Third molar surgery is the most common procedure performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons worldwide. This article addresses the incidence of specific complications and, where possible, offers a preventive or management strategy. Complications, such as pain, dry socket, swelling, paresthesia of the lingual or inferior alveolar nerve, bleeding, and infection are most common. Factors thought to influence the incidence of complications after third molar removal include age, gender, medical history, oral contraceptives, presence of pericoronitis, poor oral hygiene, smoking, type of impaction, relationship of third molar to the inferior alveolar nerve, surgical time, surgical technique, surgeon experience, use of perioperative antibiotics, use of topical antiseptics, use of intra-socket medications, and anaesthetic technique.\ud For the general dental practitioner, as well as the oral and maxillofacial surgeon, it is important to be familiar with all the possible complications after this procedure. This improves patient education and leads to prevention, early recognition and management

The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and susceptibility to antibacterial agents of anaerobic strains in 118 patients with head and neck abscesses (31) and cellulitis (87). Odontogenic infection was the most common identified source, occurring in 73 (77.7 %) of 94 patients. The incidence of anaerobes in abscesses and cellulitis was 71 and 75.9 %, respectively, and that in patients before (31 patients) and after (87) the start of empirical treatment was 80.6 and 72.4 %, respectively. The detection rates of anaerobes in patients with odontogenic and other sources of infection were 82.2 and 71.4 %, respectively. In total, 174 anaerobic strains were found. The predominant bacteria were Prevotella (49 strains), Fusobacterium species (22), Actinomyces spp. (21), anaerobic cocci (20) and Eubacterium spp. (18). Bacteroides fragilis strains were isolated from 7 (5.9 %) specimens. The detection rate of Fusobacterium strains from non-treated patients (32.2 %) was higher than that from treated patients (13.8 %). Resistance rates to clindamycin and metronidazole of Gram-negative anaerobes were 5.4 and 2.5 %, respectively, and those of Gram-positive species were 4.5 and 58.3 %, respectively. One Prevotella strain was intermediately susceptible to ampicillin/sulbactam. In conclusion, the start of empirical treatment could influence the frequency or rate of isolation of Fusobacterium species. The involvement of the Bacteroides fragilis group in some head and neck infections should be considered.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a correlation between the expressions of four matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs): MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9 and MMP-13, and the TNM (tumour–node–metastasis) stages of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); and to explore the implication of these MMPs in OSCC dissemination. Samples from 61 patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal tumour were studied by immunohistochemistry against MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9 and MMP-13. The assessment of immunoreactivity was semi-quantitative. The results showed that MMP-2 and MMP-9 had similar expression patterns in the tumour cells with no changes in the immunoreactivity during tumour progression. MMP-9 always had the highest expression, whereas that of MMP-2 was moderate. MMP-7 showed a significant decrease in expression levels during tumour evolution. MMP-13 had constant expression levels within stage T2 and T3, but showed a remarkable decline in immunoreactivity in stage T4. No significant differences in the MMPs immunoreactivity between tumour cells and stroma were observed. Although strong evidence for the application of MMPs as reliable predictive markers for node metastasis was not acquired, we believe that combining patients’ MMPs expression intensity and clinical features may improve the diagnosis and prognosis. Strong evidence for the application of MMPs as reliable predictive markers for node metastasis was not acquired. Application of MMPs as prognostic indicators for the malignancy potential of OSCC might be considered in every case of tumour examination. We believe that combining patients’ MMPs expression intensity and clinical features may improve the process of making diagnosis and prognosis.

A The oral signs and symptoms may be reflect a undetected serious systemic diseases. Depending on the oral manifestation the dentists and physicians make attention and focusing on specific diagnoses. In some cases oral involvement may be frequently herald the onset of the disease which requires the dentists to better knowledge of changes in the oral cavity. In the oral cavity local symptoms and findings of leukemia include paleness of the oral mucosa with gingival bleeding that develops into painless gingival hyperplasia, petechiae, hemorrhages, and ulcerative necrotic lesionsBecause of their clinical importance, all such lesions deserve the full attention of the dental doctors. The aim is to evaluate in detail the oral complications of leukemia at initial presentation and present a clinical case of 54 old female with oral manifestation as initial signs of the disease

Oral leukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant disorder affecting oral cavity. Various surgical and non-surgical treatments have been reported, but currently there is no universal consensus on the most appropriate one and on the duration or interval of follow-up of patients with this condition.\ud The aim of this article is to present a review of the management of oral leukoplakia according to the literature until now.\ud Management of oral leukoplakia should begin with elimination of risk factors (if any) such as tobacco abuse, betel chewing, alcohol abuse, superimposed candida infection over the lesion etc.\ud Conservative treatment includes use of chemopreventive agents such as vitamins (vitamins A, C, E), fenretinide (Vitamin A analogue), carotenoids (beta-carotene, lycopene), bleomycin, protease inhibitor, anti-inflammatory drugs, green tea, curcuma etc.\ud Surgical treatment includes conventional surgery, electrocoagulation, cryosurgery, and laser surgery (excision or evaporation). The main purpose of oral leukoplakia management is to avoid malignant transformation of the lesion or if this happened to detect this in early stages