As 3D cadastres offer advantages in several areas by providing information with greater accuracy and a high level of detail, a diagnosis of the cadastral situation is required prior to the implementation of a 3D cadastral model. Therefore, this study focuses on diagnosing the urban cadastral situation in Ecuador based on an analysis of eight cantonal decentralized autonomous governments that were selected primarily for the availability of their cadastral information. The twelve characteristics included in the analysis supported the definition of a cadastral development scale based on the fulfillment of each characteristic. The official cadastral databases, meetings, and interviews with personnel related to the cadastres were used in the analysis to gain in-depth knowledge of the situation in each canton. The findings demonstrated that most cantons had similar characteristics and are at an intermediate level of cadastral development. Therefore, there is the need for cantons to have standardized cadastral information in accordance with national and international regulations. Thus, in this research, we developed an initial Ecuadorian land administration domain model country profile to initiate the transition towards 3D cadastre.

The global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) have become important in conjunction with the advancement of technology, in order to improve the accuracy of positioning and navigation on mobile devices. In the current project, a mobile application for navigation using the network transport of restricted test case modeling (RTCM) via internet protocol (NTRIP) was developed, and it has been focused on the autonomous mobility of people with visual disabilities. This occurred through a web viewer that stores the base cartography in a genome database (GDB). Such information is integrated into the application interface with Java Script language within the Android Studio platform, with a personalized design. This incorporates a screen reader for selection, navigation and direction of destinations, in addition to an early warning system for obstacles. Additionally, a differential position correction was implemented using the BKG Ntrip Client (BNC) software, for the adjustment of coordinates with the precise point positioning (PPP) method through streams in the format of RTCM with casters EPEC3, IGS03 and BCEP00BKG0. The evaluation of the application was performed using the National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA), establishing 30 control points. These were obtained through the fast static method, in order to compare the horizontal accuracy of the observations in static and navigation modes between high-end and mid-range mobile devices.

Landslides are the most recurrent natural hazards in the Metropolitan District of Quito (DMQ), affecting sometimes lives but extremely frequently and severely the traffic and associated infrastructure. The present research proposes the calculation of the landslide susceptibility cartographic model in the city of Quito and its main highway, the Simón Bolívar avenue, using the Fuzzy logic and multicriteria evaluation techniques in geographic information systems (GIS). Based on the Today and the past son key to the future principle, landslides have been located using aerial photographs and field work. Based on the characteristics of historical landslides, photointerpreted and previous studies, the causal factors have been variable such as topography, structural geology, lithology, precipitation, water network, vegetation cover, among others. Each factor has been processed, analyzed and standardized according to its relationship to the occurrence of landslides, by means of a sinusoidal linked function that assigns to each element a degree of correlation [0, 1] to the diffuse set. The landslide vulnerability map has been obtained from the combination of causal factors by map algebra, such as weighting techniques that include the hierarchical analysis process (HAP) and the weighted linear line (WLL), whose validation considered the locations of inventoried landslides. According to the susceptibility map, 5 % of the direct study area has critical, 19 % high, 58 % average and 18 % low sensitivity. The quality of the results has been validated according to their standard error and adjustment value, being 0.216 and 78.4 %, respectively.