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Dr. Don Cameron
University of South Australia, UniSA STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics)Adelaide, South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus (5095), Australia

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Expansive Soils
0 Ground movement
0 Water demand of vegetation
0 Footing design for houses
0 Unbound pavements

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Expansive Soils
Footing design for houses

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Research paper
Published: 27 July 2021 in Acta Geotechnica
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Expansive soils, or reactive soils, experience moisture changes under the prevailing climate conditions, leading to shrink during dry periods and swell in wet months. Houses founded on such problematic soils are subjected to considerable ground surface movements, which can greatly affect the function and performance of buildings. Such movements will increase with the presence of a tree or tree groups nearby since tree roots can extract considerable amounts of water from soils, resulting in localized shrinkage settlement. In this study, a field site was selected with a large native spotted gum tree in a well-established eastern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria. The site and tree are fully instrumented. Surface and sub-surface movement pads, in situ soil psychrometers and neutron moisture meter access holes were installed to evaluate soil moisture/suction changes and subsequent ground movements. A sap flow meter that incorporated the heat ratio method was installed on the north side of the main trunk of the tree at breast height to enable sap velocity and sap flow volume to be closely monitored. Soil types, degree of reactivity and capability of soil water retention have been evaluated through a number of laboratory soil tests including shrink-swells, Atterberg limits, and soil water characteristic curve determination. This paper presents the preliminary monitoring results for a period of 6 months. Valuable field data such as this can help geotechnical engineers and practitioners to get a better understanding of the physical processes that drive tree root-expansive soil interaction and in time improve the current footing design guidelines.

ACS Style

Xi Sun; Jie Li; Donald Cameron; Annan Zhou. Field monitoring and assessment of the impact of a large eucalypt on soil desiccation. Acta Geotechnica 2021, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Xi Sun, Jie Li, Donald Cameron, Annan Zhou. Field monitoring and assessment of the impact of a large eucalypt on soil desiccation. Acta Geotechnica. 2021; ():1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xi Sun; Jie Li; Donald Cameron; Annan Zhou. 2021. "Field monitoring and assessment of the impact of a large eucalypt on soil desiccation." Acta Geotechnica , no. : 1-14.

Short communication
Published: 11 June 2019 in Soils and Foundations
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The characteristic features of a series of isotropically and K0-consolidated undrained triaxial compression behaviour of a silty sand were investigated for a range of initial void ratio (e) and mean effective confining stress (p′). The silty sand used in this study contained about 10% natural fines. The critical state line (CSL) of K0-consolidated specimens, K0U was slightly lower than the CSL for isotropically consolidated specimens, CIU. The respective CSLs for K0U and CIU were used to define state indices, such as state parameter (ψ), state index (Is), state pressure index (Ip) and modified state parameter (ψm), within critical state soil mechanics (CSSM) framework. It was found that each state index exhibit a unique relation with liquefaction potential, irrespective of consolidation type, however different relationships were observed between state indices and the stress ratio at the triggering of liquefaction, ηIS or the liquefaction resistance, qIS. The correlation of characteristic features of undrained shearing (i.e., liquefaction potential, ηIS and qIS) and drained shearing (maximum rate of volume change, dεv/dεamax) with state indices were compared statistically in terms of root mean square deviations (RMSD). All characteristic features of undrained shearing generally showed the best correlation with Ip in term of RMSDs, however ψ showed comparatively wider scatter for the specimens showing flow and limited flow behaviour.

ACS Style

Abu Taher Md Zillur Rabbi; Mizanur Rahman; Donald A. Cameron. The relation between the state indices and the characteristic features of undrained behaviour of silty sand. Soils and Foundations 2019, 59, 801 -813.

AMA Style

Abu Taher Md Zillur Rabbi, Mizanur Rahman, Donald A. Cameron. The relation between the state indices and the characteristic features of undrained behaviour of silty sand. Soils and Foundations. 2019; 59 (4):801-813.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abu Taher Md Zillur Rabbi; Mizanur Rahman; Donald A. Cameron. 2019. "The relation between the state indices and the characteristic features of undrained behaviour of silty sand." Soils and Foundations 59, no. 4: 801-813.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2018 in Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
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The characteristic features of undrained behavior of a silty sand are investigated for a range of initial conditions (e,p′) for both isotropic consolidation (CIU) and K0 consolidation (K0U). The silty sand contains approximately 10% natural fines. The steady-state line (SSL) for K0-consolidated specimens is slightly below the SSL for isotropic consolidated specimens. The so-called reverse behavior for silty sand is not observed for CIU, although it is observed in some cases for K0U. Earlier studies claimed that the shape and location of the consolidation line with respect to the SSL can explain such behavior. The findings of this study suggest that the liquefaction potential, a key parameter for observing reverse behavior, depends on the state of the soil and shows a unique relation to the state parameter (ψ) irrespective of the type of consolidation. However, the stress ratio at the triggering of liquefaction, ηIS, and liquefaction resistance, qIS, show slightly different relationships with ψ for isotropic and K0 conditions. This finding has practical importance for estimating liquefaction strengths, triggering of liquefaction, and developing a ψ-dependent constitutive model both for isotropic and K0 consolidation.

ACS Style

Abu Taher Md Zillur Rabbi; Mizanur Rahman; Donald A. Cameron. Undrained Behavior of Silty Sand and the Role of Isotropic and K0 Consolidation. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 2018, 144, 04018014 .

AMA Style

Abu Taher Md Zillur Rabbi, Mizanur Rahman, Donald A. Cameron. Undrained Behavior of Silty Sand and the Role of Isotropic and K0 Consolidation. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 2018; 144 (4):04018014.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abu Taher Md Zillur Rabbi; Mizanur Rahman; Donald A. Cameron. 2018. "Undrained Behavior of Silty Sand and the Role of Isotropic and K0 Consolidation." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 144, no. 4: 04018014.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in International Journal of Geomechanics
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ACS Style

Don Cameron; Mizanur Rahman; Abdelhalim Azam. Discussion of “State-of-the-Art: Prediction of Resilient Modulus of Unsaturated Subgrade Soils” by Zhong Han and Sai K. Vanapalli. International Journal of Geomechanics 2017, 17, 07017012 .

AMA Style

Don Cameron, Mizanur Rahman, Abdelhalim Azam. Discussion of “State-of-the-Art: Prediction of Resilient Modulus of Unsaturated Subgrade Soils” by Zhong Han and Sai K. Vanapalli. International Journal of Geomechanics. 2017; 17 (11):07017012.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Don Cameron; Mizanur Rahman; Abdelhalim Azam. 2017. "Discussion of “State-of-the-Art: Prediction of Resilient Modulus of Unsaturated Subgrade Soils” by Zhong Han and Sai K. Vanapalli." International Journal of Geomechanics 17, no. 11: 07017012.

Proceedings article
Published: 24 February 2014 in Geo-Congress 2014 Technical Papers
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This paper focuses on the effect of nail layout on soil nailed wall analysis (SNWA). SNWA relies upon proprietary commercial software. Evaluation of the effect of variations of nail length on stability requires numerous time-consuming calculations. This study has as an objective to develop a reliable open source program with fast searching algorithm for finding the critical slip surface of a soil nailed wall with variable nail layout. For this example, it is shown that factor of safety is sensitive to nail length, and sensitivity increases with ultimate bond strength. The simplified Bishop method is commonly used for calculation of the factor of safety for the stability of nailed slopes. MATLAB® was adapted for SNWA based on Bishop's method. To reduce time consumed in searching for the critical surface, the major command loops in the code were vectorized using the "array operations" in MATLAB. The fast MATLAB program for calculation of soil nailed walls (SFSNW) was compared with commercial software, and the SFSNW outcome is shown to be more precise. Nail variability was introduced using Monte Carlo simulation to generate a set of a hundred combinations of different nail lengths for seven nails in an example of a 10 m high wall. Some restrictions on nail length were enforced. The generated nail length data was fed into SFSNW to compute factors of safety.

ACS Style

J. Sadoghi Yazdi; Mizanur Rahman; D. A. Cameron. Effect of Nail Layout Variability on Soil Nailed Wall Analysis. Geo-Congress 2014 Technical Papers 2014, 3133 -3142.

AMA Style

J. Sadoghi Yazdi, Mizanur Rahman, D. A. Cameron. Effect of Nail Layout Variability on Soil Nailed Wall Analysis. Geo-Congress 2014 Technical Papers. 2014; ():3133-3142.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J. Sadoghi Yazdi; Mizanur Rahman; D. A. Cameron. 2014. "Effect of Nail Layout Variability on Soil Nailed Wall Analysis." Geo-Congress 2014 Technical Papers , no. : 3133-3142.

Conference paper
Published: 24 February 2014 in Geo-Congress 2014 Technical Papers
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The instability due to rapid generation of pore water pressure in loose to medium dense soil is one of the major causes of catastrophic failure of geotechnical structures. Most of the previous studies on instability-liquefaction behavior have focused on clean sands, although sands with a significant amount of fines (particle size < 0.075 mm) are common in field conditions. Some recent studies on artificially mixed sands with silts have shown that these soils are much more liquefiable than clean sand. Thus, this study investigated the instability behavior of naturally occurring silty sand. The effect of in-place void ratios and the initial mean effective stresses on the mechanical behavior of the silty sand was investigated. It was observed that for the same in-place void ratio, the liquefaction resistance increased with initial mean effective stress, which is consistent with the so called "reversed behavior." The instability stress ratio and relative density showed a single correlation, which can be used to predict the triggering of instability. Further, the flow behavior could be described with respect to phase transformation points, at which the effective stress path changes soil behavior from compressive to dilative displacement.

ACS Style

A. T. M. Z. Rabbi; Mizanur Rahman; D. A. Cameron. Undrained Behavior of Silty Glacial Sand. Geo-Congress 2014 Technical Papers 2014, 1 .

AMA Style

A. T. M. Z. Rabbi, Mizanur Rahman, D. A. Cameron. Undrained Behavior of Silty Glacial Sand. Geo-Congress 2014 Technical Papers. 2014; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. T. M. Z. Rabbi; Mizanur Rahman; D. A. Cameron. 2014. "Undrained Behavior of Silty Glacial Sand." Geo-Congress 2014 Technical Papers , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 24 February 2014 in Geo-Congress 2014 Technical Papers
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Collapsible soils are soils that are susceptible to a significant and sudden reduction in volume upon wetting and loading. This phenomenon is associated with loosely deposited, metastable soil structures, which can withstand a considerable stress in the unsaturated state, but exhibit an excessive settlement when saturated. Collapsing of soil depends on the initial dry density, initial moisture content, and pressure at wetting. Matric suction is also a key factor, which is related to moisture content through the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC). Suction helps to maintain the intergranular contacts between particles of unsaturated soil. This study investigated the role of matric suction, dry density ratio, and wetting pressure on the collapse behavior of three silty glacial sands from South Australia. The drying SWCC of each sand was determined by controlling matric suction between suctions of 1 to 1000 kPa, using the hanging column and pressure plate methods. The one-dimensional collapse potentials of the three different sands were determined at various specimen preparations and wetting pressures. It is shown that the collapse potential for a particular density and wetting pressure decreases generally with decrease in initial matric suction. An empirical equation to predict collapse potential of South Australian silty glacial sand was proposed using appropriate parameters. The equation was found to estimate collapse better than that of existing empirical equations.

ACS Style

A. T. M. Z. Rabbi; D. A. Cameron; M. M. Rahman. Effect of Initial Partial Saturation on Collapse Behavior of Glacial Sand with Fines. Geo-Congress 2014 Technical Papers 2014, 1 .

AMA Style

A. T. M. Z. Rabbi, D. A. Cameron, M. M. Rahman. Effect of Initial Partial Saturation on Collapse Behavior of Glacial Sand with Fines. Geo-Congress 2014 Technical Papers. 2014; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. T. M. Z. Rabbi; D. A. Cameron; M. M. Rahman. 2014. "Effect of Initial Partial Saturation on Collapse Behavior of Glacial Sand with Fines." Geo-Congress 2014 Technical Papers , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2013 in Canadian Geotechnical Journal
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This paper presents experimental results on the effect of matric suction on the resilient modulus of four recycled unbound granular materials. The recycled materials were prepared at moisture contents ranging between 70% and 90% of optimum moisture content (OMC) and tested in a repeated load triaxial test (RLTT) apparatus under various stress regimes. Soil-water characteristic curves (SWCC) were established for each material by preparing samples at various moisture contents and measuring matric suction with filter papers. To obtain the wet end of the SWCC, further samples were conditioned on a tension plate at suctions controlled by the hanging water column method. Some published models for prediction of resilient modulus were applied to the experimental data, but the correlations were unsatisfactory generally, and so an improved model was sought. Subsequently, a model with four terms and six constants was developed, which followed the general power law. A single set of material constants was found for all recycled materials to provide satisfactory predictions of resilient modulus (R2 = 0.88), over a wide range of stresses and moisture states.

ACS Style

Abdelhalim Azam; D.A. Cameron; Mizanur Rahman. Model for prediction of resilient modulus incorporating matric suction for recycled unbound granular materials. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 2013, 50, 1143 -1158.

AMA Style

Abdelhalim Azam, D.A. Cameron, Mizanur Rahman. Model for prediction of resilient modulus incorporating matric suction for recycled unbound granular materials. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 2013; 50 (11):1143-1158.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdelhalim Azam; D.A. Cameron; Mizanur Rahman. 2013. "Model for prediction of resilient modulus incorporating matric suction for recycled unbound granular materials." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 50, no. 11: 1143-1158.

Journal article
Published: 30 October 2012 in Geotechnical and Geological Engineering
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This paper presents the results and analysis of Repeated Load Triaxial Testing (RLTT) conducted on three basecourse products; two crushed concrete, or Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) materials, and a local Virgin Aggregate (VA). The objective of this testing program was to study the impact of applied stress states on resilient modulus and permanent deformation of the materials using the AUSTROADS RLTT approach (Vuong and Brimble 2000). A series of RLTT was performed under drained conditions on cylindrical specimens statically compacted at different levels of initial moisture content. The RLTT specimens were tested at 60, 80 and 90 % of Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and to a single target dry density ratio of 98 % of Maximum Dry Density from Modified Proctor compaction testing. Duplicate specimens were tested for each moisture level. On sample measurements were made of sample deformation. It was found that the resilient moduli of the two RCA products ranged between 340 and 715 MPa, while corresponding moduli from tests on VA varied from 270 to 450 MPa. Resilient modulus was found to be dependent on both moisture content and applied stress. The two specimens of VA prepared at 90 % OMC failed during the permanent strain testing stages of the AUSTROADS test protocol. Moreover the recycled materials could be used as basecourses according to interpretation of the AUSTROADS RLTT data by Vuong and Arnold (2006).

ACS Style

A. R. Gabr; K. G. Mills; D. A. Cameron. Repeated Load Triaxial Testing of Recycled Concrete Aggregate for Pavement Base Construction. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 2012, 31, 119 -132.

AMA Style

A. R. Gabr, K. G. Mills, D. A. Cameron. Repeated Load Triaxial Testing of Recycled Concrete Aggregate for Pavement Base Construction. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering. 2012; 31 (1):119-132.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. R. Gabr; K. G. Mills; D. A. Cameron. 2012. "Repeated Load Triaxial Testing of Recycled Concrete Aggregate for Pavement Base Construction." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 31, no. 1: 119-132.

Proceedings article
Published: 17 March 2006 in Unsaturated Soils 2006
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This paper presents an investigation of the potential of collapsing soil or loess from Thailand for possible use as a pavement material or subbase. Earlier studies indicated high CBR values for well-compacted material. The collapsing soil is classified as silty sand, with a slight to moderate degree of collapse index. Thai collapsible soil samples were tested generally in the compacted condition (Modified compaction) at optimum moisture content and maximum dry density. Consolidated Isotropic Undrained (CIU) triaxial testing with pore water pressure monitoring was performed on back-saturated samples to quantify the permissible stress states for resilient modulus testing. The resilient modulus of the soil was found to be stress dependent and trends agreed reasonably well with the current AASHTO empirical equation for the resilient modulus of sand.

ACS Style

D. A. Cameron; R. Nuntasarn. Pavement Engineering Parameters for Thai Collapsible Soil. Unsaturated Soils 2006 2006, 1061 -1072.

AMA Style

D. A. Cameron, R. Nuntasarn. Pavement Engineering Parameters for Thai Collapsible Soil. Unsaturated Soils 2006. 2006; ():1061-1072.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D. A. Cameron; R. Nuntasarn. 2006. "Pavement Engineering Parameters for Thai Collapsible Soil." Unsaturated Soils 2006 , no. : 1061-1072.