The surgical techniques available to clinicians to treat peri-implant diseases can be divided into resective and regenerative. Peri-implant diseases are inflammatory conditions affecting the soft and hard tissues around dental implants. Despite the large number of investigations aimed at identifying the best approach to treat these conditions, there is still no universally recognized protocol to solve these complications successfully and predictably. This review will focus on the regenerative treatment of peri-implant osseous defects in order to provide some evidence that can aid clinicians in the approach to peri-implant disease treatment.

Trauma is a worldwide cause of millions of deaths and severe injuries every year, all over the world. Despite the limited extension of the oral region compared to the whole body, dental and oral injuries account for a fairly high percentage of all body traumas. Among head and neck traumas, dental and facial injuries are highly correlated to sport activities, and their management can be a real challenge for practitioners of any specialty. In case of trauma directed to periodontal structures, restorative and endodontic solutions may not be sufficient to achieve a definitive and long-lasting treatment. This article aims to illustrate surgical options and appliances to prevent dental injuries that may be available to the clinicians treating dental trauma involving oral soft and hard tissues.

Background: The lateral maxillary sinus augmentation (MSA) procedure has good predictability in terms of the success of bone regeneration with a low incidence of postoperative infections, estimated between 2% and 5.6%. Although the use of antibiotics is an established and standardized prophylactic measure for MSA procedures, the addition of corticosteroids still varies among clinician preference and clinical judgment.Purpose: The aim of this systematic review was to identify whether the administration of corticosteroids during the MSA surgical procedure affects postoperative symptoms including swelling, pain, and infection rate.Materials and methods: A literature search through PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science indices, according to PICO criteria, was conducted to identify whether MSA peri‐operative use of corticosteroids reduces the incidence of complications and patient morbidity. A single arm meta‐analysis was performed due to the lack of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing groups treated with or without peri‐operative corticosteroids. The intracluster correlation co‐efficient (ICC) and design effect were calculated to adjust for the clustering design.Results: In the 37 studies included, a total of 1599 patients (378 Cort, 1221 No‐Cort) were analyzed. Before and after taking account of clustering, there was statistically significant effect of corticosteroids on swelling, pain, wound dehiscence, trismus, and hematoma. The complication rates postoperatively were comparable between the two study groups, however slight differences existed in the incidence of active suppuration (1.7% [95% CI 0.7–3.9] Cort vs. 3.2% [2.2–4.5] No‐Cort), wound dehiscence (3.9% [1.3–11.2] Cort vs. 2.1% [1.0–4.1] No‐Cort) and trismus (2.7% [0.8–8.4] Cort vs. 1.4% [0.8–2.5] No‐Cort).Conclusions: Although the event rate of the 1‐to‐2‐week postoperative complications did not differ between the two groups, the lack of conclusive data and research comparing peri‐operative corticosteroid use makes it impossible to draw definitive conclusions and more evidence and studies designed for this specific purpose are needed.

Tooth loss after traumatic dental injuries (TDI) often requires rehabilitation with a multidisciplinary treatment plan. In growing patients, the therapeutic approach may be different than in adults; the scientific literature offers alternative solutions even if they involve long, complex and uncomfortable treatments. Among the possible therapeutic options, implant-prosthetic treatment through the use of mini-implants is presented in this complex case report with a 14-year follow-up.

Objective: The increasing use of large language models (LLMs) as sources of health information raises concerns regarding the quality and readability of patient‐directed content. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the readability and quality of responses generated by three publicly accessible LLMs, ChatGPT‐4o, Google Gemini 2.0 Flash, and DeepSeek‐R1, to frequently asked patient questions related to periodontology. Materials and Methods: In this cross‐sectional study, 48 real‐world periodontal questions were retrieved from Reddit and Quora and entered verbatim into each chatbot (February 2025, default settings). Readability was assessed using Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) and Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL). Quality and accuracy were evaluated using the Quality Analysis of Medical Artificial Intelligence (QAMAI) tool by three independent expert periodontists. Mean scores were compared using one‐way ANOVA with Tukey post‐hoc tests ( α = 0.05). Results: FKGL differed significantly among models ( p = 0.007), with ChatGPT‐4o producing the most complex text (11.18 ± 1.55) compared to DeepSeek‐R1 (9.84 ± 1.78) and Gemini (9.91 ± 1.89). FRE did not differ significantly ( p = 0.144), although all scores (42.37–49.55) fell within the “difficult” readability range. Mean QAMAI scores were comparable across models ( p = 0.078), ranging from 18.31 ± 1.90 (Gemini) to 19.10 ± 1.78 (DeepSeek‐R1), placing the mean scores at the lower end of the predefined “good quality” range. Subgroup analysis revealed significant readability differences only within the “pockets” domain ( p = 0.001), while quality remained broadly consistent across topics. Conclusions: All evaluated LLMs produced responses with mean QAMAI scores at the lower end of the predefined good‐quality range; however, their readability exceeded recommended standards for public health materials. While LLMs may serve as supplementary educational tools, language simplification strategies and continued professional oversight remain essential to ensure safe and accessible patient information.