ultrasound performed before treatment makes it possible to observe the dynamics of lesions. Genetic mutation analysis could allow us to more precisely respond to the possible susceptibility to and appearance of complications after the use of a given chemotherapeutic agent.