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Eucalypt seedlings differently modulate root morphology in response to phosphorus availability, with changes in the length or density of root hairs being more common that changes in root length. Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development and thus can restrict biomass accumulation when it is at low levels in the soil. Eucalypts cover large areas of planted forests in the world, including regions with naturally low P availability. This study was conducted to evaluate the morphological changes in the roots of seedlings of five eucalypt species: Eucalyptus acmenoides, E. globulus, E. grandis, E. tereticornis and Corymbia maculata in response to low P concentration. Seedlings were grown in pots with vermiculite and received a nutrient solution of low (25 μM), and sufficient concentration (500 μM) of P. Root hair length and density were evaluated in secondary root segments, and the production of plant biomass and P concentration in the shoots were determined. The species modulated root morphology differently in response to P limitation. E. tereticornis showed the lowest plasticity of these morphological traits in response to P concentration. The total root length increased in some species, but changes in the length and/or density of root hairs were the commonest response to low P concentration. P concentrations in the shoots and biomass production were not related to increase of root length or root hair density and length.
Samir Bichara; Paulo Mazzafera; Sara Adrian L. de Andrade. Root morphological changes in response to low phosphorus concentration in eucalypt species. Trees 2021, 1 -11.
AMA StyleSamir Bichara, Paulo Mazzafera, Sara Adrian L. de Andrade. Root morphological changes in response to low phosphorus concentration in eucalypt species. Trees. 2021; ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamir Bichara; Paulo Mazzafera; Sara Adrian L. de Andrade. 2021. "Root morphological changes in response to low phosphorus concentration in eucalypt species." Trees , no. : 1-11.
Beneficial plant–microbe interactions lead to physiological and biochemical changes that may result in plant-growth promotion. This study evaluated the effect of the interaction between sugarcane and endophytic bacterial strains on plant physiological and biochemical responses under two levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization. Six strains of endophytic bacteria, previously selected as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), were used to inoculate sugarcane mini stalks, with and without N fertilization. After 45 days, biomass production; shoot nutrient concentrations; foliar polyamine and free amino acid profiles; activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthase; and the relative transcript levels of the GS1, GS2, and SHR5 genes in sugarcane leaves were determined. All six endophytic strains promoted sugarcane growth, increasing shoot and root biomass, plant nutritional status, and the use efficiency of most nutrients. The inoculation-induced changes at the biochemical level altered the foliar free amino acid and polyamine profiles, mainly regarding the relative concentrations of citrulline, putrescine, glycine, alanine, glutamate, glutamine, proline, and aspartate. The transcription of GS1, GS2, and SHR5 was higher in the N fertilized seedlings, and almost not altered by endophytic bacterial strains. The endophytic strains promoted sugarcane seedlings growth mainly by improving nutrient efficiency. This improvement could not be explained by their ability to induce the production of amino acid and polyamine composts, or GS1, GS2, and SHR5, showing that complex interactions may be associated with enhancement of the sugarcane seedlings’ performance by endophytic bacteria. The strains demonstrated biotechnological potential for sugarcane seedling production.
Matheus Cipriano; Raquel Freitas-Iório; Maurício Dimitrov; Sara de Andrade; Eiko Kuramae; Adriana Silveira. Plant-Growth Endophytic Bacteria Improve Nutrient Use Efficiency and Modulate Foliar N-Metabolites in Sugarcane Seedling. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 479 .
AMA StyleMatheus Cipriano, Raquel Freitas-Iório, Maurício Dimitrov, Sara de Andrade, Eiko Kuramae, Adriana Silveira. Plant-Growth Endophytic Bacteria Improve Nutrient Use Efficiency and Modulate Foliar N-Metabolites in Sugarcane Seedling. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (3):479.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatheus Cipriano; Raquel Freitas-Iório; Maurício Dimitrov; Sara de Andrade; Eiko Kuramae; Adriana Silveira. 2021. "Plant-Growth Endophytic Bacteria Improve Nutrient Use Efficiency and Modulate Foliar N-Metabolites in Sugarcane Seedling." Microorganisms 9, no. 3: 479.
Manganese (Mn) is a nutrient that can cause phytotoxicity if above a threshold concentration. Acid soils are prone to excessive Mn levels that under certain environmental conditions may increase availability and exacerbate deleterious effects on plants. Apart from oxidative stress, excess Mn usually affects photosynthetic apparatus. Nonetheless, some plants are known to tolerate high Mn contents without negative consequences. We carried out a greenhouse experiment with two eucalypt species (Eucalyptus globulus and Corymbia citriodora), treated with four Mn additions in the soil substrate (0, 50, 150 and 300 mg kg−1) for 18 weeks. Before harvest, shoot height and the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters were assessed, then leaves, stems and roots were sampled, weighted and nutrients determined. Manganese addition increased height for both species while biomass production remained unchanged, even though foliar concentrations ranged from 600 to 800 mg kg−1 at the highest Mn in soil. High root-to-shoot translocation of Mn was observed, yet—contrary to our hypothesis—photochemical efficiency of photosystem II was barely affected, except for the slight decrease in C. citriodora under 300 mg kg−1 Mn. The capacity to accumulate high Mn in photosynthetic tissues without chlorophyll damage seems to be a feature of Mn tolerant species. Nutritional imbalances such as magnesium decrease due to Mn exposure was observed, but not enough to cause deficiency. Both eucalypt species were therefore tolerant to high Mn concentrations in soil, especially E. globulus, and have the potential to be employed in reforestation/afforestation of lands with high risk of Mn phytotoxicity.
Vinícius Henrique De Oliveira; Sara Adrián López de Andrade. Manganese accumulation and tolerance in Eucalyptus globulus and Corymbia citriodora seedlings under increasing soil Mn availability. New Forests 2020, 52, 697 -711.
AMA StyleVinícius Henrique De Oliveira, Sara Adrián López de Andrade. Manganese accumulation and tolerance in Eucalyptus globulus and Corymbia citriodora seedlings under increasing soil Mn availability. New Forests. 2020; 52 (4):697-711.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVinícius Henrique De Oliveira; Sara Adrián López de Andrade. 2020. "Manganese accumulation and tolerance in Eucalyptus globulus and Corymbia citriodora seedlings under increasing soil Mn availability." New Forests 52, no. 4: 697-711.
Roots acquire phosphorus (P) as orthophosphate (Pi) through phosphate transporters of the PHT1 family with different affinities to Pi, a process significantly influenced by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. However, scarce P availability may constrain nodulation and performance in legumes. Soybean (Glycine max) is an ideal model to study tripartite symbiosis between roots, AM fungi and rhizobia. To evaluate AM influence on GmPHT1 expression in roots and nodules, Bradyrhizobium elkanii-inoculated soybean plants were exposed to low Pi concentration (50 µM) via nutrient solution and inoculated (+ AM) or not (− AM) with the AM fungus Glomus macrocarpum. Control treatment consisted of non-inoculated plants grown under sufficient P conditions (500 µM; − AM + P). Plants were collected at the flowering and grain filling stages. Under P-starvation, mycorrhizal plants showed low intraradical colonization and did not differ in terms of biomass, nodulation and P content from the non-mycorrhizal plants, indicating strong P-limitation and no AM-related growth promotion. However, the expression profile of PHT1 transporters in roots and nodules was effectively altered by mycorrhization. P-starvation induced the expression of several GmPHT1 genes in roots and nodules, while AM symbiosis repressed GmPHT1;6, 7 and 10 in roots and GmPHT1;3, 5, 7, 8, and 10 in nodules. Therefore, even under low levels of root colonization, AM symbiosis significantly modulated the pattern of PHT1 expression under P-starvation. GmPHT1 expression profile suggests different pathways of Pi acquisition in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants during P-starvation, however, the low mycorrhizal colonization was not able to deliver adequate P nutrition to the plant.
Rafaela Gageti Bulgarelli; Vinicius H. De Oliveira; Sara Adrián López De Andrade. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis alters the expression of PHT1 phosphate transporters in roots and nodules of P-starved soybean plants. Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology 2020, 32, 1 -11.
AMA StyleRafaela Gageti Bulgarelli, Vinicius H. De Oliveira, Sara Adrián López De Andrade. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis alters the expression of PHT1 phosphate transporters in roots and nodules of P-starved soybean plants. Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology. 2020; 32 (3):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafaela Gageti Bulgarelli; Vinicius H. De Oliveira; Sara Adrián López De Andrade. 2020. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis alters the expression of PHT1 phosphate transporters in roots and nodules of P-starved soybean plants." Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology 32, no. 3: 1-11.
Sarah C.R. Souza; Lucas Anjos Souza; Marlene A. Schiavinato; Franklin M. De Oliveira Silva; Sara A.L. de Andrade. Corrigendum to “Zinc toxicity in seedlings of three trees from the Fabaceae associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi” [Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. (2020) 195 110450]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2020, 204, 111122 .
AMA StyleSarah C.R. Souza, Lucas Anjos Souza, Marlene A. Schiavinato, Franklin M. De Oliveira Silva, Sara A.L. de Andrade. Corrigendum to “Zinc toxicity in seedlings of three trees from the Fabaceae associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi” [Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. (2020) 195 110450]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2020; 204 ():111122.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarah C.R. Souza; Lucas Anjos Souza; Marlene A. Schiavinato; Franklin M. De Oliveira Silva; Sara A.L. de Andrade. 2020. "Corrigendum to “Zinc toxicity in seedlings of three trees from the Fabaceae associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi” [Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. (2020) 195 110450]." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 204, no. : 111122.
Due to diverse human activities zinc (Zn) may reach phytotoxic levels in the soil. Here, we evaluated the differential sensibility of three Brazilian tree species from the Fabaceae to increasing soil Zn concentrations and its physiological response to cope with excess Zn. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with the species: Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia, Erythrina speciosa and Schizolobium parahyba, and the addition of 0, 200, 400 and 600 mg Zn kg−1 to the soil. Plants were harvested after three months of cultivation, and growth, root symbiosis, biochemical markers and elemental composition were analyzed. Soil Zn addition reduced seedling growth, irrespective of the species, with a strong reduction in M. caesalpiniaefolia. Regarding root symbiosis, in N2-fixing species, nitrogenase activity was reduced by the highest Zn concentrations. Zn addition caused plants nutritional imbalances, mainly in roots. The content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves decreased up to 40%, suggesting that high Zn contents interfered with its biosynthesis, and altered the content of foliar polyamines and free amino acids, depending on the species and the soil Zn concentration. Zn toxicity in M. caesalpiniaefolia plants was observed at available soil Zn concentrations greater than 100 mg kg−1 (DTPA-extractable), being the most sensitive species and E. speciosa was moderately sensitive. S. parahyba was a moderately tolerant species, which seems to be related to polyamines accumulation and to mycorrhizal association. This last species has the potential for revegetation of areas with moderately high soil Zn concentration and for phytostabilization purposes. Future research evaluating the tolerance to multiple metal stress under field conditions should confirm S. parayba suitability in Zn contaminated areas of tropical regions.
Sarah C.R. Souza; Lucas Anjos Souza; Marlene A. Schiavinato; Franklin M. De Oliveira Silva; Sara A.L. de Andrade. Zinc toxicity in seedlings of three trees from the Fabaceae associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2020, 195, 110450 .
AMA StyleSarah C.R. Souza, Lucas Anjos Souza, Marlene A. Schiavinato, Franklin M. De Oliveira Silva, Sara A.L. de Andrade. Zinc toxicity in seedlings of three trees from the Fabaceae associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2020; 195 ():110450.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarah C.R. Souza; Lucas Anjos Souza; Marlene A. Schiavinato; Franklin M. De Oliveira Silva; Sara A.L. de Andrade. 2020. "Zinc toxicity in seedlings of three trees from the Fabaceae associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 195, no. : 110450.
Plant growth on harsh substrates (habitat specialization) requires specific traits to cope with stressful conditions. We tested whether traits related to nutrient acquisition (root colonization by fungal symbionts, and plant morphological and physiological specializations), and nutrient use (leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and N‐ and P‐remobilization efficiency), were related to habitat specialization for 27 species of Velloziaceae growing either in soil or on rocks in extremely P‐impoverished campos rupestres habitats. If habitat specialization were to drive trait sorting, then we expect traits to differ between those substrates. Both soil and rock‐dwelling species presented a very low proportion of root length colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark‐septate fungi. However, rhizosheaths were only observed in soil‐dwelling species, and vellozioid roots, a specialization that allows for mining P and dissolving quartzite rock, were mostly found in rock‐dwelling species. We did not observe differences in nutrient‐use traits between rock‐ and soil‐dwelling species. Root specializations are strongly correlated with microhabitats, and the presence of vellozioid roots seems to mediate bare rock specialization. There is an overall P limitation of plant productivity both on rock and in soil of campos rupestres, which does not drive the sorting of traits related to above‐ground nutrient use and symbiotic P acquisition. Therefore, nutrient impoverishment is indeed a very strong environmental filter in campos rupestres as a whole, but habitat specialization plays an important role in the spatial distribution of Velloziaceae between contrasting substrates.
Anna Abrahão; Patricia De Britto Costa; Grazielle S. Teodoro; Hans Lambers; Diego L. Nascimento; Sara Adrián López De Andrade; Megan H. Ryan; Rafael Silva Oliveira. Vellozioid roots allow for habitat specialization among rock‐ and soil‐dwelling Velloziaceae in campos rupestres. Functional Ecology 2019, 34, 442 -457.
AMA StyleAnna Abrahão, Patricia De Britto Costa, Grazielle S. Teodoro, Hans Lambers, Diego L. Nascimento, Sara Adrián López De Andrade, Megan H. Ryan, Rafael Silva Oliveira. Vellozioid roots allow for habitat specialization among rock‐ and soil‐dwelling Velloziaceae in campos rupestres. Functional Ecology. 2019; 34 (2):442-457.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Abrahão; Patricia De Britto Costa; Grazielle S. Teodoro; Hans Lambers; Diego L. Nascimento; Sara Adrián López De Andrade; Megan H. Ryan; Rafael Silva Oliveira. 2019. "Vellozioid roots allow for habitat specialization among rock‐ and soil‐dwelling Velloziaceae in campos rupestres." Functional Ecology 34, no. 2: 442-457.
Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the generation of beta‐diversity remains a challenge in ecology. Underground plant adaptations to environmental gradients have received relatively little attention. We studied plant nutrient‐acquisition strategies and nutrient‐use efficiency at three stages of pedogenesis in infertile soils from campos rupestres and on less infertile soil from cerrado sensu stricto in Brazil. All soils support very high plant diversity with high species turnover between soil types at small spatial scales (metres). We expected that differences in nutrient‐acquisition and ‐use strategies would be associated with this high species turnover. With severely decreasing phosphorus (P) availability, we expected the effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses for plant P acquisition to decrease, and reliance on nonmycorrhizal strategies (NM) to increase, while maintaining efficient nutrient use. Concentrations of total soil P and nitrogen (N) were greater in soils in cerrado than in those from campos rupestres, and the more weathered soils from campos rupestres were severely P and N impoverished. The proportion of the root length colonized by AM fungi was 71% in the soils from the cerrado and 70%), but only moderate N‐remobilization efficiency (~50%). Synthesis. We observed very high P‐use efficiency and moderately high N‐use efficiency in campos rupestres and cerrado species, consistent with plant productivity being more strongly limited by P than by N. Our findings demonstrate that different soil characteristics (nutrient availability and soil texture) select for species differing in nutrient‐acquisition and ‐use strategies (especially below‐ground traits) which is likely key for the very high species turnover at a very small scale between soil types (i.e., beta‐diversity) in campos rupestres and cerrado.
Anna Abrahão; Patricia De Britto Costa; Hans Lambers; Sara Adrián L. Andrade; Alexandra Christine Helena Frankland Sawaya; Megan H. Ryan; Rafael Silva Oliveira. Soil types select for plants with matching nutrient‐acquisition and ‐use traits in hyperdiverse and severely nutrient‐impoverished campos rupestres and cerrado in Central Brazil. Journal of Ecology 2018, 107, 1302 -1316.
AMA StyleAnna Abrahão, Patricia De Britto Costa, Hans Lambers, Sara Adrián L. Andrade, Alexandra Christine Helena Frankland Sawaya, Megan H. Ryan, Rafael Silva Oliveira. Soil types select for plants with matching nutrient‐acquisition and ‐use traits in hyperdiverse and severely nutrient‐impoverished campos rupestres and cerrado in Central Brazil. Journal of Ecology. 2018; 107 (3):1302-1316.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Abrahão; Patricia De Britto Costa; Hans Lambers; Sara Adrián L. Andrade; Alexandra Christine Helena Frankland Sawaya; Megan H. Ryan; Rafael Silva Oliveira. 2018. "Soil types select for plants with matching nutrient‐acquisition and ‐use traits in hyperdiverse and severely nutrient‐impoverished campos rupestres and cerrado in Central Brazil." Journal of Ecology 107, no. 3: 1302-1316.
Soil contamination with metal(oid)s is of concern due to deleterious effects on ecosystems, plant and human health. This study aimed at determining the potential of jack bean, Canavalia ensiformis, to be used as phytoremediator of soils contaminated with Pb, Zn and As from past mining activities in the Ribeira Valley, Brazil. A pot experiment was conducted using soils collected from two areas contaminated with different concentrations of Pb, As and Zn. Only in the most contaminated soil, elemental concentrations were above the limit established for agricultural purposes by Brazilian regulatory agencies. Plant tolerance was evaluated in terms of growth, elemental accumulation, establishment of root symbiosis, and biochemical indicators of metal toxicity. Plants were able to produce high biomass without signs of oxidative stress. The content of free-amino acids in leaves increased when plants grown in the soil with higher metal(oid) concentrations indicating changes in physiology. Mycorrhizal symbiosis was established; however, nodulation with native rhizobia was strongly inhibited in the most contaminated soil. Jack bean roots acted as a barrier to translocation retaining most of the absorbed metals, especially for Pb. The translocation index for Zn and As was higher than for Pb. In conclusion, jack bean plant could be considered of interest for phytostabilization of multi-element contaminated soils due to its high capacity for immobilizing potentially toxic elements in roots. Although Zn and As were more mobile and accumulated in concentration levels above phytotoxicity thresholds, C. ensiformis was a tolerant species.
Maíra Da Silva; Sara Adrián L. Andrade; Alfredo De-Campos. Phytoremediation Potential of Jack Bean Plant for Multi-Element Contaminated Soils From Ribeira Valley, Brazil. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 2018, 46, 1 .
AMA StyleMaíra Da Silva, Sara Adrián L. Andrade, Alfredo De-Campos. Phytoremediation Potential of Jack Bean Plant for Multi-Element Contaminated Soils From Ribeira Valley, Brazil. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water. 2018; 46 (6):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaíra Da Silva; Sara Adrián L. Andrade; Alfredo De-Campos. 2018. "Phytoremediation Potential of Jack Bean Plant for Multi-Element Contaminated Soils From Ribeira Valley, Brazil." CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 46, no. 6: 1.
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is one of the most ubiquitous plant symbioses, contributing to overall plant performance through nutritional and non-nutritional benefits. As result of mycorrhization, the active compounds derived from plants may be altered both quantitatively and qualitatively. The species Mikania glomerata Spreng. and Mikania laevigata Sch. Bip. ex Baker popularly called guaco, are widely distributed in the Americas and commonly cultivated as a popular remedy for respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of M. laevigata and M. glomerata to the inoculation of the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis (Blaszk., Wubet, Renker & Buscot) in terms of biomass and bioactive compound accumulation. Both species showed high colonization rates, which, in general, resulted in discrete effects on biomass production, whereas no growth-promoting effect was observed in M. glomerata; AM significantly increased foliar biomass production in M. laevigata. AM increased foliar P, K, Cu, Zn, and B concentrations in M. glomerata, and in M. laevigata, AM caused higher foliar Mg and lower Fe contents. Mycorrhization altered the contents of the bioactive compounds analyzed in a different manner for each species. Leaves of AM M. laevigata plants showed contents of the diterpene kaurenoic acid four times higher, suggesting an induction of terpenoid biosynthetic pathways. In M. glomerata, AM symbiosis reduced the contents of tricaffeoylquinic acids. This is, we believe, the first report showing the response of these species to mycorrhization and its influence on growth, mineral nutrition, and foliar contents of chemicals with bioactive properties, which are of increasing interest in pharmacological and food industries.
Claudia De Lazzari Almeida; Alexandra Christine Helena Frankland Sawaya; Sara Adrián López De Andrade. Mycorrhizal influence on the growth and bioactive compounds composition of two medicinal plants: Mikania glomerata Spreng. and Mikania laevigata Sch. Bip. ex Baker (Asteraceae). Brazilian Journal of Botany 2018, 41, 233 -240.
AMA StyleClaudia De Lazzari Almeida, Alexandra Christine Helena Frankland Sawaya, Sara Adrián López De Andrade. Mycorrhizal influence on the growth and bioactive compounds composition of two medicinal plants: Mikania glomerata Spreng. and Mikania laevigata Sch. Bip. ex Baker (Asteraceae). Brazilian Journal of Botany. 2018; 41 (1):233-240.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudia De Lazzari Almeida; Alexandra Christine Helena Frankland Sawaya; Sara Adrián López De Andrade. 2018. "Mycorrhizal influence on the growth and bioactive compounds composition of two medicinal plants: Mikania glomerata Spreng. and Mikania laevigata Sch. Bip. ex Baker (Asteraceae)." Brazilian Journal of Botany 41, no. 1: 233-240.
Rafaela Gageti Bulgarelli; Fernanda Castro Correia Marcos; Rafael Vasconcelos Ribeiro; Sara Adrián L. Andrade. Mycorrhizae enhance nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis in phosphorus-starved soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill). Environmental and Experimental Botany 2017, 140, 26 -33.
AMA StyleRafaela Gageti Bulgarelli, Fernanda Castro Correia Marcos, Rafael Vasconcelos Ribeiro, Sara Adrián L. Andrade. Mycorrhizae enhance nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis in phosphorus-starved soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill). Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2017; 140 ():26-33.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafaela Gageti Bulgarelli; Fernanda Castro Correia Marcos; Rafael Vasconcelos Ribeiro; Sara Adrián L. Andrade. 2017. "Mycorrhizae enhance nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis in phosphorus-starved soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill)." Environmental and Experimental Botany 140, no. : 26-33.
Environmental contamination has become a concerning issue worldwide due to number of risks it poses to human health and ecosystem functioning. Contaminants present in soils or waters can go up through the trophic chain via microbial or plant incorporation. Bio/Phytoremediation is an emerging technology for large-scale removal or detoxification of contaminants from the environment. It makes the use of plants and associated microbial communities to remove, transfer, or stabilize pollutants in an environmental friendly manner. This chapter discusses the biotechnological research including genetic engineering, hairy root culture, and identification of the genes or physiological processes in optimizing efficacy of plants as phytoremediators. Hairy root cultures constitute an important tool in phytoremediation research and may provide an ideal model system to identify the role of plants in phytoremediation. Future studies on hairy roots system in relation to phytoremediation should focus on the engineering of target genes involved in this process and to extend the basic hairy root phytoremediation model to the environment.
Sonia Malik; Sara Adrián L. Andrade; Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili; Randolph R. J. Arroo; Mercedes Bonfill; Paulo Mazzafera. Biotechnological Approaches for Bioremediation: In Vitro Hairy Root Culture. Reference Series in Phytochemistry 2017, 597 -619.
AMA StyleSonia Malik, Sara Adrián L. Andrade, Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili, Randolph R. J. Arroo, Mercedes Bonfill, Paulo Mazzafera. Biotechnological Approaches for Bioremediation: In Vitro Hairy Root Culture. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. 2017; ():597-619.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSonia Malik; Sara Adrián L. Andrade; Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili; Randolph R. J. Arroo; Mercedes Bonfill; Paulo Mazzafera. 2017. "Biotechnological Approaches for Bioremediation: In Vitro Hairy Root Culture." Reference Series in Phytochemistry , no. : 597-619.
Environmental contamination has become a concerning issue worldwide due to number of risks it poses to human health and ecosystem functioning. Contaminants present in soils or waters can go up through the trophic chain via microbial or plant incorporation. Bio/Phytoremediation is an emerging technology for large-scale removal or detoxification of contaminants from the environment. It makes the use of plants and associated microbial communities to remove, transfer, or stabilize pollutants in an environmental friendly manner. This chapter discusses the biotechnological research including genetic engineering, hairy root culture, and identification of the genes or physiological processes in optimizing efficacy of plants as phytoremediators. Hairy root cultures constitute an important tool in phytoremediation research and may provide an ideal model system to identify the role of plants in phytoremediation. Future studies on hairy roots system in relation to phytoremediation should focus on the engineering of target genes involved in this process and to extend the basic hairy root phytoremediation model to the environment.
Sonia Malik; Sara Adrián L. Andrade; Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili; Randolph R. J. Arroo; Mercedes Bonfill; Paulo Mazzafera. Biotechnological Approaches for Bioremediation: In Vitro Hairy Root Culture. Reference Series in Phytochemistry 2016, 1 -23.
AMA StyleSonia Malik, Sara Adrián L. Andrade, Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili, Randolph R. J. Arroo, Mercedes Bonfill, Paulo Mazzafera. Biotechnological Approaches for Bioremediation: In Vitro Hairy Root Culture. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. 2016; ():1-23.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSonia Malik; Sara Adrián L. Andrade; Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili; Randolph R. J. Arroo; Mercedes Bonfill; Paulo Mazzafera. 2016. "Biotechnological Approaches for Bioremediation: In Vitro Hairy Root Culture." Reference Series in Phytochemistry , no. : 1-23.
Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are plant nutrients; however, intracellular concentration must be kept within the sufficiency limits in order to adequately maintain metabolic functions. Like other organisms, plants have metallothioneins (MTs), which are cysteine-rich peptides that have been associated with metal homeostasis and detoxification because of their capacity to bind divalent metals. Nonetheless, the physiological roles of MTs are not completely understood and much is still unknown concerning their characterization in many higher plant species. In this study, MT expression was analyzed in leaves of Coffea arabica plants exposed to the absence or high levels of Cu and Zn in a nutrient solution, aiming to investigate the role of MTs in the maintenance of Cu and Zn homeostasis and in detoxification of excessive levels of these nutrients. At the same time, the studied MT sequences underwent phylogenetic analysis, showing that in C. arabica three of the studied MTs showed characteristics of three of the four different groups of plant MTs. It was observed that CaMT4 and CaMT15 belonged to group I but also presented characteristics of group II. CaMT3 showed protein characteristics of MT group II, and CaMT8 was positioned in type III MT clade. The expression levels of genes CaMT3, CaMT4, CaMT8, and CaMT15 were evaluated in leaves. The results indicated that MT type I, II, and III studied in C. arabica leaves are probably involved in Cu homeostasis and detoxification. However, further studies are needed to identify other MTs in coffee plants and specifically those involved in response to Zn, since the evaluation here showed a low response to excessive concentrations of this metal.
Rafaela Gagetti Bulgarelli; Pedro Araujo; Tiago Tezotto; Paulo Mazzafera; Sara Adrián L. Andrade. Expression of metallothionein genes in coffee leaves in response to the absence or excess of Cu and Zn. Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology 2016, 28, 371 -383.
AMA StyleRafaela Gagetti Bulgarelli, Pedro Araujo, Tiago Tezotto, Paulo Mazzafera, Sara Adrián L. Andrade. Expression of metallothionein genes in coffee leaves in response to the absence or excess of Cu and Zn. Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology. 2016; 28 (4):371-383.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafaela Gagetti Bulgarelli; Pedro Araujo; Tiago Tezotto; Paulo Mazzafera; Sara Adrián L. Andrade. 2016. "Expression of metallothionein genes in coffee leaves in response to the absence or excess of Cu and Zn." Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology 28, no. 4: 371-383.
The metalloid arsenic (As) increases in agricultural soils because of anthropogenic activities and may have phytotoxic effects depending on the available concentrations. Plant performance can be improved by arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) association under challenging conditions, such as those caused by excessive soil As levels. In this study, the influence of AM on CO2 assimilation, chlorophyll a fluorescence, SPAD-chlorophyll contents and plant growth was investigated in rice plants exposed to arsenate (AsV) or arsenite (AsIII) and inoculated or not with Rhizophagus irregularis. Under AsV and AsIII exposure, AM rice plants had greater biomass accumulation and relative chlorophyll content, increased water-use efficiency, higher carbon assimilation rate and higher stomatal conductance and transpiration rates than non-AM rice plants did. Chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis revealed significant differences in the response of AM-associated and -non-associated plants to As. Mycorrhization increased the maximum and actual quantum yields of photosystem II and the electron transport rate, maintaining higher values even under As exposure. Apart from the negative effects of AsV and AsIII on the photosynthetic rates and PSII efficiency in rice leaves, taken together, these results indicate that AM is able to sustain higher rice photosynthesis efficiency even under elevated As concentrations, especially when As is present as AsV.
Sara Adrian Lopez de Andrade; Adilson Pereira Domingues; Paulo Mazzafera. Photosynthesis is induced in rice plants that associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and are grown under arsenate and arsenite stress. Chemosphere 2015, 134, 141 -149.
AMA StyleSara Adrian Lopez de Andrade, Adilson Pereira Domingues, Paulo Mazzafera. Photosynthesis is induced in rice plants that associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and are grown under arsenate and arsenite stress. Chemosphere. 2015; 134 ():141-149.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara Adrian Lopez de Andrade; Adilson Pereira Domingues; Paulo Mazzafera. 2015. "Photosynthesis is induced in rice plants that associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and are grown under arsenate and arsenite stress." Chemosphere 134, no. : 141-149.
Soil contamination by lead (Pb) is a problem due to the persistence of this element on soil. High amounts of Pb in soil impair plant establishment, however some plants may increase tolerance to heavy metals when colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The leguminous plant, Calopogonium mucunoides, is Pb-sensitive that is tolerant to Pb when associated to AMF. We performed a chromatographic analysis of foliar free-amino acid in non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants to determine its relation with Pb tolerance. Mycorrhization caused drastic increase in aspartate, glutamine, glycine, threonine, alanine, isoleucine and gamma-aminobutiric acid (GABA), while depletion of asparagine, histidine and arginine was observed in AMF-associated plants. When grouped according to common metabolic precursor, it was found that amino acids derived from 3-phosphoglicerate and pyruvate was higher in mycorrhizal plants while amino acids derived from glucose-6-phosphate and 2-oxoglutarate were higher in non-mycorrhizal plants; phosphoenolpyruvate and oxaloacetate pathways were not influenced by mycorrhization. Summarizing, mycorrhization changed soluble amino acids profile in C. mucunoides leaves, especially aspartate, alanine and GABA, which may be involved in tolerance to abiotic stress. Additionally the depletion of asparagine, histidine and arginine may be related to a deviation for metabolic pathways not related to protein biosynthesis but to the synthesis of polyamines, especially in the case of arginine. Therefore, we suggest that mycorrhization influence on soluble free amino acid profile in leaves can be one of the factors involved with the attenuation of Pb toxicity in AMF-associated C. mucunoides plants.
Lucas Anjos Souza; Liliane Camargos; Marlene Aparecida Schiavinato; Sara Adrián López Andrade. Mycorrhization alters foliar soluble amino acid composition and influences tolerance to Pb in Calopogonium mucunoides. Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology 2014, 26, 211 -216.
AMA StyleLucas Anjos Souza, Liliane Camargos, Marlene Aparecida Schiavinato, Sara Adrián López Andrade. Mycorrhization alters foliar soluble amino acid composition and influences tolerance to Pb in Calopogonium mucunoides. Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology. 2014; 26 (3-4):211-216.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLucas Anjos Souza; Liliane Camargos; Marlene Aparecida Schiavinato; Sara Adrián López Andrade. 2014. "Mycorrhization alters foliar soluble amino acid composition and influences tolerance to Pb in Calopogonium mucunoides." Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology 26, no. 3-4: 211-216.
Sonia Malik; Sara Adrián L. Andrade; Alexandra Sawaya; Alexandra Bottcher; Paulo Mazzafera. Root-zone temperature alters alkaloid synthesis and accumulation in Catharanthus roseus and Nicotiana tabacum. Industrial Crops and Products 2013, 49, 318 -325.
AMA StyleSonia Malik, Sara Adrián L. Andrade, Alexandra Sawaya, Alexandra Bottcher, Paulo Mazzafera. Root-zone temperature alters alkaloid synthesis and accumulation in Catharanthus roseus and Nicotiana tabacum. Industrial Crops and Products. 2013; 49 ():318-325.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSonia Malik; Sara Adrián L. Andrade; Alexandra Sawaya; Alexandra Bottcher; Paulo Mazzafera. 2013. "Root-zone temperature alters alkaloid synthesis and accumulation in Catharanthus roseus and Nicotiana tabacum." Industrial Crops and Products 49, no. : 318-325.
A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of three Brazilian leguminous woody species, Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia, Erythrina speciosa and Schizolobium parahyba, for the revegetation of lead- (Pb-) contaminated areas. The response of seedlings to increasing Pb concentrations (0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg kg−1) in the soil was studied. In addition to Pb accumulation and translocation, the following parameters were assessed: chlorophyll, nitrate, ammonia, lipid peroxidation (MDA) and free amino acid content; seedling growth; and nitrogenase activity. No differences were observed in the germination of woody species seeds sown in soils with or without Pb addition. M. caesalpiniaefolia did not show visual symptoms of Pb toxicity, while the other two species demonstrated stress symptoms, including reduced shoot biomass yield, leaf area and height. Biochemical analyses of plant tissues revealed markedly different responses to increasing Pb concentrations, such as changes in foliar soluble amino acid composition in S. parahyba; changes in ammonia and nitrate content in E. speciosa, M. caesalpiniaefolia and S. parahyba; and changes in MDA content in S. parahyba. The levels of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid were affected in the species studied. For the Nitrogen-fixing (N2-fixing) species E. speciosa, an increase of Pb in the soil affected nodule formation and growth, which led to reduced nitrogenase activity in seedlings. The concentration of Pb in shoots and roots increased with the Pb concentration in soil. However, most of the Pb absorbed accumulated in the roots, and only a small fraction was translocated to aboveground parts. These findings were confirmed by the low bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) values for the three species. The tolerance index (TI) values suggested that M. caesalpiniaefolia, a N2-fixing tree, was the species that was most tolerant to high Pb concentrations in soil, while E. speciosa and S. parahyba showed moderate tolerance. Of the three Brazilian native woody species studied, M. caesalpiniaefolia was found to have the highest Pb tolerance and phytostabilisation potential in Pb-contaminated soils.
Sarah Caroline Ribeiro de Souza; Sara Adrián López de Andrade; Lucas Anjos de Souza; Marlene Aparecida Schiavinato. Lead tolerance and phytoremediation potential of Brazilian leguminous tree species at the seedling stage. Journal of Environmental Management 2012, 110, 299 -307.
AMA StyleSarah Caroline Ribeiro de Souza, Sara Adrián López de Andrade, Lucas Anjos de Souza, Marlene Aparecida Schiavinato. Lead tolerance and phytoremediation potential of Brazilian leguminous tree species at the seedling stage. Journal of Environmental Management. 2012; 110 ():299-307.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarah Caroline Ribeiro de Souza; Sara Adrián López de Andrade; Lucas Anjos de Souza; Marlene Aparecida Schiavinato. 2012. "Lead tolerance and phytoremediation potential of Brazilian leguminous tree species at the seedling stage." Journal of Environmental Management 110, no. : 299-307.
Frequently disregarded, plant associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can influence plant specialized metabolism with important ecological and/or economic implications. In this study, we report on both the influence of mycorrhization on the content of a wide range of alkaloids and differential gene expression of some enzymes involved in alkaloid biosynthetic pathways in the leaves and roots of Catharanthus roseus and Nicotiana tabacum plants. These plants were divided into several treatments: mycorrhizal, inoculated with AMF; non-AMF inoculated plants; and non-AMF inoculated plants with an extra supply of phosphorus. The contents of vindoline, vinblastine, vincristine, catharanthine, ajmalicine and serpentine in C. roseus and of nicotine, anabasine and nornicotine in N. tabacum tobacco plants were determined. Mycorrhizal inoculation increased ajmalicine and serpentine contents in C. roseus roots suggesting that mycorrhization had a greater influence on the accumulation of alkaloids in roots than it did in shoots. The youngest leaves of mycorrhizal C. roseus plants showed lower transcript levels of the genes analysed; however, in older leaves, the expression levels were higher when compared with the leaves of non-mycorrhizal plants. In the case of tobacco, higher leaf to root ratios for nicotine and anabasine were found in plants with a mycorrhizal association. Our results showed that mycorrhization changed the alkaloid content and expression pattern of the genes analysed in both species; however, differences were found between the roots and shoots. In nature, such changes may have a direct influence on the interactions between plants and insects (herbivory) and pathogens. These interactions must be studied further to reveal the ecological influence mycorrhizae may have on chemical defences in a broader sense.
S. A. L. Andrade; Sonia Malik; Alexandra Sawaya; Alexandra Bottcher; Paulo Mazzafera. Association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influences alkaloid synthesis and accumulation in Catharanthus roseus and Nicotiana tabacum plants. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 2012, 35, 867 -880.
AMA StyleS. A. L. Andrade, Sonia Malik, Alexandra Sawaya, Alexandra Bottcher, Paulo Mazzafera. Association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influences alkaloid synthesis and accumulation in Catharanthus roseus and Nicotiana tabacum plants. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2012; 35 (3):867-880.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. A. L. Andrade; Sonia Malik; Alexandra Sawaya; Alexandra Bottcher; Paulo Mazzafera. 2012. "Association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influences alkaloid synthesis and accumulation in Catharanthus roseus and Nicotiana tabacum plants." Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 35, no. 3: 867-880.
Marcelo Anselmo Oseas da Silva; Sara Adrián L. Andrade; Paulo Mazzafera; Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda. Evaluation of sunflower metabolism from zinc and selenium addition to the culture: A comparative metallomic study. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 2011, 307, 55 -60.
AMA StyleMarcelo Anselmo Oseas da Silva, Sara Adrián L. Andrade, Paulo Mazzafera, Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda. Evaluation of sunflower metabolism from zinc and selenium addition to the culture: A comparative metallomic study. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 2011; 307 (1-3):55-60.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcelo Anselmo Oseas da Silva; Sara Adrián L. Andrade; Paulo Mazzafera; Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda. 2011. "Evaluation of sunflower metabolism from zinc and selenium addition to the culture: A comparative metallomic study." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 307, no. 1-3: 55-60.