As a new mode of transportation, the underground logistics system (ULS) has become one of the solutions to the problems of environmental pollution and traffic congestion. Considering the environmental and economic factors in urban logistics, this paper conducts comprehensive design and optimization research on the network nodes and passages of urban underground logistics and proposes a relatively complete framework for a sustainable underground logistics network. A hybrid method is proposed, which includes the set cover model used to perform the first location of urban underground logistics nodes, the fuzzy clustering method applied to classify the located logistics nodes into the first-level and second-level nodes considering the congestion in different urban areas of the city and a mixed integer programming model proposed to optimize and design the underground logistics passage to find optimal passage parameters at every underground logistics node. Based on the above hybrid method, a sustainable underground logistics network framework including all-levels logistics nodes and passages is formed, with a subdistrict of Nanjing as a case study. The discussion of results shows that this underground logistics network framework proposal is very effective in reducing logistics time cost, exhaust emission and congestion cost. It provides support for decisions in the design and development of urban sustainable underground logistics networks.

Nearly 40 percent of worldwide energy and process-related CO₂ emissions are produced by the construction sector. China’s construction industry is the largest in the world, with Chinese construction enterprises completing a total output value of RMB 26.39 trillion in 2020; these buildings contribute to about 20 percent of China’s overall carbon emissions and 20 percent of the global total emissions. There is an urgent need to prove whether construction enterprises are benefiting from the carbon trading policy. Compared to the traditional method, a double difference model can be used to highlight the consequences of different states of construction enterprises’ responses to carbon trading regimes. In this study, we examine the following results based on cross-sectional data collected from 2006 to 2021, from listed construction enterprises: (1) Existing carbon emission policies have had a significant impact on the improvement of construction enterprises’ total factor productivity. This improvement is more pronounced in large state-owned enterprises in particular. (2) Construction enterprises’ greater involvement in carbon trading income is most strongly influenced by their green innovation level. (3) Construction enterprises located in eastern and central China benefit significantly from carbon trading, but construction enterprises based in the west do not. The research result indicates that future incentive initiatives should pay more attention to western regions and privately owned building enterprises. The leading role of large state-owned building enterprises should be reinforced.

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