The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to analyze the differential impact of the first COVID-19 lockdown (3 April 2020) on stress, health practices, and self-care activities across different Hispanic countries, age range, and gender groups. One thousand and eighty-two participants from Spain, Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador took part in this study. Irrespective of the country, and controlling for income level, young people, especially females, suffered a greater level of stress, perceived the situation as more severe, showed less adherence to health guidelines, and reported lower levels of health consciousness, in comparison to their male peers and older groups. However, in the case of self-care, it seems that older and female groups are generally more involved in self-care activities and adopt more healthy daily routines. These results are mostly similar between Colombia, Ecuador, and Spain. However, Chile showed some different tendencies, as males reported higher levels of healthy daily routines and better adherence to health guidelines compared to females and people over the age of 60. Differences between countries, genders, and age ranges should be considered in order to improve health recommendations and adherence to guidelines. Moreover, developing community action and intersectoral strategies with a gender-based approach could help to reduce health inequalities and increase the success of people’s adherence to health guidelines and self-care-promoting interventions. Future studies should be addressed to explore the possible causations of such differences in more cultural-distant samples and at later stages of the current outbreak.

Becoming a first‐time father is an important transition period in men's lives that is frequently accompanied by joy and happiness. Engaging fathers has a broader impact on family and community and on fathers' own well‐being. This study explores the process of men becoming first‐time fathers and the experiences and challenges involved. Seventeen interviews with men in different stages of pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period were conducted. Through a grounded theory design, a novel four‐stage theoretical model emerged that represents the journey to first‐time fatherhood. These stages are beginning the journey, fatherhood in limbo, facing reality, and settling down. Participants suggested that achieving a new normality was the final stage where they finally felt located with a sense of mastery in their journey to fatherhood. The novel theoretical approach of addressing the process of men's transition allowed more complete access to their perspectives. Men's needs are different at every phase of the transition to fatherhood, and the use of these findings can help care providers in caring for every man according to the stage he is facing.

ObjectivesTo present the methodological challenges of an ethnographic study designed to gain better understanding of the cultural encounters (CE).MethodsParticipant observations of the CE in between families with children and nurses will be carried out, in the context of an ethnographic design.ResultsThe challenges to be faced include: accessing to participants and obtaining the informed consents, the role to be adopted during data collection by the researcher, establishing a trusting relationship with the participants, the effect that feeling observed may have on participants’ behaviors, and identifying the researcher's influence during the research process.ConclusionsThe observations of the CE present methodological challenges that need to be dealt with during the whole research process to ensure validity and relevance

Fundamento. La lactancia materna es importante para promover el desarrollo saludable del recién nacido. A pesar de sus beneficios, el abandono es masivo durante el primer trimestre de vida. El objetivo de esta investigación fue explorar cómo las madres primerizas percibían y experimentaban la lactancia materna para poder identificar así los aspectos que influyen en su instauración. Material y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo con un enfoque fenomenológico descriptivo, en el que participaron 12 madres primíparas que fueron entrevistadas en profundidad en dos ocasiones, una los primeros días tras el parto y otra al mes de haber dado a luz. Los datos obtenidos se grabaron y transcribieron para analizarlos con el método de Giorgi. Resultados. El significado esencial de la experiencia vivida por las madres que participaron en este estudio se puede resumir en los cinco temas que se detallan a continuación: la idealización de la lactancia; la incertidumbre ante las dificultades; el deseo de privacidad durante las tomas; la responsabilidad compartida con el niño para lograr el éxito; y finalmente, la desorganización en sus vidas y la modificación del rol de la mujer. Conclusiones. Conocer las experiencias de las madres primíparas en la etapa de instauración de la lactancia, permitirá a los profesionales diseñar intervenciones específicas adaptadas a ellas. Los profesionales deberían tener en cuenta las expectativas de cada madre y cómo hace frente al nuevo rol, la necesidad de proporcionar apoyo práctico y emocional con unanimidad de criterios y la importancia del apoyo del padre.

The World Health Organization states that health promotion is a key strategy to improve health, and it is conceived as a global process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. Health promotion does not focus solely on empowering individuals dealing with their knowledge, attitudes and skills, but it also takes political, social, economic and environmental aspects influencing health and wellbeing into account. The complexity of applying these concepts is reflected in the five paradoxes in health promotion; these arise in between the rhetoric in health promotion and implementation. The detected paradoxes which are described herein involve the patient versus the person, the individual versus the group, disease professionals versus health professionals, disease indicators versus health indicators, and health as an expense versus health as an investment. Making these contradictions explicit can help determine why it is so complex to put the concepts related to health promotion into practice. It can also help to put forward aspects that need further work if health promotion is to put into practice.

Aim: To show the results of an exploratory trial based on social and emotional learning to promote healthy lifestyles in 5–6 aged children.Design: A randomized controlled trial.Method: The study was conducted from 2015–2016. Thirty‐seven children were allocated to the intervention group (N = 19) and control group (N = 18). A multi‐method and multi‐component evaluation approach was used to capture the preliminary efficacy, acceptability, and feasibility of the programme. Repeat measures ANOVA followed by an ANCOVA tests were applied for the inferential analysis and for qualitative data, a content analysis was used.Results: Positive effects on emotional perception and resilience were found in children's intervention group. Children and families showed high programme's acceptability and a wide range of barriers and facilitators were identified during the implementation process.Conclusion: Predicted mechanisms to improve healthy lifestyles in children throughout social and emotional competence seem to be supported by some of the study's results. However more research is needed to replicate such results and confirm these mechanisms. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02975544.