A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) protocol requires proper settings to perform data transmission optimally. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to select the correct routing protocol and use the routing protocol's default parameter values. This study examined the effect of route request parameters, such as RREQ_RETRIES and MAX_RREQ_TIMOUT, on the Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol, which was then compared with the default AODV performance Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocols. The performance metrics used for measuring performance were Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), throughput, delay, packet loss, energy consumption, and routing overhead. The results show that the OLSR protocol has a smaller delay than the AODV protocol, while in other measurements, the AODV protocol is better than OLSR. By reducing the combination value of RREQ_RETRIES, MAX_RREQ_TIMEOUT in AODV routing to (2, 10 s) and (3, 5 s), the protocol's performance can be improved. The two combinations result in an average increase in throughput performance of 3.09%, a decrease in delay of 17.7%, a decrease in packet loss of 27.15%, and an increase in PDR of 4.8%. For variations in the speed of movement of nodes, 20 m/s has the best performance, while 5 m/s has the worst performance.

Digital forensics will always include at least human as the one who performs activities, digital evidence as the main object, and process as a reference for the activities followed. The existing framework has not provided a description of the interaction between human, interaction between human and digital evidence, as well as interaction between human and the process itself. A business model approach can be done to provide the idea regarding the interaction in question. In this case, what has been generated by the author in the previous study through a business model of the digital chain of custody becomes the first step in constructing a business model of a digital forensics. In principle, the proposed business model already accommodates major components of digital forensics (human, digital evidence, process) and also considers the interactions among the components. The business model suggested has contained several basic principles as described in The Regulation of Chief of Indonesian National Police (Perkap) No 10/2010. This will give support to law enforcement to deal with cybercrime cases that are more frequent and more sophisticated, and can be a reference for each institution and organization to implement digital forensics activities.

There is a synergistic potential between heritage and tourism which can offer a type of special interest tourism. However, despite the potential, it also brings out conflicts that result in negative socio-cultural impacts. Therefore, sustainability issues should be considered in developing heritage tourism. There are three dimensions incorporate in Sustainable Development, which are environment, economic, and social. As sustainable tourism was derived from sustainable development, thus the three dimensions of sustainable development are also applied in sustainable tourism development, especially in sustainable heritage tourism. Generally, the relationships between the three aspects of sustainable development are assumed to be compatible and mutually supportive. However, among the three dimensions of sustainable development, social sustainability is the least developed and often is proposed in relation to ecological or economic sustainability. There have been efforts to address and incorporate the social dimension of sustainability into standard setters, planners, and practitioners in many diverse areas such as forest certification, organic agriculture, conventional agriculture, urban and regional planning, corporate social and environmental management, reporting, and responsibility and fair-trade certification. However, there are still few studies of the social dimension in tourism development. To achieve sustainable tourism development, we cannot neglect the social dimension and only focuses on the economic and environmental dimensions. Social sustainability is not absolute or constant which has to be considered as a dynamic concept, which will change over time in a place. The purpose of this study exploring the key aspects of sustainable tourism development social dimension which is linked to theoretical and on how we should define and understand the fluid concept of the social dimension in tourism sustainability that can also be applied in heritage tourism. This research is using a systematic literature review to identify social dimension aspects or themes of sustainable development, sustainable tourism development, and sustainable heritage tourism. The preliminary findings show that there are few studies of the social dimension of sustainable tourism development. Therefore, it is rather difficult to obtain related articles of the social dimension, especially in the tourism subject fields. To this point, 160 works of literature were obtained and after screening, assessing, and selecting against the criteria for eligibility, there were 19 pieces of literature selected. Selected literature was reviewed to explore how the social dimension aspect in sustainable development debates is variously understood and how it constructs a social pillar. This research compiles a cross-disciplinary major theoretical concept from sustainable development, sustainable tourism development, heritage tourism, political sociology, economic theory, social theory, governance, and urban development to build a new multi-dimensional inquiry into the subject of social sustainability. Thus, this research gives a comprehension of the aspects of social sustainability which contributes to the improvement of the fluid concept of social tourism sustainability, especially in heritage tourism.

Fixed-wing UAV has the ability to fly like a plane. For the movement of the flight, a good control system is needed. Part of the flight controls that require our attention among them is the vertical moving control. The controls are used to adjust the vertical movement involving aircraft pitch angle control. To control it, we can use control method that has been commonly used. The control method is a PID (Propositional, Integral and Derivative) control method. PID has three components (Kp, Ki, and Kd). The three components of PID can be obtained in various ways or methods. However, to produce a robust control, a method that can optimize the PID components is needed. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is one of PID controller optimization method which adapted by ant colony ability to find the shortest way from their nest to food. Some ACO parameters are a number of ants, parameters, and pheromone component for pheromone. Pheromones are the values given by the ants when they use the road.

Aims: This study aims to analyse the consumption behaviour of millennial tourists in gastronomic tours starting from the stages before, during, and after gastronomic tours, especially in the use of information technology. Place and Duration of Study: This research is done in Yogyakarta and Solo between February 2021 and March 2021. Methodology: This research was conducted with a quantitative approach by collecting data using a questionnaire distributed through an online survey. One hundred twenty-two respondents participated and answered thoroughly. The data analysis technique used is Descriptive Statistics and Regression Analysis. Results: This study shows that most millennial tourists use digital media intensely before, during, and after a gastronomic tour. Digital media is used to find local culinary information and share experiences. Other findings show that social media positively contributes to determining local culinary purchasing decisions in gastronomic destinations by 38.5%. Conclusions: Millennial tourists usually use digital media pre-, on-, and post-travel. Digital media is used as a source of trusted information and a tool for determining local culinary consumption. Implications of this Study: This research provides theoretical implications which show that millennial tourists have unique characteristics in every phase of gastronomic tourism. The practical implication of this research is that the findings of this study can be used as suggestions and input for local culinary entrepreneurs to adapt to the digital behaviour of millennial tourists. Entrepreneurs and destination administrators must focus on digital media promotions to effectively reach millennial tourists.

Purpose of the Study: Technological transformation has changed the consumption behavior of tourists in the digital era. The ease of access and the emergence of various media also have a significant impact on culinary tourism. This research aims to know the typology of tourists and their characteristics in local culinary tourism in the digital era, especially in Indonesia. By knowing this, it is expected that culinary businesses can adjust the strategy so that local culinary can be more explored by tourists. Furthermore, local culinary tourism can be further developed in potential destinations. Methodology: The method used is quantitative research, with data collection techniques through an online survey (google form) supported by literature studies. The sampling technique is non-probability sampling which is purposive sampling. The number of respondents in this study was 482 people who have culinary tour to Yogyakarta and Solo, Indonesia at least one time, and data analysis techniques using descriptive statistics and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Main Findings: The results show there are three clusters of tourist typology when on culinary tour in the digital era of Non-Culinary Tourist (NCT), Culinary Tourist (CT), and Gastronomic Tourist (GT). There are characteristic differences in each type of tourist from the parameters of attitude, perception, and culinary information-seeking behavior. The average value of attitudes, perceptions, and information-seeking behavior is increased from NCT, CT, to GT. The main media used in information seeking is digital media. The most widely used information reference sources are Instagram, friends, search engines, and family. Application of this Study: This study provides theoretical implications related to tourist typology and its characteristics in local culinary tourism in the digital era. Meanwhile, the practical implications, this research can be used as an advice in developing gastronomic tourism in the world and especially in Yogyakarta and Solo, Indonesia. The government and businesses can make this research the basis for formulating local culinary tourism marketing strategies. Novelty/Originality of this Study: This research is original and new in terms of context and methodology. There are few research focuses on the behavior of tourists in local culinary tourism, especially in the digital era. This study also uses a new method of looking at the differences in tourist typology, using analysis of variance (ANOVA).