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The present study compares and analyzes three risk analysis models that are applicable to shield tunnel boring machine (TBM) tunneling, and thus proposes an improved risk matrix model based on the causal networks applicable to sustainable tunnel projects. The advantages and disadvantages of three risk analysis models are compared, and causal networks are structured by analyzing the causal relationship between risk factors and risk events. Based on the comparison and analysis results, the causal network-based risk matrix model (CN-Matrix model), which complements the disadvantages and exploits the advantages of the three existing models, is proposed in this paper. Furthermore, this study suggests a means of modifying the weighting scores in the estimation of the risk score, which permits the CN-Matrix model to determine the risk level more reasonably. Thus, the improved CN-Matrix model is more reliable and robust compared to the three existing models.
Heeyoung Chung; JeongJun Park; Byung-Kyu Kim; Kibeom Kwon; In-Mo Lee; Hangseok Choi. A Causal Network-Based Risk Matrix Model Applicable to Shield TBM Tunneling Projects. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4846 .
AMA StyleHeeyoung Chung, JeongJun Park, Byung-Kyu Kim, Kibeom Kwon, In-Mo Lee, Hangseok Choi. A Causal Network-Based Risk Matrix Model Applicable to Shield TBM Tunneling Projects. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):4846.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeeyoung Chung; JeongJun Park; Byung-Kyu Kim; Kibeom Kwon; In-Mo Lee; Hangseok Choi. 2021. "A Causal Network-Based Risk Matrix Model Applicable to Shield TBM Tunneling Projects." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4846.
Soil conditioning is a key factor in increasing tunnel face stability and extraction efficiency of excavated soil when excavating tunnels using an earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunnel boring machine (TBM). Weathered granite soil, which is abundant in the Korean Peninsula (also in Japan, Hong Kong, and Singapore), has different characteristics than sand and clay; it also has particle-crushing characteristics. Conditioning agents were mixed with weathered granite soils of different individual particle-size gradations, and three characteristics (workability, permeability, and compressibility) were evaluated to find an optimal conditioning method. The lower and upper bounds of the water content that are needed for a well-functioning EPB shield TBM were also proposed. Through a trial-and-error experimental analysis, it was confirmed that soil conditioning using foam only was possible when the water content was controlled within the allowable range, that is, between the upper and lower bounds; when water content exceeded the upper bound, soil conditioning with solidification agents was needed along with foam. By taking advantage of the particle-crushing characteristics of the weathered granite soil, it was feasible to adopt the EPB shield TBM even when the soil was extremely coarse and cohesionless by conditioning with polymer slurries along with foam. Finally, the application ranges of EPB shield TBM in weathered granite soil were proposed; the newly proposed ranges are wider and expanded to coarser zones compared with those proposed so far.
Tae-Hwan Kim; In-Mo Lee; Hee-Young Chung; Jeong-Jun Park; Young-Moo Ryu. Application Ranges of EPB Shield TBM in Weathered Granite Soil: A Laboratory Scale Study. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 2995 .
AMA StyleTae-Hwan Kim, In-Mo Lee, Hee-Young Chung, Jeong-Jun Park, Young-Moo Ryu. Application Ranges of EPB Shield TBM in Weathered Granite Soil: A Laboratory Scale Study. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (7):2995.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTae-Hwan Kim; In-Mo Lee; Hee-Young Chung; Jeong-Jun Park; Young-Moo Ryu. 2021. "Application Ranges of EPB Shield TBM in Weathered Granite Soil: A Laboratory Scale Study." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7: 2995.
Building information modeling (BIM), which can efficiently manage the life cycle of structures, has been increasingly applied in the construction industry. However, it is difficult to implement BIM for existing structures, due to the differences between the design and as-built conditions. Point cloud data (PCD) can be obtained through the scan-to-BIM process, which builds a model based on the current state of the structure. The scan-to-BIM process is complicated for bridge structures and consumes significant time and resources. Therefore, this study developed a system to extract bridge design parameters automatically to reduce the time and resources for the scan-to-BIM process. The proposed automatic bridge design parameter extraction is performed in three steps: (1) noise reduction, (2) 3D transformation, and (3) parameter extraction. The validation test was conducted on the Osong test track fifth bridge in Nojang-ri, Jeondong-myeon, Yeongi-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. The system developed in this study successfully extracted the design parameters of the bridge from the PCD automatically, resulting in 0.8% error rate.
Jae Hyuk Lee; Jeong Jun Park; HyungChul Yoon. Automatic Bridge Design Parameter Extraction for Scan-to-BIM. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 7346 .
AMA StyleJae Hyuk Lee, Jeong Jun Park, HyungChul Yoon. Automatic Bridge Design Parameter Extraction for Scan-to-BIM. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (20):7346.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJae Hyuk Lee; Jeong Jun Park; HyungChul Yoon. 2020. "Automatic Bridge Design Parameter Extraction for Scan-to-BIM." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20: 7346.
The umbrella arch method (UAM) is conventionally applied to reinforce the tunnel face when difficult geologic conditions such as water inflow and shallow overburden are encountered. Cement-based grouting is normally used with the UAM to ensure waterproofing or local reinforcement of the tunnel structure. In the present study, the corresponding rheological flow of the penetration grouting in the jointed rock masses was analyzed by modeling field conditions as closely as possible. For this, a special experimental apparatus simulating pipe and grout injection holes in jointed rock masses was developed to investigate the penetration and spreading phenomenon of grout. Grout filling and spreading within the rock joint was recorded and compared with the available analytical solutions according to various parameters such as aperture width and pressure difference. Finally, future work that will entail additional tests of joint roughness and persistence is also discussed.
Jun S. Lee; Myung Sagong; JeongJun Park; Il Yoon Choi. Experimental analysis of penetration grouting in umbrella arch method for tunnel reinforcement. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 2020, 130, 104346 .
AMA StyleJun S. Lee, Myung Sagong, JeongJun Park, Il Yoon Choi. Experimental analysis of penetration grouting in umbrella arch method for tunnel reinforcement. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2020; 130 ():104346.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJun S. Lee; Myung Sagong; JeongJun Park; Il Yoon Choi. 2020. "Experimental analysis of penetration grouting in umbrella arch method for tunnel reinforcement." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 130, no. : 104346.
Heeyoung Chung; In-Mo Lee; Jee-Hee Jung; JeongJun Park. Erratum to: Bayesian Networks-based Shield TBM Risk Management System: Methodology Development and Application. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 2018, 23, 3735 -3735.
AMA StyleHeeyoung Chung, In-Mo Lee, Jee-Hee Jung, JeongJun Park. Erratum to: Bayesian Networks-based Shield TBM Risk Management System: Methodology Development and Application. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. 2018; 23 (8):3735-3735.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeeyoung Chung; In-Mo Lee; Jee-Hee Jung; JeongJun Park. 2018. "Erratum to: Bayesian Networks-based Shield TBM Risk Management System: Methodology Development and Application." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 8: 3735-3735.
A risk management methodology that can be applicable to a shield Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) tunneling project is proposed in this paper. A Shield TBM Risk Analysis Model (STRAM) is developed based on Bayesian networks. STRAM considers geological risk factors and TBM types, such as Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) open mode, EPB closed mode, and slurry TBMs, and systematically identifies the potential risk events that may occur during tunnel construction. It can also quantitatively evaluate the degree of risk for the identified potential risk events by estimating the cost of countermeasures against event occurrence. The proposed methodology based on STRAM can minimize the drawbacks of the TBM tunneling method, including difficulty in substituting the machine type once it is selected and excessive delay of the project due to unexpected risk events.
Heeyoung Chung; In-Mo Lee; Jee-Hee Jung; JeongJun Park. Bayesian Networks-based Shield TBM Risk Management System: Methodology Development and Application. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 2018, 23, 452 -465.
AMA StyleHeeyoung Chung, In-Mo Lee, Jee-Hee Jung, JeongJun Park. Bayesian Networks-based Shield TBM Risk Management System: Methodology Development and Application. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. 2018; 23 (1):452-465.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeeyoung Chung; In-Mo Lee; Jee-Hee Jung; JeongJun Park. 2018. "Bayesian Networks-based Shield TBM Risk Management System: Methodology Development and Application." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 1: 452-465.
Byung-Kyu Kim; Jeong-Jun Park; Young-Sam Kwon; Ghang-Bok Jeong; In-Mo Lee. Groutability Enhancement Effect of Oscillatory Injection in Cement-Based Permeation Grouting. Geotechnical Testing Journal 2018, 42, 1 .
AMA StyleByung-Kyu Kim, Jeong-Jun Park, Young-Sam Kwon, Ghang-Bok Jeong, In-Mo Lee. Groutability Enhancement Effect of Oscillatory Injection in Cement-Based Permeation Grouting. Geotechnical Testing Journal. 2018; 42 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleByung-Kyu Kim; Jeong-Jun Park; Young-Sam Kwon; Ghang-Bok Jeong; In-Mo Lee. 2018. "Groutability Enhancement Effect of Oscillatory Injection in Cement-Based Permeation Grouting." Geotechnical Testing Journal 42, no. 1: 1.
Jinho Park; Kang-Hyun Lee; JeongJun Park; Hangseok Choi; In-Mo Lee. Predicting anomalous zone ahead of tunnel face utilizing electrical resistivity: I. Algorithm and measuring system development. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 2016, 60, 141 -150.
AMA StyleJinho Park, Kang-Hyun Lee, JeongJun Park, Hangseok Choi, In-Mo Lee. Predicting anomalous zone ahead of tunnel face utilizing electrical resistivity: I. Algorithm and measuring system development. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2016; 60 ():141-150.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinho Park; Kang-Hyun Lee; JeongJun Park; Hangseok Choi; In-Mo Lee. 2016. "Predicting anomalous zone ahead of tunnel face utilizing electrical resistivity: I. Algorithm and measuring system development." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 60, no. : 141-150.
JeongJun Park; Heeyoung Chung; Joon-Bai Moon; Hangseok Choi; In-Mo Lee. Overall risk analysis of shield TBM tunnelling using Bayesian Networks (BN) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association 2016, 18, 453 -467.
AMA StyleJeongJun Park, Heeyoung Chung, Joon-Bai Moon, Hangseok Choi, In-Mo Lee. Overall risk analysis of shield TBM tunnelling using Bayesian Networks (BN) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association. 2016; 18 (5):453-467.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeongJun Park; Heeyoung Chung; Joon-Bai Moon; Hangseok Choi; In-Mo Lee. 2016. "Overall risk analysis of shield TBM tunnelling using Bayesian Networks (BN) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)." Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association 18, no. 5: 453-467.
Kang-Hyun Lee; Hyung-Joon Seo; JeongJun Park; Jinho Park; In-Mo Lee. A probabilistic assessment of ground condition prediction ahead of TBM tunnels combining each geophysical prediction method. Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association 2016, 18, 257 -272.
AMA StyleKang-Hyun Lee, Hyung-Joon Seo, JeongJun Park, Jinho Park, In-Mo Lee. A probabilistic assessment of ground condition prediction ahead of TBM tunnels combining each geophysical prediction method. Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association. 2016; 18 (3):257-272.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKang-Hyun Lee; Hyung-Joon Seo; JeongJun Park; Jinho Park; In-Mo Lee. 2016. "A probabilistic assessment of ground condition prediction ahead of TBM tunnels combining each geophysical prediction method." Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association 18, no. 3: 257-272.
The injection process of fracture grouting and/or fracture-permeation grouting is studied in this paper and analytical solutions are proposed to determine the fracture initiation pressure, the fracture length and thickness, and the pressure-induced filtration phenomenon for weathered granite soil, which is the most abundant soil type on the Korean peninsula. A theory is proposed and then verified through laboratory chamber tests. Experimental results show that fracture grouting occurs in unsaturated weathered granite soil, while fracture-permeation grouting occurs in saturated weathered granite soil. Also, through the experimental results with unsaturated weathered granite soil, it was found that the filtration phenomenon occurs when the water-cement ratio of the grout is less than 1.25. We were also able to demonstrate that the fracture initiation pressure as well as the fracture length and thickness obtained from the experiments match reasonably well with the theoretical values obtained from the analytical solutions.
Ju-Won Yun; Jeong-Jun Park; Young-Sam Kwon; Byung-Kyu Kim; In-Mo Lee. Cement-based fracture grouting phenomenon of weathered granite soil. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 2016, 21, 232 -242.
AMA StyleJu-Won Yun, Jeong-Jun Park, Young-Sam Kwon, Byung-Kyu Kim, In-Mo Lee. Cement-based fracture grouting phenomenon of weathered granite soil. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. 2016; 21 (1):232-242.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJu-Won Yun; Jeong-Jun Park; Young-Sam Kwon; Byung-Kyu Kim; In-Mo Lee. 2016. "Cement-based fracture grouting phenomenon of weathered granite soil." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 21, no. 1: 232-242.
TBM risk management system considering predicted ground condition ahead of tunnel face: methodology development and application TBM;Risk management;Ahead of tunnel face;Risky ground prediction;MCDM; When utilizing a Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) for tunnelling work, unexpected ground conditions can be encountered that are not predicted in the design stage. These include fractured zones or mixed ground conditions that are likely to reduce the stability of TBM excavation, and result in considerable economic losses such as construction delays or increases in costs. Minimizing these potential risks during tunnel construction is therefore a crucial issue in any mechanized tunneling project. This paper proposed the potential risk events that may occur due to risky ground conditions. A resistivity survey is utilized to predict the risky ground conditions ahead of the tunnel face during construction. The potential risk events are then evaluated based on their occurrence probability and impact. A TBM risk management system that can suggest proper solution methods (measures) for potential risk events is also developed. Multi-Criterion Decision Making (MCDM) is utilized to determine the optimal solution method (optimal measure) to handle risk events. Lastly, an actual construction site, at which there was a risk event during Earth Pressure-Balance (EPB) Shield TBM construction, is analyzed to verify the efficacy of the proposed system.
Heeyoung Chung; JeongJun Park; Kang-Hyun Lee; Jinho Park; In-Mo Lee. TBM risk management system considering predicted ground condition ahead of tunnel face: methodology development and application. Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association 2016, 18, 1 -12.
AMA StyleHeeyoung Chung, JeongJun Park, Kang-Hyun Lee, Jinho Park, In-Mo Lee. TBM risk management system considering predicted ground condition ahead of tunnel face: methodology development and application. Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association. 2016; 18 (1):1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeeyoung Chung; JeongJun Park; Kang-Hyun Lee; Jinho Park; In-Mo Lee. 2016. "TBM risk management system considering predicted ground condition ahead of tunnel face: methodology development and application." Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association 18, no. 1: 1-12.
A new tunnel auxiliary method, the pressure-induced inflatable pipes method, is proposed in this paper. It utilizes the concept of cavity expansion for tunnel reinforcement by forming an umbrella arch on the roof of the tunnel. When each inflatable pipe is inserted and expanded by pressure in the boreholes of the umbrella arch, the ground around the borehole can be compacted so that the stress conditions above the tunnel perimeter are changed favorably. To verify the reinforcement effect of this new concept, a pilot-scale chamber test, numerical analysis, and trapdoor test were performed and compared. In the pilot-scale chamber test, three types of inflatable pipes were tested to check their capability for expansion and each type of pipe was demonstrate to function correctly by expanding only in the intended direction. Numerical analysis of a tunnel and the applied trapdoor tests using the inflatable pipes were also performed to determine the reinforcement effects of the proposed technique. The results imply that the new method with three-directional inflatable pipes can contribute to reducing tunnel convergence and face settlement.
Jeong-Jun Park; In-Sung Cho; In-Mo Lee; Seok-Won Lee. Tunnel Reinforcement by Using Pressure-Induced Inflatable Pipes Method. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 2012, 138, 1483 -1491.
AMA StyleJeong-Jun Park, In-Sung Cho, In-Mo Lee, Seok-Won Lee. Tunnel Reinforcement by Using Pressure-Induced Inflatable Pipes Method. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 2012; 138 (12):1483-1491.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeong-Jun Park; In-Sung Cho; In-Mo Lee; Seok-Won Lee. 2012. "Tunnel Reinforcement by Using Pressure-Induced Inflatable Pipes Method." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 138, no. 12: 1483-1491.
Hyung-Joon Seo; Gang-Hyun Lee; Jeong-Jun Park; In-Mo Lee. Optimization of Soil-Nailing Designs Considering Three Failure Modes. Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society 2012, 28, 5 -16.
AMA StyleHyung-Joon Seo, Gang-Hyun Lee, Jeong-Jun Park, In-Mo Lee. Optimization of Soil-Nailing Designs Considering Three Failure Modes. Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society. 2012; 28 (7):5-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyung-Joon Seo; Gang-Hyun Lee; Jeong-Jun Park; In-Mo Lee. 2012. "Optimization of Soil-Nailing Designs Considering Three Failure Modes." Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society 28, no. 7: 5-16.
Jeong-Jun Park; Jae-Chou Shin; Ju-Hwan Hwang; Kang-Hyun Lee; Hyung-Joon Seo; In-Mo Lee. Assessment of over / under-break of tunnel utilizing BIM and 3D laser scanner. Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association 2012, 14, 437 -451.
AMA StyleJeong-Jun Park, Jae-Chou Shin, Ju-Hwan Hwang, Kang-Hyun Lee, Hyung-Joon Seo, In-Mo Lee. Assessment of over / under-break of tunnel utilizing BIM and 3D laser scanner. Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association. 2012; 14 (4):437-451.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeong-Jun Park; Jae-Chou Shin; Ju-Hwan Hwang; Kang-Hyun Lee; Hyung-Joon Seo; In-Mo Lee. 2012. "Assessment of over / under-break of tunnel utilizing BIM and 3D laser scanner." Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association 14, no. 4: 437-451.