This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Social distance regulations have been suggested as one of the best ways to control and prevent the spread of COVID-19. Social connection and food are intertwined because both have played critical evolutionary roles in human survival. We tested whether the substitutability hypothesis in human motivation applies here in that cues signaling scarcity in one domain (e.g., social connection) might enhance the desire to acquire resources in another domain (e.g., food). We recruited 140 adults from Kaohsiung City (the largest city in southern Taiwan) to participate in a laboratory experiment. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either social distancing or neutral primes via an emotional-event recollection technique. The amount of ice cream eaten during a taste test and the self-reported likelihood of binge eating served as the dependent measures. We found that, compared with controls, participants primed with social distancing consumed more ice cream in a taste test and reported a greater likelihood that they would engage in binge eating if they were placed in home quarantine. We may be the first to provide experimental evidence that social distancing can enhance the desire for food. The link between social distancing and the desire for food is pertinent to understanding how strongly social distance regulations may influence weight gain. Our findings have far-reaching implications for weight control under social distance regulations for prevention and control of COVID-19.
Yevvon Yi-Chi Chang; Pai-Lu Wu; Wen-Bin Chiou. Thoughts of social distancing experiences affect food intake and hypothetical binge eating: Implications for people in home quarantine during COVID-19. Social Science & Medicine 2021, 284, 114218 .
AMA StyleYevvon Yi-Chi Chang, Pai-Lu Wu, Wen-Bin Chiou. Thoughts of social distancing experiences affect food intake and hypothetical binge eating: Implications for people in home quarantine during COVID-19. Social Science & Medicine. 2021; 284 ():114218.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYevvon Yi-Chi Chang; Pai-Lu Wu; Wen-Bin Chiou. 2021. "Thoughts of social distancing experiences affect food intake and hypothetical binge eating: Implications for people in home quarantine during COVID-19." Social Science & Medicine 284, no. : 114218.
Social distance regulations have been widely adopted during the global COVID‐19 pandemic. From an evolutionary perspective, social connection and money are interchangeable subsistence resources for human survival. The substitutability principle of human motivation posits that scarcity in one domain (e.g., social connection) could motivate people to acquire or maintain resources in another domain (e.g., money). Two experiments were conducted to test the possibility that COVID‐19 social distancing enhances the desire for money. Results showed that compared with controls, participants receiving social distancing primes (via recollection of experiences of social distancing or a Chinese glossary‐search task) offered less money in the dictator game, showed lower willingness towards charitable donation (Experiment 1; N = 102), donated less money to a student fund, and rated money as having more importance (Experiment 2; N = 140). Our findings have far‐reaching implications for financial decisions, charitable donations, and prosociality during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Chun‐Chia Lee; Yen‐Jung Chen; Pai‐Lu Wu; Wen‐Bin Chiou. An unintended consequence of social distance regulations: COVID‐19 social distancing promotes the desire for money. British Journal of Psychology 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleChun‐Chia Lee, Yen‐Jung Chen, Pai‐Lu Wu, Wen‐Bin Chiou. An unintended consequence of social distance regulations: COVID‐19 social distancing promotes the desire for money. British Journal of Psychology. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChun‐Chia Lee; Yen‐Jung Chen; Pai‐Lu Wu; Wen‐Bin Chiou. 2021. "An unintended consequence of social distance regulations: COVID‐19 social distancing promotes the desire for money." British Journal of Psychology , no. : 1.
Low engagement with climate change may stem from the tendency to discount the distant benefits of mitigation action. Hence, a reduced tendency to discount the future should be associated with increased involvement in climate change mitigation. Prior research has demonstrated that episodic future thinking (EFT; i.e., envisioning future events that involve self-projection) can reduce discounting. In two laboratory studies, we showed that engaging in EFT about mitigation action was associated with a lower discounting tendency toward future environmental gains (Experiments 1 and 2) and a greater tendency to act pro-environmentally, as manifested by using air conditioning in an energy-saving manner (Experiment 1), choosing a meal with less environmental impact (Experiment 2), and willingness to participate in beach cleaning (Experiment 2). The present findings suggest that engagement in EFT about mitigation action may represent a promising strategy for improving personal involvement in climate change.
Liang-Chu Ho; Yu-Hsien Sung; Chia-Chun Wu; Pei-Shan Lee; Wen-Bin Chiou. Envisaging Mitigation Action Can Induce Lower Discounting toward Future Environmental Gains and Promote Pro-Environmental Behavior. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9289 .
AMA StyleLiang-Chu Ho, Yu-Hsien Sung, Chia-Chun Wu, Pei-Shan Lee, Wen-Bin Chiou. Envisaging Mitigation Action Can Induce Lower Discounting toward Future Environmental Gains and Promote Pro-Environmental Behavior. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):9289.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiang-Chu Ho; Yu-Hsien Sung; Chia-Chun Wu; Pei-Shan Lee; Wen-Bin Chiou. 2020. "Envisaging Mitigation Action Can Induce Lower Discounting toward Future Environmental Gains and Promote Pro-Environmental Behavior." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 9289.
Social distance regulations have been suggested as one of the best ways to control and prevent the spread of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). Social connection and food are intertwined because both have played critical evolutionary roles in human survival. We tested whether the substitutability hypothesis in human motivation applies here in that cues signaling scarcity in one domain (e.g., social connection) might enhance the desire to acquire resources in another domain (e.g., food). In a laboratory experiment (N = 118), we found that, compared with controls, participants primed with social distancing consumed more ice cream in a taste test and reported a greater likelihood that they would engage in binge eating if they were placed in home quarantine. We may be the first to provide experimental evidence that social distancing can enhance the desire for food. The link between social distancing and the desire for food is pertinent to understanding how strongly social distance regulations may influence weight gain. Our findings have far-reaching implications for weight control under social distance regulations for prevention and control of COVID-19.
Yevvon Yi-Chi Chang; Wen-Hsiung Wu; Wen-Bin Chiou. Social distance regulation for control of COVID-19 may foster the global obesity pandemic: Social distancing increases the desire for food. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleYevvon Yi-Chi Chang, Wen-Hsiung Wu, Wen-Bin Chiou. Social distance regulation for control of COVID-19 may foster the global obesity pandemic: Social distancing increases the desire for food. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYevvon Yi-Chi Chang; Wen-Hsiung Wu; Wen-Bin Chiou. 2020. "Social distance regulation for control of COVID-19 may foster the global obesity pandemic: Social distancing increases the desire for food." , no. : 1.
People often underestimate their completion times of future tasks or events. The phenomenon of optimistic time prediction is called the planning fallacy. Prior research has demonstrated that individuals are less likely to make optimistic predictions about events that are temporally relatively close. Furthermore, events involving relatively more effort are perceived as temporally closer. Hence, we recruited 102 undergraduates and conducted an experiment to test whether a high-effort assignment would reduce perceived temporal distance to the deadline and, thereby, reduce the planning fallacy. The results showed that participants in the high-effort condition perceived the deadline as temporally closer, generated less optimistic time predictions and were less likely to commit the planning fallacy. The inverse relationship between the amount of required effort and the likelihood of committing the planning fallacy was mediated by perceived temporal distance to the deadline. Our findings provide an innovative approach for reducing the planning fallacy in students.
Chia-Chi Wang; Wen-Bin Chiou. Greater required effort may induce closer perceived proximity to the task deadline, leading to less underestimation of task completion time. Educational Psychology 2020, 1 -11.
AMA StyleChia-Chi Wang, Wen-Bin Chiou. Greater required effort may induce closer perceived proximity to the task deadline, leading to less underestimation of task completion time. Educational Psychology. 2020; ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChia-Chi Wang; Wen-Bin Chiou. 2020. "Greater required effort may induce closer perceived proximity to the task deadline, leading to less underestimation of task completion time." Educational Psychology , no. : 1-11.
Chien-Che Kao; Wen-Hsiung Wu; Wen-Bin Chiou. Exposure to nature may induce lower discounting and lead to healthier dietary choices. Journal of Environmental Psychology 2019, 65, 1 .
AMA StyleChien-Che Kao, Wen-Hsiung Wu, Wen-Bin Chiou. Exposure to nature may induce lower discounting and lead to healthier dietary choices. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 2019; 65 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChien-Che Kao; Wen-Hsiung Wu; Wen-Bin Chiou. 2019. "Exposure to nature may induce lower discounting and lead to healthier dietary choices." Journal of Environmental Psychology 65, no. : 1.
Previous studies regarding the effect of experiencing anger on creative performance have shown controversial findings. Some studies have reported that anger hampers creative performance, whereas others have shown that anger promotes cognitive motivation and improves creative performance. Anger is associated with hostility, threats, and conflict, states that are congruent with low agreeableness. In contrast, anger is incompatible with an agreeable individual's preference for harmony and peace. Experiencing this negative activating emotion should be demanding and stressful to them and thereby hamper creative task engagement. Accordingly, we conducted an experimental study to examine whether agreeableness moderated the association between anger and creative performance. A total of 128 undergraduates were randomly assigned to receive either induced anger or a neutral emotion and then completed a creativity task. We found that participants with lower levels of agreeableness showed better fluency, flexibility, and originality in creativity in the anger relative to the neutral‐emotion condition, whereas participants with higher levels of agreeableness showed better creative performance in the neutral emotion relative to the anger condition. The present findings not only provide a viable account for integrating inconsistent findings regarding the facilitating effect of anger on creativity but also contribute to contingent strategies for promoting creative performance.
Chien‐Che Kao; Wen‐Bin Chiou. The Moderating Role of Agreeableness in the Relationship between Experiencing Anger and Creative Performance. The Journal of Creative Behavior 2019, 54, 964 -974.
AMA StyleChien‐Che Kao, Wen‐Bin Chiou. The Moderating Role of Agreeableness in the Relationship between Experiencing Anger and Creative Performance. The Journal of Creative Behavior. 2019; 54 (4):964-974.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChien‐Che Kao; Wen‐Bin Chiou. 2019. "The Moderating Role of Agreeableness in the Relationship between Experiencing Anger and Creative Performance." The Journal of Creative Behavior 54, no. 4: 964-974.
Reducing temporal discounting may help smokers to reduce their smoking by improving inhibitory control. This study aimed to assess whether viewing pictures of natural versus urban scenes would cause participants to smoke fewer cigarettes mediated by lower temporal discounting. A single-factor (natural scene, urban scene and control) between-subjects design was employed. Laboratory at Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan. A community sample of 93 daily smokers. Participants were exposed to pictures of natural or urban scenes or no images (control). The discounting measure was implemented after the landscape exposure manipulation. Participants expressed their preferences related to winning a lottery by answering a series of nine binary choice questions, opting either to receive a certain amount of money immediately or varying amounts of money 1 year in the future. The dependent measure was cigarette consumption during an ostensible survey. Participants exposed to pictures of natural scenes smoked fewer cigarettes [mean = 1.1 cigarettes, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.7, 1.6] than did those exposed to pictures of urban scenes (mean = 2.1 cigarettes, 95% CI = 1.7, 2.6, 0.002) and control participants (mean = 1.8 cigarettes, 95% CI = 1.4, 2.3, 0.029). The discounting rate mediated the association between exposure to nature and the amount of smoking (B = -0.62, 95% CI = -1.07, -0.20, P < 0.01). Exposing smokers to pictures of natural landscapes may lead to reduced smoking by lowering temporal discounting.
Wen-Hsiung Wu; Wen-Bin Chiou. Exposure to pictures of natural landscapes may reduce cigarette smoking. Addiction 2019, 114, 1849 -1853.
AMA StyleWen-Hsiung Wu, Wen-Bin Chiou. Exposure to pictures of natural landscapes may reduce cigarette smoking. Addiction. 2019; 114 (10):1849-1853.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWen-Hsiung Wu; Wen-Bin Chiou. 2019. "Exposure to pictures of natural landscapes may reduce cigarette smoking." Addiction 114, no. 10: 1849-1853.
Research has found that many people view climate change as a psychologically distant, future threat, which leads them to be less motivated to engage in pro-environmental behavior. Engaging in episodic future thinking (EFT; projecting the self into the future to pre-experience future events) may facilitate the perception of future events as psychologically close, thereby increasing the perceived risk associated with those events. Therefore, engagement in EFT regarding climate change–related risks should induce higher risk perceptions and lead to acting pro-environmentally. In two experiments, we demonstrated that engaging in EFT to pre-experience climate change–related risk events was associated with a higher level of risk perception and a greater tendency toward pro-environmental behavior, including energy-saving use of air-conditioning (Experiment 1), willingness to participate in beach cleaning (Experiment 2), and choice of a meal with lower environmental impact (Experiment 2). The current research provides experimental evidence for an innovative approach to improving public engagement with climate change.
Pei-Shan Lee; Yu-Hsien Sung; Chia-Chun Wu; Liang-Chu Ho; Wen-Bin Chiou. Using Episodic Future Thinking to Pre-Experience Climate Change Increases Pro-Environmental Behavior. Environment and Behavior 2018, 52, 60 -81.
AMA StylePei-Shan Lee, Yu-Hsien Sung, Chia-Chun Wu, Liang-Chu Ho, Wen-Bin Chiou. Using Episodic Future Thinking to Pre-Experience Climate Change Increases Pro-Environmental Behavior. Environment and Behavior. 2018; 52 (1):60-81.
Chicago/Turabian StylePei-Shan Lee; Yu-Hsien Sung; Chia-Chun Wu; Liang-Chu Ho; Wen-Bin Chiou. 2018. "Using Episodic Future Thinking to Pre-Experience Climate Change Increases Pro-Environmental Behavior." Environment and Behavior 52, no. 1: 60-81.
Consumers tend to evaluate services based on the time required to perform such services, when the value of the latter positively correlates with efficiency. This study investigated how consumers use the efficiency heuristic, referring to the tendency of consumers to infer the value of a service from the perceived efficiency with which it is performed. We studied 81 participants who had experienced car problems. The relationship between time devoted to a given service and judgments about its value showed a quadratic trend, with an inverted U-shape, in regard to a service in which value was related to efficiency. Specifically, participants judged services to be more valuable when they involved relatively moderate amounts of time to complete, compared to when they involved comparatively shorter or longer periods of time. The current research suggests that when a service was judged in terms of efficiency, consumers seemed to apply the efficiency heuristic not only to the time required for service performance, but also to labor costs.
Liang-Chu Ho; Wen-Bin Chiou. The Shorter the Better? An Inverted U-Shape Relationship between Service Duration and Value Judgment in Efficiency-Focused Services. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 2018, 5, 1 .
AMA StyleLiang-Chu Ho, Wen-Bin Chiou. The Shorter the Better? An Inverted U-Shape Relationship between Service Duration and Value Judgment in Efficiency-Focused Services. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal. 2018; 5 (6):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiang-Chu Ho; Wen-Bin Chiou. 2018. "The Shorter the Better? An Inverted U-Shape Relationship between Service Duration and Value Judgment in Efficiency-Focused Services." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 5, no. 6: 1.
People frequently encounter sexual stimuli during Internet use. Research has shown that stimuli inducing sexual motivation can lead to greater impulsivity in men, as manifested in greater temporal discounting (i.e., a tendency to prefer smaller, immediate gains to larger, future ones). Extant findings in crime research suggest that delinquents tend to focus on short-term gains while failing to adequately think through the longer-term consequences of delinquent behavior. We experimentally tested the possibility that exposure to sexual stimuli is associated with the tendency to engage in cyber delinquency among men, as a result of their overly discounting remote consequences. In Experiment 1, participants exposed to pictures of “sexy” women were more likely to discount the future and were more inclined to make cyber-delinquent choices (e.g., cyberbullying, cyber fraud, cyber theft, and illegal downloading), compared with male participants who rated the sex appeal of less sexy opposite-sex pictures. However, these relationships were not observed in female participants exposed to either highly or less sexy pictures of men. In Experiment 2, male participants exposed to sexual primes showed a greater willingness to purchase a wide range of counterfeit rather than authentic products online and experienced a higher likelihood of logging into the other person's Facebook webpage (i.e., invading online privacy). The discounting tendency mediated the link between exposure to sexual primes and the inclination to engage in cyber-delinquent behavior. These findings provide insight into a strategy for reducing men's involvement in cyber delinquency; that is, through less exposure to sexual stimuli and promotion of delayed gratification. The current results suggest that the high availability of sexual stimuli in cyberspace may be more closely associated with men's cyber-delinquent behavior than previously thought.
Wen Cheng; Wen-Bin Chiou. Exposure to Sexual Stimuli Induces Greater Discounting Leading to Increased Involvement in Cyber Delinquency Among Men. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 2018, 21, 99 -104.
AMA StyleWen Cheng, Wen-Bin Chiou. Exposure to Sexual Stimuli Induces Greater Discounting Leading to Increased Involvement in Cyber Delinquency Among Men. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 2018; 21 (2):99-104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWen Cheng; Wen-Bin Chiou. 2018. "Exposure to Sexual Stimuli Induces Greater Discounting Leading to Increased Involvement in Cyber Delinquency Among Men." Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 21, no. 2: 99-104.
•Viewing pictures of sexy women leads to a state of low self-control in men.•Men with mating motivation may adopt dishonesty or cheating for enhancing mate attraction.•Exposure to sexual stimuli can increase men ' s engagement in immoral behavior. AbstractResearch has shown that viewing stimuli that induce mating or sex motivation can lead men to greater impulsivity, a manifestation of lower self-control. Recent advances in research on the connection between self-control and moral behavior indicate that low self-control is associated with increased dishonesty. From an evolutionary perspective, when mating motivation is activated, men may behave in dishonest ways by projecting characteristics in line with women ' s mate preferences to enhance their sexual attractiveness. We tested the possibility that exposure to pictures of sexually appealing women would engender lower self-control, leading men to behave dishonestly. The results showed that a state of lower self-control was observed in males who viewed sexy women but not in males who viewed unsexy women or in females who viewed men (Experiment 1). Compared with control participants, male participants exposed to pictures of sexy women were less likely to return excess money received for participating (Experiment 2) and more likely to cheat in a matrix task (Experiments 3 and 4). State self-control mediated the link between exposure to sexual stimuli and dishonest behavior in men (Experiments 2 and 4).The present findings suggest that ubiquitous sexual stimuli in daily life may be more closely associated with men ' s morally questionable behavior such as dishonesty or cheating than previously thought. For men whose mating motivation is heightened by exposure to sexual stimuli, dishonesty appears to be a tactic for projecting characteristics preferred by women (e.g., large economic resources).
Wen-Bin Chiou; Wen-Hsiung Wu; Wen Cheng. Self-control and honesty depend on exposure to pictures of the opposite sex in men but not women. Evolution and Human Behavior 2017, 38, 616 -625.
AMA StyleWen-Bin Chiou, Wen-Hsiung Wu, Wen Cheng. Self-control and honesty depend on exposure to pictures of the opposite sex in men but not women. Evolution and Human Behavior. 2017; 38 (5):616-625.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWen-Bin Chiou; Wen-Hsiung Wu; Wen Cheng. 2017. "Self-control and honesty depend on exposure to pictures of the opposite sex in men but not women." Evolution and Human Behavior 38, no. 5: 616-625.
Human morality entails a typical self-control dilemma in which one must conform to moral rules or socially desirable norms while exerting control over amoral, selfish impulses. Extant research regarding the connection between self-control and level of construal suggest that, compared with a low-level, concrete construal (highlighting means and resources, e.g., answering ‘how’ questions), a high-level, abstract construal (highlighting central goals, e.g., answering ‘why’ questions) promotes self-control. Hence, construing morality at higher levels rather than lower levels should engender greater self-control and, it follows, promote a tendency to perform moral acts. We conducted two experiments to show that answering “why” (high-level construal) vs. “how” (low-level construal) questions regarding morality was associated with a situational state of greater self-control, as indexed by less Stroop interference in the Stroop color-naming task (Experiments 1 and 2). Participants exposed to “why” questions regarding morality displayed a greater inclination for volunteerism (Experiment 1), showed a lower tendency toward selfishness in a dictator game (Experiment 2), and were more likely to return undeserved money (Experiment 2) compared with participants exposed to “how” questions regarding morality. In both experiments, self-control mediated the effect of a high-level construal of morality on dependent measures. The current research constitutes a new approach to promoting prosociality and moral education. Reminding people to think abstractly about human morality may help them to generate better control over the temptation to benefit from unethical acts and make it more likely that they will act morally.
Chia-Chun Wu; Wen-Hsiung Wu; Wen-Bin Chiou. Construing Morality at High versus Low Levels Induces Better Self-control, Leading to Moral Acts. Frontiers in Psychology 2017, 8, 1 .
AMA StyleChia-Chun Wu, Wen-Hsiung Wu, Wen-Bin Chiou. Construing Morality at High versus Low Levels Induces Better Self-control, Leading to Moral Acts. Frontiers in Psychology. 2017; 8 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChia-Chun Wu; Wen-Hsiung Wu; Wen-Bin Chiou. 2017. "Construing Morality at High versus Low Levels Induces Better Self-control, Leading to Moral Acts." Frontiers in Psychology 8, no. : 1.
Delay discounting refers to a pervasive tendency toward preferring smaller immediate gains over larger future gains. Recent empirical research has shown that episodic future thinking (EFT; i.e., projecting oneself into the future to pre-experience forthcoming events) can reduce the tendency toward discounting. A common tenet of psychological theories of crime is that delinquency results from focusing on short-term gains while failing to consider adequately the longer-term consequences of delinquent behavior. We investigated whether an EFT intervention involving the ideal self could induce lower discounting rates and, as a consequence, reduced delinquency. The results showed that, compared with control participants, participants engaging in EFT, that is, envisaging life events that would be experienced by their ideal selves, exhibited a lower discounting rate in a monetary choice task (Experiments 1 and 2), as well as a decreased tendency to make delinquent choices in imaginary scenarios (Experiment 1) and cheat in a matrix task (Experiment 2). The discounting tendency mediated the relationship between engaging in EFT pertaining to the ideal self and the tendency toward morally questionable behavior (Experiments 1 and 2). The findings of the two experiments indicate that engagement in EFT with a focus on the ideal self is sufficient to induce lower discounting rates, by promoting consideration of distant costs and thus increasing resistance to delinquent involvement and cheating (given the temptation of the immediate benefits that may accrue from such behavior). The current research constitutes an innovative approach to delinquency prevention and the promotion of morality.
Wen-Hsiung Wu; Wen Cheng; Wen-Bin Chiou. Episodic Future Thinking about the Ideal Self Induces Lower Discounting, Leading to a Decreased Tendency toward Cheating. Frontiers in Psychology 2017, 8, 1 .
AMA StyleWen-Hsiung Wu, Wen Cheng, Wen-Bin Chiou. Episodic Future Thinking about the Ideal Self Induces Lower Discounting, Leading to a Decreased Tendency toward Cheating. Frontiers in Psychology. 2017; 8 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWen-Hsiung Wu; Wen Cheng; Wen-Bin Chiou. 2017. "Episodic Future Thinking about the Ideal Self Induces Lower Discounting, Leading to a Decreased Tendency toward Cheating." Frontiers in Psychology 8, no. : 1.
Building on recent advances showing that the engagement in episodic future thinking (EFT) rather than semantic future thinking (SFT) can induce individuals to delay gratification and that activation of the ideal self may promote goal attainment, we tested whether imagining life events after smoking cessation led to lower discounting and reduced smoking. Ninety smokers (21 women, 69 men) with intentions to quit or reduce smoking were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental conditions: EFT, SFT, and control. The dependent measures were discounting rate and number of cigarettes smoked during an ostensible survey. The number of cigarettes smoked in the following week was also recorded. Participants who engaged in EFT that involved imagining positive life experiences after smoking cessation discounted the future less (M = 0.43, SD = 0.25) in a monetary choice task than did participants who engaged in SFT (M = 0.56, SD = 0.20) and control participants (M = 0.58, SD = 0.22). Participants under the EFT condition were less likely to smoke (50.0%) at a subsequent survey than were participants under the SFT condition (73.3%) and controls (80.0%). During the post-experimental week, the EFT group also smoked less (M = 88.90 cigarettes, SD = 30.12) than did the SFT group (M = 108.67 cigarettes, SD = 32.56) and the control group (M = 112.97 cigarettes, SD = 36.24). Our findings indicate that smokers who engage in EFT involving the self after smoking cessation show reduced smoking, and this suggests that EFT involving the ideal self (e.g., the nonsmoking self for smokers intending to quit or reduce smoking) may constitute a new approach to controlling impulsive or addictive behaviors.
Wen-Bin Chiou; Wen-Hsiung Wu. Episodic Future Thinking Involving the Nonsmoking Self Can Induce Lower Discounting and Cigarette Consumption. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 2017, 78, 106 -112.
AMA StyleWen-Bin Chiou, Wen-Hsiung Wu. Episodic Future Thinking Involving the Nonsmoking Self Can Induce Lower Discounting and Cigarette Consumption. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. 2017; 78 (1):106-112.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWen-Bin Chiou; Wen-Hsiung Wu. 2017. "Episodic Future Thinking Involving the Nonsmoking Self Can Induce Lower Discounting and Cigarette Consumption." Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 78, no. 1: 106-112.
People are beginning to develop symbiotic relationships with social networking sites (SNSs), which provide users with abundant opportunities for social interaction. We contend that if people perceive SNSs as sources of social connection, the idea of SNSs may reduce the desire to pursue offline social activities and offline pleasures. Experiment 1 demonstrated that priming with SNSs was associated with a weakened desirability of offline social activities and an increased inclination to work alone. Felt relatedness mediated the link between SNS primes and reduced desire to engage in offline social activities. Experiment 2 showed that exposure to SNS primes reduced the desirability of offline socializing and lowered the desire for offline pleasurable experiences as well. Moreover, heavy users were more susceptible to this detrimental effect. We provide the first experimental evidence that the idea of online social networking may modulate users' engagement in offline social activities and offline pleasures. Hence, online social networking may satisfy the need for relatedness but undercut the likelihood of reaping enjoyment from offline social life.
Shiang-Shiang Li; Yevvon Yi-Chi Chang; Wen-Bin Chiou. Things online social networking can take away: Reminders of social networking sites undermine the desirability of offline socializing and pleasures. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 2016, 58, 179 -184.
AMA StyleShiang-Shiang Li, Yevvon Yi-Chi Chang, Wen-Bin Chiou. Things online social networking can take away: Reminders of social networking sites undermine the desirability of offline socializing and pleasures. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. 2016; 58 (2):179-184.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShiang-Shiang Li; Yevvon Yi-Chi Chang; Wen-Bin Chiou. 2016. "Things online social networking can take away: Reminders of social networking sites undermine the desirability of offline socializing and pleasures." Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 58, no. 2: 179-184.
Social networking sites (SNSs) are extremely popular for providing users with a convenient platform for acquiring social connections and thereby feeling relatedness. Plenty of literature has shown that mental representations of social support can reduce the perception of physical pain. The current study tested whether thinking about SNS would interfere with users’ perceptions of experimentally induced pain. Ninety-six undergraduate Facebook users were recruited to participate in a priming-based experiment. They were randomly assigned to one of the three study conditions (SNS prime, neutral prime, or no prime) via rating the aesthetics of logos. The results showed that participants exposed to SNS primes reported less pain of immersion in hot water than did both control groups (neutral- and no-prime). Felt relatedness mediated the link between SNS primes and diminished pain perceptions. This research provides the first demonstration that thinking about SNS can lower experienced physical pain among Facebook users. Online social networking may serve as an analgesic buffer against pain experience than previously thought. The SNS-enabled analgesia has far reaching implications for pain relief applications and the enhancement of well-being in human-interaction techniques.
Liang‐Chu Ho; Wen‐Hsiung Wu; Wen‐Bin Chiou. Analgesic effect of Facebook: Priming with online social networking may boost felt relatedness that buffers against physical pain. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 2016, 57, 433 -436.
AMA StyleLiang‐Chu Ho, Wen‐Hsiung Wu, Wen‐Bin Chiou. Analgesic effect of Facebook: Priming with online social networking may boost felt relatedness that buffers against physical pain. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. 2016; 57 (5):433-436.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiang‐Chu Ho; Wen‐Hsiung Wu; Wen‐Bin Chiou. 2016. "Analgesic effect of Facebook: Priming with online social networking may boost felt relatedness that buffers against physical pain." Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 57, no. 5: 433-436.
The tendency to discount larger future benefits in favor of smaller immediate gains (i.e., temporal discounting) is relevant to the issue of obesity. Successful weight loss requires individuals to sacrifice immediate culinary pleasures in favor of future health gains. Based on the notion that increasing the vividness of one's future self may mitigate temporal discounting and promote the ability to delay gratification, we examined whether viewing one's weight-reduced self (i.e., the ideal self) in a virtual environment can decrease temporal discounting and lead to better regulation of dietary practices. Seventy-six undergraduates who had reported an intention to lose weight were recruited to participate in a laboratory experiment and were randomly assigned to interact with either the weight-reduced self (experimental condition) or the present self (control condition) by looking into a dressing mirror in a virtual fitting room. A temporal-discounting task and a taste test were subsequently administered. Results showed that, compared with control participants, participants who viewed their weight-reduced avatars ate less ice cream in a taste test and were more likely to choose a sugar-free drink as a reward. The discounting rate mediated the association between the avatar manipulation and the amount of ice cream eaten in the subsequent taste test. Overall, our findings suggest that a computer-generated image of one's weight-reduced self may assist in resisting impulses that promote immediate gratification over delayed benefits. This research provides a new approach for controlling impulsive behavior such as dietary regulation and weight control.
Hsu-Chan Kuo; Chun-Chia Lee; Wen-Bin Chiou. The Power of the Virtual Ideal Self in Weight Control: Weight-Reduced Avatars Can Enhance the Tendency to Delay Gratification and Regulate Dietary Practices. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 2016, 19, 80 -85.
AMA StyleHsu-Chan Kuo, Chun-Chia Lee, Wen-Bin Chiou. The Power of the Virtual Ideal Self in Weight Control: Weight-Reduced Avatars Can Enhance the Tendency to Delay Gratification and Regulate Dietary Practices. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 2016; 19 (2):80-85.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsu-Chan Kuo; Chun-Chia Lee; Wen-Bin Chiou. 2016. "The Power of the Virtual Ideal Self in Weight Control: Weight-Reduced Avatars Can Enhance the Tendency to Delay Gratification and Regulate Dietary Practices." Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 19, no. 2: 80-85.
The energy drink market has grown exponentially since the debut of Red Bull. Advertising of energy drinks tends to reinforce an emphasis on masculine identification. However, no previous study has addressed the symbolic effect of energy drinks on pain tolerance, that is, a particular masculine characteristic. We conducted a priming-based experiment to show that energy drink primes elevated men's pain tolerance. Induced conformity to masculinity norms mediated the priming effect of energy drinks on pain tolerance. These findings suggest that mere reminders of masculinity-related products can lead men to behave accordingly in seemingly irrelevant domains (i.e., pain tolerance). Besides distraction and placebo treatment, the connection between a symbolic masculinity prime and greater tolerance of pain may shed lights on an alternative route for pain control.
Darren Abetkoff; Torulf Karlsson; Wen-Bin Chiou. Real men are made, not born! Incidental exposure to energy drinks may promote men's tolerance of physical pain. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 2015, 56, 622 -625.
AMA StyleDarren Abetkoff, Torulf Karlsson, Wen-Bin Chiou. Real men are made, not born! Incidental exposure to energy drinks may promote men's tolerance of physical pain. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. 2015; 56 (6):622-625.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDarren Abetkoff; Torulf Karlsson; Wen-Bin Chiou. 2015. "Real men are made, not born! Incidental exposure to energy drinks may promote men's tolerance of physical pain." Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 56, no. 6: 622-625.
Yevvon Yi-Chi Chang; Wen-Bin Chiou. Means Yield to Ends in Weight Loss: Focusing on “How” vs “Why” Aspects of Losing Weight Can Lead to Poorer Regulation of Dietary Practices. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 2015, 115, 1387 -1391.
AMA StyleYevvon Yi-Chi Chang, Wen-Bin Chiou. Means Yield to Ends in Weight Loss: Focusing on “How” vs “Why” Aspects of Losing Weight Can Lead to Poorer Regulation of Dietary Practices. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2015; 115 (9):1387-1391.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYevvon Yi-Chi Chang; Wen-Bin Chiou. 2015. "Means Yield to Ends in Weight Loss: Focusing on “How” vs “Why” Aspects of Losing Weight Can Lead to Poorer Regulation of Dietary Practices." Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 115, no. 9: 1387-1391.