Thirty bacterial isolates were tested on three different media for Poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production. The best bacterial isolates for producing PHB were screened and identified based on molecular biology; then, using three different alternative carbon sources (dried whey, sugar beet molasses and date molasses), physical properties were evaluated by Infrared (IR) spectrometry and Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis. Our results showed that the best isolates identified based on molecular biology were Bacillus paramycoides MCCC 1A04098, Azotobacter salinestris NBRC 102611 and Brevundimonas naejangsanensis BIO-TAS2-2. The addition of sugar beet molasses to the medium of A. salinestris increased the cell dry weight (CDW), PHB concentration, PHB% and conversion coefficient (4.97 g/L, 1.56 g/L, 31.38% and 23.92%, respectively). The correlation coefficient values between PHB g/L and CDW g/L varied between very strong and moderate positive correlation. IR of the produced PHB from B. paramycoides and A. salinestris showed similar bands which confirmed the presence of PHB; however, B. naejangsanensis showed weak bands, indicating lower PHB concentration. The chemical composition obtained showed that the GC-MS of the PHB extracted represents 2, 4-ditert-butylphenol for B. paramycoides and isopropyl ester of 2-butenoic acid for both of A. salinestris and Brevundimonas naejangsanensis. Therefore, PHB produced by microorganisms can be considered a biodegradable polyester, and represents a promising technique for the development of eco-friendly and fully biodegradable plastics.

Five isolates of Aspergillus spp. were isolated from stored wheat cereal and peanuts (groundnuts) in the El-Monofiya governorate in Egypt. The isolates were identified using morphological and microscopic properties. The ITS (internally transcribed spacer) region was found in the location of 600 bp. Results compared with data in GenBank confirmed thatthree isolates belonged to Aspergillus flavus and two isolates belonged to Aspergillus parasiticus. Three strains of Aspergillus flavus (Af1, Af2 and Af3) and two isolates of Aspergillus parasiticus (Ap4 and Ap5) were tested to produce aflatoxin on Czapek’s agar medium. To distinguish between aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic isolates, TLC (thin layer chromatography) and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) were used. The TLC technique was previously used to quantify aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1 and G2) of five strainsof Aspergillus. Three strains Af1, Af2 and Af3 gave B2 (50 μg/kg). The other strains Ap4 and Ap5 gave B1 (50 μg/kg) and G1 (75 μg/kg) for Ap4 and G2 (100 μg/kg) for Ap5. The DNA from all isolates has been extracted and amplified by PCR to encode target genes for the development of toxins (omt-A). It was observed in 3 (60%) of isolates Af1, Af2 & Af3 that the genes O-methyltransferase gene (omt-A) 300 bp. In addition, four SCoT primers and six ISSR primers were used to genetically link five Aspergillus spp. All five strains were divided into two groups for ISSR and SCoT primers. ISSR and SCOT analysis yielded similar results with TLC and aflatoxin-specific genes.

A power of genetic selection is for producing new pure strains of interest species. The interest genes that are specifically expressed must be identified to develop the criterion of selection. The short period of Mung bean development could adapt to a broad sense of different factors such as agro- and eco-systems, plant rotation, plantation, and variety of germplasm. Three field experiments were carried out under the condition of Egyptian soil between Branch of Genetics, Department of Agricultural Plant, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo, Al-Azhar University and Genetic Origins Department Research, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Bahteem Station, Qalyubia, Egypt on Mung bean. The genetic improvement and cultivars production of four strains of Mung bean was studied using gamma rays through selection and molecular studies techniques. The interaction between Mung bean strains and exposure to a dose of 40Gy of gamma rays had a significant effect on the characteristics of plant height (cm), number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, Pod length (cm), number of seeds/plant and total protein (%) at the level of significance (P< 0.05). The present research can provide the information of morphological and molecular characters of Mung bean. It is hoped that these finding are useful in new Genotypes confirmation. The position of bands by SCoT will provide the characters of identification of this plant.

Atropa belladonna is the most important commercial source of pharmaceutical tropane alkaloids such as Atropine, Scopolamine, and Hyoscyamine.The current study aims to investigate the effects of 6 different helium-neon laser doses (0.0, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 J cm-2) and exposure conditions on callus fresh weight and apply biotechnological tools as alternative approach for increasing the accumulation of active agents (atropine) of A. belladonna plant using abiotic elicitors salicylic acid precursor feeding. After treatment they were analyzed by a photograph illustrating the banding profile produced by the twelve ISSR primers DNA under the six investigated laser radiation doses and HPLC technique was applied to determine Atropine, Scopolamine and Hyoscyamine contents. The results showed that the highest callus fresh weight, callus dry weight was achieved by callus derived from (leaves and stem) explants, which was cultured on (MS) medium supplemented with different combinations among different concentrations of growth regulators as NAA, 2,4-D, Kin and BAP (at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/l). On the other hand all treatments of callus tissue had affected the content of medically active constituents of Atropa belladonna. This study suggests a more efficient method for commercially large-scale production of Atropine, Scopolamine, and Hyoscyamine by A. belladonna plants.

The most important commercial source of pharmaceutical tropane alkaloids such as Atropine, Scopolamine, and Hyoscyamine is Atropa belladonna. The current study is to investigate both effects of different helium-neon laser doses (0.0, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 J cm-2) and exposure conditions on callus fresh weight and apply biotechnological tools as alternative approach for increasing the accumulation of active agents (atropine) of A. belladonna plant using abiotic elicitors salicylic acid precursor feeding. After treatment they were analyzed by A photograph illustrating the banding profile produced by the twelve ISSR primers DNA in the six laser radiations (0.0, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 J cm-2) was in volved and HPLC technique was applied to determine Atropine, Scopolamine and Hyoscyamine contents. The results showed that the highest callus fresh weight, callus dry weight was achieved by callus derived from (leaves and stem) explants, which was cultured on (MS) medium supplemented with different combinations among different concentrations of growth regulators as NAA, 2,4-D, Kin and BAP (at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/l). On the other hand all treatment of callus tissue had affected the content of medically active constituents of Atropa belladonna. This study suggests a more efficient method for commercially large-scale production of Atropine, Scopolamine, and Hyoscyamine by A. belladonna plants.

Vicia faba L. is the most vital legumes and widely cultivated in all the world. Cultivation of tolerant genetic variants is the correct way to avoid the influences of drought on crops. Allocated space adequacy of genetic difference in commercial bean cultivars. Molecular markers are benfial tools for choice among sorts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic and morphological variations to for further application in plant breeding research. In this study, five simple sequence repeats (SSR) primers were used to explain genetic and morphological diversity from 18 Egyptian faba beans cultivars were collected from different places in Egypt; 14 lines from different population in addition Giza 2, Giza 3 and 716 Giza and T.W from Sudan. The results of this study, SSR markers are effective in estimating the germplasm of Egyptian beans. SSR markers results ranged from 15bp to 202bp with average of allele number 9.2 allele/markers. In addition, the morphological variation showed that obvious differences between the 18 genotypes in the 2018 and 2019 seasons also. Data results from SSR and quantitative traits showed that the best nine genotypes were in vegetative traits and tolerating conditions in Egypt Giza 2, L.168, L.171, L.175, L.180 B, L.180 C, L.219, L.223 then T.W compared with the all genotypes and the cultivated varieties.