The effects of the environment on human exposure to radiation from naturally occurring radioactive elements have been investigated around the world. In the group of natural radionuclides under examination, the study’s objective is to ascertain the distribution, potential anthropogenic origins, and activity of the radionuclides ²²⁶ Ra, ²³² Th, ⁴⁰ K and their radiological risk parameters in twelve soil samples taken from Rabia town in Nineveh Governorate, North Iraq using NaI (Tl) detector. For the examined region, the activity concentrations of ²³⁸ U, ²³² Th, and ⁴⁰ K ranged from 4.79 ± 0.211 to 21.77 ± 0.675 Bq kg ⁻¹ , 11.21 ± 0.942 to 33.57 ± 2.185 Bq kg ⁻¹ , and 112.8 ± 32.074 to 312.2 ± 95.463 Bq kg ⁻¹ , respectively. The estimated radiological hazard parameters for the examined samples included the absorbed dose rate (Dair), annual effective dose equivalent (AED), gamma-ray hazard index (I), and annual gonadal dose equivalent. Furthermore, the current work revealed the distribution of radionuclides and their relationships with the mineralogical composition. Based on obtained results, this soil is safe for the population living in the study area and can be used as a building material or for other human activities without posing any radiological danger.