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Diana Rohlman
Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA

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Journal article
Published: 19 January 2021 in Environmental Health
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Background In August 2017, Hurricane Harvey caused unprecedented flooding across the greater Houston area. Given the potential for widespread flood-related exposures, including mold and sewage, and the emotional and mental toll caused by the flooding, we sought to evaluate the short- and long-term impact of flood-related exposures on the health of Houstonians. Our objectives were to assess the association of flood-related exposures with allergic symptoms and stress among Houston-area residents at two time points: within approximately 30 days (T1) and 12 months (T2) after Hurricane Harvey’s landfall. Methods The Houston Hurricane Harvey Health (Houston-3H) Study enrolled a total of 347 unique participants from four sites across Harris County at two times: within approximately 1-month of Harvey (T1, n = 206) and approximately 12-months after Harvey (T2, n = 266), including 125 individuals who participated at both time points. Using a self-administered questionnaire, participants reported details on demographics, flood-related exposures, and health outcomes, including allergic symptoms and stress. Results The majority of participants reported hurricane-related flooding in their homes at T1 (79.1%) and T2 (87.2%) and experienced at least one allergic symptom after the hurricane (79.4% at T1 and 68.4% at T2). In general, flood-exposed individuals were at increased risk of upper respiratory tract allergic symptoms, reported at both the T1 and T2 time points, with exposures to dirty water and mold associated with increased risk of multiple allergic symptoms. The mean stress score of study participants at T1 was 8.0 ± 2.1 and at T2, 5.1 ± 3.2, on a 0–10 scale. Participants who experienced specific flood-related exposures reported higher stress scores when compared with their counterparts, especially 1 year after Harvey. Also, a supplementary paired-samples analysis showed that reports of wheezing, shortness of breath, and skin rash did not change between T1 and T2, though other conditions were less commonly reported at T2. Conclusion These initial Houston-3H findings demonstrate that flooding experiences that occurred as a consequence of Hurricane Harvey had lasting impacts on the health of Houstonians up to 1 year after the hurricane.

ACS Style

Abiodun O. Oluyomi; Kristen Panthagani; Jesus Sotelo; Xiangjun Gu; Georgina Armstrong; Dan Na Luo; Kristi L. Hoffman; Diana Rohlman; Lane Tidwell; Winifred J. Hamilton; Elaine Symanski; Kimberly Anderson; Joseph F. Petrosino; Cheryl Lyn Walker; Melissa Bondy. Houston hurricane Harvey health (Houston-3H) study: assessment of allergic symptoms and stress after hurricane Harvey flooding. Environmental Health 2021, 20, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Abiodun O. Oluyomi, Kristen Panthagani, Jesus Sotelo, Xiangjun Gu, Georgina Armstrong, Dan Na Luo, Kristi L. Hoffman, Diana Rohlman, Lane Tidwell, Winifred J. Hamilton, Elaine Symanski, Kimberly Anderson, Joseph F. Petrosino, Cheryl Lyn Walker, Melissa Bondy. Houston hurricane Harvey health (Houston-3H) study: assessment of allergic symptoms and stress after hurricane Harvey flooding. Environmental Health. 2021; 20 (1):1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abiodun O. Oluyomi; Kristen Panthagani; Jesus Sotelo; Xiangjun Gu; Georgina Armstrong; Dan Na Luo; Kristi L. Hoffman; Diana Rohlman; Lane Tidwell; Winifred J. Hamilton; Elaine Symanski; Kimberly Anderson; Joseph F. Petrosino; Cheryl Lyn Walker; Melissa Bondy. 2021. "Houston hurricane Harvey health (Houston-3H) study: assessment of allergic symptoms and stress after hurricane Harvey flooding." Environmental Health 20, no. 1: 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 27 October 2020 in Sustainability
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The Swinomish Indian Tribal Community developed an informal environmental health and sustainability (EHS) curriculum based on Swinomish beliefs and practices. EHS programs developed and implemented by Indigenous communities are extremely scarce. The mainstream view of EHS does not do justice to how many Indigenous peoples define EHS as reciprocal relationships between people, nonhuman beings, homelands, air, and waters. The curriculum provides an alternative informal educational platform for teaching science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics (STEAM) using identification, harvest, and preparation activities of First Foods and medicines that are important to community members in order to increase awareness and understanding of local EHS issues. The curriculum, called 13 Moons, is founded on a set of guiding principles which may be useful for other Indigenous communities seeking to develop their own curricula.

ACS Style

Jamie Donatuto; Larry Campbell; Joyce LeCompte; Diana Rohlman; Sonni Tadlock. The Story of 13 Moons: Developing an Environmental Health and Sustainability Curriculum Founded on Indigenous First Foods and Technologies. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8913 .

AMA Style

Jamie Donatuto, Larry Campbell, Joyce LeCompte, Diana Rohlman, Sonni Tadlock. The Story of 13 Moons: Developing an Environmental Health and Sustainability Curriculum Founded on Indigenous First Foods and Technologies. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):8913.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jamie Donatuto; Larry Campbell; Joyce LeCompte; Diana Rohlman; Sonni Tadlock. 2020. "The Story of 13 Moons: Developing an Environmental Health and Sustainability Curriculum Founded on Indigenous First Foods and Technologies." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8913.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2019 in BMC Public Health
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A challenge in environmental health research is collecting robust data sets to facilitate comparisons between personal chemical exposures, the environment and health outcomes. To address this challenge, the Exposure, Location and lung Function (ELF) tool was designed in collaboration with communities that share environmental health concerns. These concerns centered on respiratory health and ambient air quality. The ELF collects exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), given their association with diminished lung function. Here, we describe the ELF as a novel environmental health assessment tool. The ELF tool collects chemical exposure for 62 PAHs using passive sampling silicone wristbands, geospatial location data and respiratory lung function measures using a paired hand-held spirometer. The ELF was tested by 10 individuals with mild to moderate asthma for 7 days. Participants wore a wristband each day to collect PAH exposure, carried a cell phone, and performed spirometry daily to collect respiratory health measures. Location data was gathered using the geospatial positioning system technology in an Android cell-phone. We detected and quantified 31 PAHs across the study population. PAH exposure data showed spatial and temporal sensitivity within and between participants. Location data was used with existing datasets such as the Toxics Release Inventory and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hazard Mapping System. Respiratory health outcomes were validated using criteria from the American Thoracic Society with 94% of participant data meeting standards. Finally, the ELF was used with a high degree of compliance (> 90%) by community members. The ELF is a novel environmental health assessment tool that allows for personal data collection spanning chemical exposures, location and lung function measures as well as self-reported information.

ACS Style

Diana Rohlman; Holly M. Dixon; Laurel Kincl; Andrew Larkin; Richard Evoy; Michael Barton; Aaron Phillips; Elena Peterson; Christopher Scaffidi; Julie B. Herbstman; Katrina M. Waters; Kim A. Anderson. Development of an environmental health tool linking chemical exposures, physical location and lung function. BMC Public Health 2019, 19, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Diana Rohlman, Holly M. Dixon, Laurel Kincl, Andrew Larkin, Richard Evoy, Michael Barton, Aaron Phillips, Elena Peterson, Christopher Scaffidi, Julie B. Herbstman, Katrina M. Waters, Kim A. Anderson. Development of an environmental health tool linking chemical exposures, physical location and lung function. BMC Public Health. 2019; 19 (1):1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diana Rohlman; Holly M. Dixon; Laurel Kincl; Andrew Larkin; Richard Evoy; Michael Barton; Aaron Phillips; Elena Peterson; Christopher Scaffidi; Julie B. Herbstman; Katrina M. Waters; Kim A. Anderson. 2019. "Development of an environmental health tool linking chemical exposures, physical location and lung function." BMC Public Health 19, no. 1: 1-14.

Validation study
Published: 11 March 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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In the U.S., privately owned wells are not subject to any regulatory testing requirements. Well owners must have sufficient environmental health literacy (EHL) to understand and interpret information that contain complex terms and labels to manage their water quality. The objective of this paper is to assess the performance and validity of a new EHL screening tool. The Water Environmental Literacy Level Scale (WELLS) is based on the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) and contains six questions on comprehension, calculations and application of information. Content validity was assessed from expert review. Criterion-related and construct validity were evaluated using an online, convenience sample of adults (n = 869). Percent of correct responses for items ranged from 53% to 96% for NVS and from 41% to 97% for WELLS. Completion time, mean scores, distributions, and internal consistency were equivalent between both scales. Higher scores suggest higher EHL. The scales were moderately correlated (ρ = 0.47, p < 0.001). Kappa agreement was 74%. Bland-Altman plots depicted little mean difference between the scales. Education and income level were positively associated with EHL. WELLS showed criterion-validity with NVS and construct validity with education and income. In practice or research, WELLS could quickly screen individuals for low EHL.

ACS Style

Veronica L. Irvin; Diana Rohlman; Amelia Vaughan; Rebecca Amantia; Claire Berlin; Molly L. Kile. Development and Validation of an Environmental Health Literacy Assessment Screening Tool for Domestic Well Owners: The Water Environmental Literacy Level Scale (WELLS). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 881 .

AMA Style

Veronica L. Irvin, Diana Rohlman, Amelia Vaughan, Rebecca Amantia, Claire Berlin, Molly L. Kile. Development and Validation of an Environmental Health Literacy Assessment Screening Tool for Domestic Well Owners: The Water Environmental Literacy Level Scale (WELLS). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (5):881.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Veronica L. Irvin; Diana Rohlman; Amelia Vaughan; Rebecca Amantia; Claire Berlin; Molly L. Kile. 2019. "Development and Validation of an Environmental Health Literacy Assessment Screening Tool for Domestic Well Owners: The Water Environmental Literacy Level Scale (WELLS)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 5: 881.

Journal article
Published: 24 January 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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In 2015, the Swinomish Indian Tribal Community (SITC) was impacted by an air toxic release from one of two nearby oil refineries. This experience motivated SITC members to learn more about their exposure to air toxics. On the invitation of SITC, this community-based study measured personal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and conducted interviews with the volunteers to evaluate perceptions of the data and experience of participating. Non-smoking SITC members were recruited in March 2016 (N = 10) and January 2017 (N = 22) with seven volunteers participating both times. Volunteers wore a wristband passive sampler for 7 days and completed daily activity diaries. Wristbands were analyzed for 62 PAHs using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Wilcoxon exact tests determined if the sum total PAHs (ΣPAH) differed by activity, proximity to the refineries, and time. Aggregated results were shared during community meetings, and volunteers received individual reports. Volunteers (N = 9) participated in individual interviews. All volunteers were exposed to different amounts and types of PAHs. Burning candles or using a wood stove and/or propane heating were associated with higher ΣPAH exposures. While ΣPAH was similar in both sampling periods, the composition of PAHs differed. More priority listed PAHs were detected in January (N = 17) versus March (N = 10). Among volunteers who participated in both sampling events, exposure to four PAHs significantly differed between seasons. Overall, volunteers reported that the study made them more aware of air pollution sources in their community. They also commented that the chemical nomenclature was difficult to understand, but appreciated the individual reports that allowed them to visually compare their data to the distribution of data collected in their community. For volunteers with lower exposures, these comparisons gave them relief. However, volunteers with higher exposures reported concern and several changed their behaviors to reduce their exposure to known PAH sources. This study provided an opportunity for SITC members to learn about their personal exposure to a class of air toxics within the context of their community. While the limitations of the study hindered the ability to identify sources of air toxics in the community, this activity appeared to raise awareness about ambient and indoor air pollution among the volunteers.

ACS Style

Diana Rohlman; Jamie Donatuto; Myk Heidt; Michael Barton; Larry Campbell; Kim A. Anderson; Molly L. Kile. A Case Study Describing a Community-Engaged Approach for Evaluating Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure in a Native American Community. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 327 .

AMA Style

Diana Rohlman, Jamie Donatuto, Myk Heidt, Michael Barton, Larry Campbell, Kim A. Anderson, Molly L. Kile. A Case Study Describing a Community-Engaged Approach for Evaluating Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure in a Native American Community. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (3):327.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diana Rohlman; Jamie Donatuto; Myk Heidt; Michael Barton; Larry Campbell; Kim A. Anderson; Molly L. Kile. 2019. "A Case Study Describing a Community-Engaged Approach for Evaluating Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure in a Native American Community." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3: 327.

Journal article
Published: 29 May 2018 in Environmental Pollution
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Natural gas extraction (NGE) has expanded rapidly in the United States in recent years. Despite concerns, there is little information about the effects of NGE on air quality or personal exposures of people living or working nearby. Recent research suggests NGE emits polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into air. This study used low-density polyethylene passive samplers to measure concentrations of PAHs in air near active (n = 3) and proposed (n = 2) NGE sites. At each site, two concentric rings of air samplers were placed around the active or proposed well pad location. Silicone wristbands were used to assess personal PAH exposures of participants (n = 19) living or working near the sampling sites. All samples were analyzed for 62 PAHs using GC-MS/MS, and point sources were estimated using the fluoranthene/pyrene isomer ratio. ∑PAH was significantly higher in air at active NGE sites (Wilcoxon rank sum test, p < 0.01). PAHs in air were also more petrogenic (petroleum-derived) at active NGE sites. This suggests that PAH mixtures at active NGE sites may have been affected by direct emissions from petroleum sources at these sites. ∑PAH was also significantly higher in wristbands from participants who had active NGE wells on their properties than from participants who did not (Wilcoxon rank sum test, p < 0.005). There was a significant positive correlation between ∑PAH in participants' wristbands and ∑PAH in air measured closest to participants’ homes or workplaces (simple linear regression, p < 0.0001). These findings suggest that living or working near an active NGE well may increase personal PAH exposure. This work also supports the utility of the silicone wristband to assess personal PAH exposure.

ACS Style

L. Blair Paulik; Kevin A. Hobbie; Diana Rohlman; Brian W. Smith; Richard P. Scott; Laurel Kincl; Erin N. Haynes; Kim A. Anderson. Environmental and individual PAH exposures near rural natural gas extraction. Environmental Pollution 2018, 241, 397 -405.

AMA Style

L. Blair Paulik, Kevin A. Hobbie, Diana Rohlman, Brian W. Smith, Richard P. Scott, Laurel Kincl, Erin N. Haynes, Kim A. Anderson. Environmental and individual PAH exposures near rural natural gas extraction. Environmental Pollution. 2018; 241 ():397-405.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L. Blair Paulik; Kevin A. Hobbie; Diana Rohlman; Brian W. Smith; Richard P. Scott; Laurel Kincl; Erin N. Haynes; Kim A. Anderson. 2018. "Environmental and individual PAH exposures near rural natural gas extraction." Environmental Pollution 241, no. : 397-405.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2016 in Environmental Justice
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One expectation of community-based participatory research (CBPR) is participant access to study results. However, reporting experimental data produced by studies involving biological measurements in the absence of clinical relevance can be challenging to scientists and participants. We applied best practices in data sharing to report the results of a study designed to explore polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons absorption, metabolism, and excretion following consumption of traditionally smoked salmon by members of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR). A dietary exposure study was developed, in which nine Tribal members consumed 50 g of traditionally smoked salmon and provided repeated urine samples over 24 hours. During recruitment, participants requested access to their data following analysis. Disclosing data is an important element of CBPR and must be treated with the same rigor as that given to the data analysis. The field of data disclosure is relatively new, but when handled correctly can improve education within the community, reduce distrust, and enhance environmental health literacy. Using the results from this study, we suggest mechanisms for sharing data with a Tribal community.

ACS Style

Diana Rohlman; Greta Frey; Molly L. Kile; Barbara Harper; Stuart Harris; Oleksii Motorykin; Staci L. Massey Simonich; Anna K. Harding. Communicating Results of a Dietary Exposure Study Following Consumption of Traditionally Smoked Salmon. Environmental Justice 2016, 9, 85 -92.

AMA Style

Diana Rohlman, Greta Frey, Molly L. Kile, Barbara Harper, Stuart Harris, Oleksii Motorykin, Staci L. Massey Simonich, Anna K. Harding. Communicating Results of a Dietary Exposure Study Following Consumption of Traditionally Smoked Salmon. Environmental Justice. 2016; 9 (3):85-92.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diana Rohlman; Greta Frey; Molly L. Kile; Barbara Harper; Stuart Harris; Oleksii Motorykin; Staci L. Massey Simonich; Anna K. Harding. 2016. "Communicating Results of a Dietary Exposure Study Following Consumption of Traditionally Smoked Salmon." Environmental Justice 9, no. 3: 85-92.

Journal article
Published: 16 November 2015 in The Journal of Immunology
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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation by high-affinity ligands mediates immunosuppression in association with increased regulatory T cells (Tregs), making this transcription factor an attractive therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. We recently discovered 10-chloro-7H-benzimidazo[2,1-a]benzo[de]iso-quinolin-7-one (10-Cl-BBQ), a nanomolar affinity AhR ligand with immunosuppressive activity and favorable pharmacologic properties. In this study, we tested the consequences of AhR activation in the NOD model. Oral 10-Cl-BBQ treatment prevented islet infiltration without clinical toxicity, whereas AhR-deficient NOD mice were not protected. Suppression of insulitis was associated with an increased frequency, but not total number, of Foxp3+ Tregs in the pancreas and pancreatic lymph nodes. The requirement for Foxp3+ cells in AhR-induced suppression of insulitis was tested using NOD.Foxp3DTR mice, which show extensive islet infiltration upon treatment with diphtheria toxin. AhR activation prevented the development of insulitis caused by the depletion of Foxp3+ cells, demonstrating that Foxp3+ cells are not required for AhR-mediated suppression and furthermore that the AhR pathway is able to compensate for the absence of Foxp3+ Tregs, countering current dogma. Concurrently, the development of disease-associated CD4+Nrp1+Foxp3−RORγt+ cells was inhibited by AhR activation. Taken together, 10-Cl-BBQ is an effective, nontoxic AhR ligand for the intervention of immune-mediated diseases that functions independently of Foxp3+ Tregs to suppress pathogenic T cell development.

ACS Style

Allison Ehrlich; Jamie M. Pennington; Xisheng Wang; Diana Rohlman; Sumit Punj; Christiane V. Löhr; Matthew T. Newman; Siva Kumar Kolluri; Nancy I. Kerkvliet. Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor by 10-Cl-BBQ Prevents Insulitis and Effector T Cell Development Independently of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells in Nonobese Diabetic Mice. The Journal of Immunology 2015, 196, 264 -273.

AMA Style

Allison Ehrlich, Jamie M. Pennington, Xisheng Wang, Diana Rohlman, Sumit Punj, Christiane V. Löhr, Matthew T. Newman, Siva Kumar Kolluri, Nancy I. Kerkvliet. Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor by 10-Cl-BBQ Prevents Insulitis and Effector T Cell Development Independently of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells in Nonobese Diabetic Mice. The Journal of Immunology. 2015; 196 (1):264-273.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Allison Ehrlich; Jamie M. Pennington; Xisheng Wang; Diana Rohlman; Sumit Punj; Christiane V. Löhr; Matthew T. Newman; Siva Kumar Kolluri; Nancy I. Kerkvliet. 2015. "Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor by 10-Cl-BBQ Prevents Insulitis and Effector T Cell Development Independently of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells in Nonobese Diabetic Mice." The Journal of Immunology 196, no. 1: 264-273.

Conference paper
Published: 01 August 2015 in 2015 Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design
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Health often depends as much on human choices as on physical phenomena: how people perceive their status and how they decide to respond affect their health and, more generally, their wellness. Supporting health and wellness with a cyber-physical system requires a holistic integration of components for remote monitoring of both physical and perceptual phenomena. This paper presents a system that meets this requirement through cyber-physical questionnaires, which trigger questions based on physical phenomena to record human perceptions. This prototype is a basis for future efforts aimed at evaluating the system in the field and expanding it not only to track human perceptions but also to affect choices and lifestyles.

ACS Style

Christopher Scaffidi; Laurel Kincl; Diana Rohlman; Kim Anderson. Linking the Physical with the Perceptual: Health and Exposure Monitoring with Cyber-physical Questionnaires. 2015 Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design 2015, 563 -566.

AMA Style

Christopher Scaffidi, Laurel Kincl, Diana Rohlman, Kim Anderson. Linking the Physical with the Perceptual: Health and Exposure Monitoring with Cyber-physical Questionnaires. 2015 Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design. 2015; ():563-566.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christopher Scaffidi; Laurel Kincl; Diana Rohlman; Kim Anderson. 2015. "Linking the Physical with the Perceptual: Health and Exposure Monitoring with Cyber-physical Questionnaires." 2015 Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design , no. : 563-566.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2015 in Environmental Justice
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In west Eugene (Oregon), community research indicates residents are disproportionately exposed to industrial air pollution and exhibit increased asthma incidence. In Carroll County (Ohio), recent increases in unconventional natural gas drilling sparked air quality concerns. These community concerns led to the development of a prototype mobile device to measure personal chemical exposure, location, and respiratory function. Working directly with the environmental justice (EJ) communities, the prototype was developed to 1) meet the needs of the community and 2) evaluate the use in EJ communities. The prototype was evaluated in three community focus groups (n = 25) to obtain feedback on the prototype and feasibility study design to evaluate the efficacy of the device to address community concerns. Focus groups were recorded and qualitatively analyzed with discrete feedback tabulated for further refinement. The prototype was improved by community feedback resulting in eight alterations/additions to software and instructional materials. Overall, focus group participants were supportive of the device and believed it would be a useful environmental health tool. The use of focus groups ensured that community members were engaged in the research design and development of a novel environmental health tool. We found that community-based research strategies resulted in a refined device as well as relevant research questions, specific to the EJ community needs and concerns.

ACS Style

Diana Rohlman; Laura Syron; Kevin Hobbie; Kim A. Anderson; Christopher Scaffidi; Daniel Sudakin; Elena S. Peterson; Katrina M. Waters; Erin Haynes; Lisa Arkin; Paul Feezel; Laurel Kincl. A Community-Based Approach to Developing a Mobile Device for Measuring Ambient Air Exposure, Location, and Respiratory Health. Environmental Justice 2015, 8, 126 -134.

AMA Style

Diana Rohlman, Laura Syron, Kevin Hobbie, Kim A. Anderson, Christopher Scaffidi, Daniel Sudakin, Elena S. Peterson, Katrina M. Waters, Erin Haynes, Lisa Arkin, Paul Feezel, Laurel Kincl. A Community-Based Approach to Developing a Mobile Device for Measuring Ambient Air Exposure, Location, and Respiratory Health. Environmental Justice. 2015; 8 (4):126-134.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diana Rohlman; Laura Syron; Kevin Hobbie; Kim A. Anderson; Christopher Scaffidi; Daniel Sudakin; Elena S. Peterson; Katrina M. Waters; Erin Haynes; Lisa Arkin; Paul Feezel; Laurel Kincl. 2015. "A Community-Based Approach to Developing a Mobile Device for Measuring Ambient Air Exposure, Location, and Respiratory Health." Environmental Justice 8, no. 4: 126-134.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2015 in Science of The Total Environment
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Few studies have been published on the excretion rates of parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and hydroxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) following oral exposure. This study investigated the metabolism and excretion rates of 4 parent PAHs and 10 OH-PAHs after the consumption of smoked salmon. Nine members of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation consumed 50 g of traditionally smoked salmon with breakfast and five urine samples were collected during the following 24 h. The concentrations of OH-PAHs increased from 43.9 μg/g creatinine for 2-OH-Nap to 349 ng/g creatinine for 1-OH-Pyr, 3 to 6 h post-consumption. Despite volunteers following a restricted diet, there appeared to be a secondary source of naphthalene and fluorene, which led to excretion efficiencies greater than 100%. For the parent PAHs that were detected in urine, the excretion efficiencies ranged from 13% for phenanthrene (and its metabolite) to 240% for naphthalene (and its metabolites). The half-lives for PAHs ranged from 1.4 h for retene to 3.3 h for pyrene. The half-lives for OH-PAHs were higher and ranged from 1.7 h for 9-OH-fluorene to 7.0 h for 3-OH-fluorene. The concentrations of most parent PAHs, and their metabolites, returned to the background levels 24 h post-consumption.

ACS Style

Oleksii Motorykin; Lisandra Santiago-Delgado; Diana Rohlman; Jill E. Schrlau; Barbara Harper; Stuart Harris; Anna Harding; Molly L. Kile; Staci L. Massey Simonich. Metabolism and excretion rates of parent and hydroxy-PAHs in urine collected after consumption of traditionally smoked salmon for Native American volunteers. Science of The Total Environment 2015, 514, 170 -177.

AMA Style

Oleksii Motorykin, Lisandra Santiago-Delgado, Diana Rohlman, Jill E. Schrlau, Barbara Harper, Stuart Harris, Anna Harding, Molly L. Kile, Staci L. Massey Simonich. Metabolism and excretion rates of parent and hydroxy-PAHs in urine collected after consumption of traditionally smoked salmon for Native American volunteers. Science of The Total Environment. 2015; 514 ():170-177.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oleksii Motorykin; Lisandra Santiago-Delgado; Diana Rohlman; Jill E. Schrlau; Barbara Harper; Stuart Harris; Anna Harding; Molly L. Kile; Staci L. Massey Simonich. 2015. "Metabolism and excretion rates of parent and hydroxy-PAHs in urine collected after consumption of traditionally smoked salmon for Native American volunteers." Science of The Total Environment 514, no. : 170-177.

Research article
Published: 19 February 2014 in PLoS ONE
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The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays multiple roles in regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. The ability of certain AhR ligands to induce regulatory T cells (Tregs) has generated interest in developing AhR ligands for therapeutic treatment of immune-mediated diseases. To this end, we designed a screen for novel Treg-inducing compounds based on our understanding of the mechanisms of Treg induction by the well-characterized immunosuppressive AhR ligand, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). We screened a ChemBridge small molecule library and identified 10-chloro-7H-benzimidazo[2,1-a]benzo[de]Iso-quinolin-7-one (10-Cl-BBQ) as a potent AhR ligand that was rapidly metabolized and not cytotoxic to proliferating T cells. Like TCDD,10-Cl-BBQ altered donor CD4+ T cell differentiation during the early stages of a graft versus host (GVH) response resulting in expression of high levels of CD25, CTLA-4 and ICOS, as well as several genes associated with Treg function. The Treg phenotype required AhR expression in the donor CD4+ T cells. Foxp3 was not expressed in the AhR-induced Tregs implicating AhR as an independent transcription factor for Treg induction. Structure-activity studies showed that unsubstituted BBQ as well as 4, 11-dichloro-BBQ were capable of inducing AhR-Tregs. Other substitutions reduced activation of AhR. Daily treatment with 10-Cl-BBQ during the GVH response prevented development of GVH disease in an AhR-dependent manner with no overt toxicity. Together, our data provide strong support for development of select BBQs that activate the AhR to induce Tregs for treatment of immune-mediated diseases.

ACS Style

Sumit Punj; Prasad Kopparapu; Hyo Sang Jang; Jessica L. Phillips; Jamie Pennington; Diana Rohlman; Edmond O’Donnell; Patrick L. Iversen; Siva Kumar Kolluri; Nancy I. Kerkvliet. Benzimidazoisoquinolines: A New Class of Rapidly Metabolized Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Ligands that Induce AhR-Dependent Tregs and Prevent Murine Graft-Versus-Host Disease. PLoS ONE 2014, 9, e88726 .

AMA Style

Sumit Punj, Prasad Kopparapu, Hyo Sang Jang, Jessica L. Phillips, Jamie Pennington, Diana Rohlman, Edmond O’Donnell, Patrick L. Iversen, Siva Kumar Kolluri, Nancy I. Kerkvliet. Benzimidazoisoquinolines: A New Class of Rapidly Metabolized Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Ligands that Induce AhR-Dependent Tregs and Prevent Murine Graft-Versus-Host Disease. PLoS ONE. 2014; 9 (2):e88726.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sumit Punj; Prasad Kopparapu; Hyo Sang Jang; Jessica L. Phillips; Jamie Pennington; Diana Rohlman; Edmond O’Donnell; Patrick L. Iversen; Siva Kumar Kolluri; Nancy I. Kerkvliet. 2014. "Benzimidazoisoquinolines: A New Class of Rapidly Metabolized Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Ligands that Induce AhR-Dependent Tregs and Prevent Murine Graft-Versus-Host Disease." PLoS ONE 9, no. 2: e88726.

Journal article
Published: 23 June 2013 in Toxicological Sciences
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Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by its prototypic ligand, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), induces potent suppression of an acute graft-versus-host (GVH) response and prevents GVH disease (GVHD). Suppression is associated with development of a regulatory population of donor CD4+ CD25+T-cells that express high levels of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4). However, a direct link between these AhR-induced Tregs (AhR-Tregs) and suppression of GVHD remains to be shown. CTLA-4 is a negative regulator of T-cell responses and is associated with the induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) that produce indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). We hypothesized that AhR-Tregs mediate suppression via their enhanced expression of CTLA-4, which, in turn, induces IFN-γ and IDO in host DCs. Subsequent depletion of tryptophan by IDO leads to termination of the donor T-cell response prior to development of effector CTL. Here, we show that despite increased expression of Ifng, Irf3, Irf7, Ido1, and Ido2 in the lymph nodes of TCDD-treated host mice, inhibition of IDO enzyme activity by 1-methyl-tryptophan was unable to relieve TCDD-mediated suppression of the GVH response. Furthermore, treatment with an anti-CTLA-4 antibody that blocks CTLA-4 signaling was also unable to alleviate TCDD-mediated suppression. Alternatively, we investigated the possibility that donor-derived AhR-Tregs produce IFN-γ to suppress effector CTL development. However, suppression of GVHD by TCDD was not affected by the use of Ifng-deficient donor cells. Together, these results indicate that neither overexpression of CTLA-4 nor production of IFN-γ by AhR-Tregs plays a major role in the manifestation of their immunosuppressive function in vivo.

ACS Style

Diana Rohlman; Sumit Punj; Jamie Pennington; Sam Bradford; Nancy I. Kerkvliet. Suppression of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Response by TCDD Is Independent of the CTLA-4-IFN-γ-IDO pathway. Toxicological Sciences 2013, 135, 81 -90.

AMA Style

Diana Rohlman, Sumit Punj, Jamie Pennington, Sam Bradford, Nancy I. Kerkvliet. Suppression of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Response by TCDD Is Independent of the CTLA-4-IFN-γ-IDO pathway. Toxicological Sciences. 2013; 135 (1):81-90.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diana Rohlman; Sumit Punj; Jamie Pennington; Sam Bradford; Nancy I. Kerkvliet. 2013. "Suppression of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Response by TCDD Is Independent of the CTLA-4-IFN-γ-IDO pathway." Toxicological Sciences 135, no. 1: 81-90.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2012 in Frontiers in Immunology
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Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by its prototypic ligand, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), mediates potent suppression of T-cell dependent immune responses. The suppressive effects of TCDD occur early during CD4+ T-cell differentiation in the absence of effects on proliferation and have recently been associated with the induction of AhR-dependent regulatory T-cells (Treg). Since AhR functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor, changes in gene expression induced by TCDD during the early stages of CD4+ T-cell differentiation are likely to reflect fundamental mechanisms of AhR action. A custom panel of genes associated with T-cell differentiation was used to query changes in gene expression induced by exposure to 1 nM TCDD. CD4+ T-cells from AhR+/+ and AhR-/- mice were cultured with cytokines known to polarize the differentiation of T-cells to various effector lineages. Treatment with TCDD induced expression of Cyp1a1, Cyp1b1 and Ahrr in CD4+ T-cells from AhR+/+ mice under all culture conditions, validating the presence and activation of AhR in these cells. The highest levels of AhR activation occurred under Th17 conditions at 24 hours and Tr1 conditions at 48 hours. Unexpectedly, expression levels of most genes associated with early T-cell differentiation were unaltered by AhR activation, including lineage-specific genes that drive CD4+ T-cell polarization. The major exception was AhR-dependent up-regulation of Il22 that was seen under all culture conditions. Independent of TCDD, AhR down-regulated the expression of Il17a and Rorc based on increased expression of these genes in AhR-deficient cells across culture conditions. These findings are consistent with a role for AhR in down-regulation of inflammatory immune responses and implicate IL-22 as a potential contributor to the immunosuppressive effects of TCDD.

ACS Style

Diana Rohlman; Duy Pham; Zhen Yu; Linda B. Steppan; Nancy I. Kerkvliet. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Perturbations in Gene Expression during Early Stages of CD4+ T-cell Differentiation. Frontiers in Immunology 2012, 3, 223 .

AMA Style

Diana Rohlman, Duy Pham, Zhen Yu, Linda B. Steppan, Nancy I. Kerkvliet. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Perturbations in Gene Expression during Early Stages of CD4+ T-cell Differentiation. Frontiers in Immunology. 2012; 3 ():223.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diana Rohlman; Duy Pham; Zhen Yu; Linda B. Steppan; Nancy I. Kerkvliet. 2012. "Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Perturbations in Gene Expression during Early Stages of CD4+ T-cell Differentiation." Frontiers in Immunology 3, no. : 223.