(1) Background: The uncinate fasciculus (UF) is a white matter bundle connecting the prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe. The functional role of the uncinate fasciculus is still uncertain. The role of the UF is attributed to the emotional empathy network. The present study aimed to more accurately the describe anatomical variability of the UF by focusing on the volume of fibers and testing for correlations with sex and age. (2) Material and Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging of adult patients with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed on 34 patients. The total number of fibers, volume of UF, and number of tracts were processed using DSI studio software. The DSI studio allows for mapping of different nerve pathways and visualizing of the obtained results using spatial graphics. (3) Results: The total number of UF tracts was significantly higher in the right hemisphere compared to the left hemisphere (right M ± SD = 52 ± 24; left: 39 ± 25, p < 0.05). A hook-shaped UF was the most common variant (91.7%). The UF volumes were larger in men (1410 ± 150.7 mm³) as compared to women (1325 ± 133.2 mm³) (p < 0.05). The mean fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the UF were significantly larger on the left side 0.597, while the right UF had an average of 0.346 (p < 0.05). Patients older than 50 years old had a significantly higher value of mean diffusivity (MD) (p = 0.034). In 73.5% of patients, a greater number of fibers terminated in the inferior part of the inferior frontal gyrus. (4) Conclusions: The morphological characteristics of the UF, unlike the shape, are associated with sex and are characterized by hemispheric dominance. These findings confirm the results of the previous studies. Future research should examine the potential correlation among the UF volume, number of fibers, and total brain volume in both sexes and patient psychological state.

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a highly common inherited monogenic neurodegenerative disease, and the gene responsible for its development is located in the 4p16.3 chromosome. The product of that gene mutation is an abnormal huntingtin (Htt) protein that disrupts the neural conduction, thus leading to motor and cognitive disorders. The disease progresses to irreversible changes in the central nervous system (CNS). Although only a few drugs are available to symptomatic treatment, ‘dopamine stabilizers’ (as represented by the pridopidine) may be the new treatment options. The underlying causes of HD are dopaminergic conduction disorders. Initially, the disease is hyperkinetic (chorea) until it eventually reaches the hypokinetic phase. Studies confirmed a correlation between the amount of dopamine in the CNS and the stage of the disease. Pridopidine has the capacity to be a dopamine buffer, which could increase or decrease the dopamine content depending on the disease phase. A research carried out on animal models demonstrated the protective effect of pridopidine on nerve cells thanks to its ability to alter the cortical glutamatergic signaling through the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Studies on dopamine stabilizers also reported that pridopidine has a 100-fold greater affinity for the sigma-1 receptor than for the D2 receptor. Disturbances in the activity of sigma-1 receptors occur in neurodegenerative diseases, including HD. Their interaction with pridopidine results in the neuroprotective effect, which is manifested as an increase in the plasticity of synaptic neurons and prevention of their atrophy within the striatum. To determine the effectiveness of pridopidine in the treatment of HD, large multicenter randomized studies such as HART, MermaiHD, and PRIDE-HD were carried out.

Apart from its protective function, the skin is also both hormonally and metabolically active. Many hormones are produced in the skin and the regulation of these changes is controlled, as are other organs, by the pituitary gland and hypothalamus. Under the influence of stress factors such as...

Bilateral cingulotomy is a procedure applied to patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). This report presents the structural changes occurring within the forceps minor and arcuate fascicles nerve fibers after a successful bilateral anterior cingulotomy in the patient with refractory OCD. Cingulotomy mainly affects the values of FA, MD, and ADC in the treatment of the examined nerve bundles. This structural reorganization coexists with a good clinical effect. However, it is necessary to expand the study group and to investigate the correlation between the parameters of diffusion and anisotropy and the patient’s clinical condition (Y-BOCS scale).

Background/Objectives: Chronic migraine is a disabling neurological disorder that significantly impairs quality of life. Interventional procedures, including greater occipital nerve (GON) block and sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) block, are increasingly used as adjuncts to standard pharmacological treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of GON and SPG blocks in patients with chronic migraine. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 50 patients diagnosed with chronic migraine according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3). Patients were assigned to either a GON block group or an SPG block group. Monthly migraine days, pain intensity measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and migraine-related disability assessed with the Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) and Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) questionnaires were evaluated before treatment and after completion of two procedures. Results: Both GON and SPG blocks were associated with significant reductions in monthly migraine days, pain intensity, and disability scores. A greater reduction in monthly migraine days was observed in patients treated with GON block compared with those treated with SPG block. Conclusions: Both GON and SPG blocks may represent effective adjunctive treatment options for patients with chronic migraine. In this study, GON block was associated with a greater reduction in migraine frequency, although further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.