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Flash furnace electrostatic precipitator dust (FF-ESP dust) is a recycle stream in some primary copper production facilities. This dust contains high amounts of copper. In some cases, the FF-ESP dust contains elevated levels of bismuth and arsenic, both of which cause problems during the electrorefining stages of copper production. Because of this, methods for separation of copper from bismuth and arsenic in FF-ESP dust are necessary. Hydrometallurgical leaching using a number of lixiviants, including sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, sodium hydroxide, and water, were explored. Pourbaix diagrams of copper, bismuth, and arsenic were used to determine sets of conditions which would thermodynamically separate copper from bismuth and arsenic. The data indicate that water provides the best overall separation between copper and both bismuth and arsenic. Sodium hydroxide provided a separation between copper and arsenic. Sulfurous acid provided a separation between copper and bismuth. Sulfuric acid did not provide any separations between copper and bismuth or copper and arsenic.
Michael Caplan; Joseph Trouba; Corby Anderson; Shijie Wang. Hydrometallurgical Leaching of Copper Flash Furnace Electrostatic Precipitator Dust for the Separation of Copper from Bismuth and Arsenic. Metals 2021, 11, 371 .
AMA StyleMichael Caplan, Joseph Trouba, Corby Anderson, Shijie Wang. Hydrometallurgical Leaching of Copper Flash Furnace Electrostatic Precipitator Dust for the Separation of Copper from Bismuth and Arsenic. Metals. 2021; 11 (2):371.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Caplan; Joseph Trouba; Corby Anderson; Shijie Wang. 2021. "Hydrometallurgical Leaching of Copper Flash Furnace Electrostatic Precipitator Dust for the Separation of Copper from Bismuth and Arsenic." Metals 11, no. 2: 371.
Globally, copper, silver, and gold orebody grades have been dropping, and the mineralogy surrounding them has become more diversified and complex. The cyanidation process for gold production has remained dominant for over 130 years because of its selectivity and feasibility in the mining industry. For this reason, the industry has been adjusting its methods for the extraction of gold, by utilizing more efficient processes and technologies. Often, gold may be found in conjunction with copper and silver in ores and concentrates. Hence, the application of cyanide to these types of ores can present some difficulty, as the diversity of minerals found within these ores can cause the application of cyanidation to become more complicated. This paper outlines the practices, processes, and reagents proposed for the effective treatment of these ores. The primary purpose of this review paper is to present the hydrometallurgical processes that currently exist in the mining industry for the treatment of silver, copper, and gold ores, as well as concentrate treatments. In addition, this paper aims to present the most important challenges that the industry currently faces, so that future processes that are both more efficient and feasible may be established.
Diego Medina; Corby G. Anderson. A Review of the Cyanidation Treatment of Copper-Gold Ores and Concentrates. Metals 2020, 10, 897 .
AMA StyleDiego Medina, Corby G. Anderson. A Review of the Cyanidation Treatment of Copper-Gold Ores and Concentrates. Metals. 2020; 10 (7):897.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiego Medina; Corby G. Anderson. 2020. "A Review of the Cyanidation Treatment of Copper-Gold Ores and Concentrates." Metals 10, no. 7: 897.
NdFeB permanent magnet scrap is regarded as an important secondary resource which contains rare earth elements (REEs) such as Nd, Pr and Dy. Recovering these valuable REEs from the NdFeB permanent magnet scrap not only increases economic potential, but it also helps to reduce problems relating to disposal and the environment. Hydrometallurgical routes are considered to be the primary choice for recovering the REEs because of higher REEs recovery and its application to all types of magnet compositions. In this paper, the authors firstly reviewed the chemical and physical properties of NdFeB permanent magnet scrap, and then carried out an in-depth discussion on a variety of hydrometallurgical processes for recovering REEs from the NdFeB permanent magnet scrap. The methods mainly included selective leaching or complete leaching processes followed by precipitation, solvent extraction or ionic liquids extraction processes. Particular attention is devoted to the specific technical challenge that emerges in the hydrometallurgical recovery of REEs from NdFeB permanent magnet scrap and to the corresponding potential measures for improving REEs recovery by promoting the processing efficiency. This summarized review will be useful for researchers who are developing processes for recovering REEs from NdFeB permanent magnet scrap.
Yuanbo Zhang; Foquan Gu; Zijian Su; Shuo Liu; Corby Anderson; Tao Jiang. Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from NdFeB Permanent Magnet Scrap: A Review. Metals 2020, 10, 841 .
AMA StyleYuanbo Zhang, Foquan Gu, Zijian Su, Shuo Liu, Corby Anderson, Tao Jiang. Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from NdFeB Permanent Magnet Scrap: A Review. Metals. 2020; 10 (6):841.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuanbo Zhang; Foquan Gu; Zijian Su; Shuo Liu; Corby Anderson; Tao Jiang. 2020. "Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from NdFeB Permanent Magnet Scrap: A Review." Metals 10, no. 6: 841.
The efficacy of monosodium glutamate (MSG) as a lixiviant for the selective and sustainable leaching of zinc and copper from electric arc furnace dust was tested. Batch leaching studies and XRD, XRF and SEM-EDS characterization confirmed the high leaching efficiency of zinc (reaching 99%) and copper (reaching 86%) leaving behind Fe, Al, Ca and Mg in the leaching residue. The separation factor (concentration ratio in pregnant leach solution) between zinc vs. other elements, and copper vs. other elements in the optimum condition could reach 11,700 and 250 times, respectively. The optimum conditions for the leaching scheme were pH 9, MSG concentration 1 M and pulp density 50 g/L. Kinetic studies (leaching time and temperature) revealed that the saturation value of leaching efficiency was attained within 2 h for zinc and 4 h for copper. Modeling of the kinetic experimental data indicated that the role of temperature on the leaching process was minor. The study also demonstrated the possibility of MSG recycling from pregnant leach solutions by precipitation as glutamic acid (>90% recovery).
Erik Prasetyo; Corby Anderson; Fajar Nurjaman; Muhammad Al Muttaqii; Anton Sapto Handoko; Fathan Bahfie; Fika Rofiek Mufakhir. Monosodium Glutamate as Selective Lixiviant for Alkaline Leaching of Zinc and Copper from Electric Arc Furnace Dust. Metals 2020, 10, 644 .
AMA StyleErik Prasetyo, Corby Anderson, Fajar Nurjaman, Muhammad Al Muttaqii, Anton Sapto Handoko, Fathan Bahfie, Fika Rofiek Mufakhir. Monosodium Glutamate as Selective Lixiviant for Alkaline Leaching of Zinc and Copper from Electric Arc Furnace Dust. Metals. 2020; 10 (5):644.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErik Prasetyo; Corby Anderson; Fajar Nurjaman; Muhammad Al Muttaqii; Anton Sapto Handoko; Fathan Bahfie; Fika Rofiek Mufakhir. 2020. "Monosodium Glutamate as Selective Lixiviant for Alkaline Leaching of Zinc and Copper from Electric Arc Furnace Dust." Metals 10, no. 5: 644.
The recovery of platinum group elements (PGE (platinum group element coating); Pd, Pt, and Rh) from used catalytic converters, using low energy and fewer chemicals, was developed using potassium bisulfate fusion pretreatment, and subsequently leached using hydrochloric acid. In the fusion pre-treatment, potassium bisulfate alone (without the addition of an oxidant) proved to be an effective and selective fusing agent. It altered PGE into a more soluble species and did not react with the cordierite support, based on X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and metallographic characterization results. The fusion efficacy was due to the transformation of bisulfate into pyrosulfate, which is capable of oxidizing PGE. However, the introduction of potassium through the fusing agent proved to be detrimental, in general, since potassium formed insoluble potassium PGE chloro-complexes during leaching (decreasing the recovery) and required higher HCl concentration and a higher leaching temperature to restore the solubility. Optimization on the fusion and leaching parameter resulted in 106% ± 1.7%, 93.3% ± 0.6%, and 94.3% ± 3.9% recovery for Pd, Pt, and Rh, respectively. These results were achieved at fusion conditions: temperature 550 °C, potassium bisulfate/raw material mass ratio 2.5, and fusion time within 30 min. The leaching conditions were: HCl concentration 5 M, temperature 80 °C, and time within 20 min.
Erik Prasetyo; Corby Anderson. Platinum Group Elements Recovery from Used Catalytic Converters by Acidic Fusion and Leaching. Metals 2020, 10, 485 .
AMA StyleErik Prasetyo, Corby Anderson. Platinum Group Elements Recovery from Used Catalytic Converters by Acidic Fusion and Leaching. Metals. 2020; 10 (4):485.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErik Prasetyo; Corby Anderson. 2020. "Platinum Group Elements Recovery from Used Catalytic Converters by Acidic Fusion and Leaching." Metals 10, no. 4: 485.
This paper demonstrates the recovery of valuable metals from shredded Waste Printed Circuit Boards (WPCBs) by bromine leaching. Effects of sodium bromide concentration, bromine concentration, leaching time and inorganic acids were investigated. The most critical factors are sodium concentration and bromine concentration. It was found that more than 95% of copper, silver, lead, gold and nickel could be dissolved simultaneously under the optimal conditions: 50 g/L solid/liquid ratio, 1.17 M NaBr, 0.77 M Br2, 2 M HCl, 400 RPM agitation speed and 23.5 °C for 10 hours. The study shows that the dissolution of gold from waste printed circuit boards in a Br2-NaBr system is controlled by film diffusion and chemical reaction.
Hao Cui; Corby Anderson. Hydrometallurgical Treatment of Waste Printed Circuit Boards: Bromine Leaching. Metals 2020, 10, 462 .
AMA StyleHao Cui, Corby Anderson. Hydrometallurgical Treatment of Waste Printed Circuit Boards: Bromine Leaching. Metals. 2020; 10 (4):462.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHao Cui; Corby Anderson. 2020. "Hydrometallurgical Treatment of Waste Printed Circuit Boards: Bromine Leaching." Metals 10, no. 4: 462.
This study provides an up to date review of tannins, specifically quebracho, in mineral processing and metallurgical processes. Quebracho is a highly useful reagent in many flotation applications, acting as both a depressant and a dispersant. Three different types of quebracho are mentioned in this study; quebracho “S” or Tupasol ATO, quebracho “O” or Tupafin ATO, and quebracho “A” or Silvafloc. It should be noted that literature often refers simply to “quebracho” without distinguishing a specific type. Quebracho is most commonly used in industry as a method to separate fluorite from calcite, which is traditionally quite challenging as both minerals share a common ion—calcium. Other applications for quebracho in flotation with calcite minerals as the main gangue source include barite and scheelite. In sulfide systems, quebracho is a key reagent in differential flotation of copper, lead, zinc circuits. The use of quebracho in the precipitation of germanium from zinc ores and for the recovery of ultrafine gold is also detailed in this work. This analysis explores the wide range of uses and methodology of quebracho in the extractive metallurgy field and expands on previous research by Iskra and Kitchener at Imperial College entitled, “Quebracho in Mineral Processing”.
Jordan Rutledge; Corby G. Anderson. Tannins in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy. Metals 2015, 5, 1520 -1542.
AMA StyleJordan Rutledge, Corby G. Anderson. Tannins in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy. Metals. 2015; 5 (3):1520-1542.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJordan Rutledge; Corby G. Anderson. 2015. "Tannins in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy." Metals 5, no. 3: 1520-1542.
This article delineates the history and details of hydrometallurgical rare earth separations and technologies. It covers the history, development, application, and recently published research into this key aspect of rare earths separation and recovery.
Ben Kronholm; Corby G. Anderson; Patrick R. Taylor. A Primer on Hydrometallurgical Rare Earth Separations. JOM 2013, 65, 1321 -1326.
AMA StyleBen Kronholm, Corby G. Anderson, Patrick R. Taylor. A Primer on Hydrometallurgical Rare Earth Separations. JOM. 2013; 65 (10):1321-1326.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBen Kronholm; Corby G. Anderson; Patrick R. Taylor. 2013. "A Primer on Hydrometallurgical Rare Earth Separations." JOM 65, no. 10: 1321-1326.