Innovative hydrogels obtained by physical and chemical crosslinking of deacylated Gellan gum have been characterized in terms of water uptake, rheological properties and compressibility, and the behaviour of the tested materials, according to the type of the obtained network, is thoroughly discussed. The release from the various gels of loaded model molecules of different steric hindrance was also investigated and the trend of the release profiles has been related to the structures proposed for the physical and the chemical hydrogel.

Scleroglucan is a natural polysaccharide, produced by fungi of the genus Sclerotium, that has been extensively studied for various commercial applications (secondary oil recovery, ceramic glazes, food, paints, etc.) and also shows several interesting pharmacological properties. This review focuses its attention on the use of scleroglucan, and some derivatives, in the field of pharmaceutics and in particular for the formulation of modified-release dosage forms. The reported investigations refer mainly to the following topics: natural scleroglucan suitable for the preparation of sustained release tablets and ocular formulations; oxidized and crosslinked scleroglucan used as a matrix for dosage forms sensitive to environmental conditions; co-crosslinked scleroglucan/gellan whose delivery rate can be affected by calcium ions. Furthermore, a novel hydrogel obtained with this polysaccharide and borate ions is described, and the particular structure of this hydrogel network has been interpreted in terms of conformational analysis and molecular dynamics. Profound attention is devoted to the mechanisms involved in drug release from the tested dosage forms that depend, according to the specific preparation, on swelling and/or diffusion. Experimental data are also discussed on the basis of a mathematical approach that allows a better understanding of the behavior of the tested polymeric materials.

Background: Alginate microspheres represent a useful tool for modified drug delivery. Their preparation is quite easy and is usually based on the gelling properties of the polysaccharide in the presence of divalent ions; nevertheless, microparticles prepared only with calcium alginate show several problems, mainly related to the mechanical stability and to the release that, in most cases, is too fast. To overcome such inconveniences, polymer-coated alginate microspheres and/or appropriately interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPNs and IPNs) structures formed with alginate and other macromolecules were developed. Objective: This article reports a synthetic overview on the most recent searches carried out on coated alginate microspheres. Methods: After a section focused on the microsphere preparation, this article is divided into several main topics related to the specific polymer that was used as a coating material to provide a rationale in reporting literature data. In the last section, the advantages ...