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Objective This study examines whether there is an independent association between mental difficulties in adolescence and educational attainment at age 16. Design Longitudinal study. Setting Nationally representative data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) were linked to the National Pupil Database for England. Participants Respondents (N=1100) to the UKHLS between 2009 and 2012 were linked to the National Pupil Database to investigate longitudinal associations between mental difficulties at ages 11–14 and educational attainment at age 16 (General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE)). Primary outcome measure Not gaining five or more GCSE qualifications at age 16, including English and maths at grade A*–C. Results An atypical total mental health difficulty score measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at ages 11–14 predicted low levels of educational attainment at age 16 (OR: 3.11 (95% CI: (2.11 to 4.57)). Controlling for prior attainment and family sociodemographic factors, happiness with school (/work) and parental health, school engagement and relationship with the child partially attenuated the association, which was significant in the fully adjusted model (2.05, 95% CI (1.15 to 3.68)). The association was maintained in the fully adjusted model for males only (OR: 2.77 (95% CI (1.24 to 6.16)) but not for females. Hyperactivity disorder strongly predicted lower attainment for males (OR: 2.17 (95% CI: (1.11 to 4.23)) and females (OR: 2.85 (95% CI (1.30 to 6.23)). Conclusion Mental difficulties at ages 11–14 were independently linked to educational success at age 16, highlighting an important pathway through which health in adolescence can determine young people’s life chances.
Neil R Smith; Lydia Marshall; Muslihah Albakri; Melanie Smuk; Ann Hagell; Stephen Stansfeld. Adolescent mental health difficulties and educational attainment: findings from the UK household longitudinal study. BMJ Open 2021, 11, e046792 .
AMA StyleNeil R Smith, Lydia Marshall, Muslihah Albakri, Melanie Smuk, Ann Hagell, Stephen Stansfeld. Adolescent mental health difficulties and educational attainment: findings from the UK household longitudinal study. BMJ Open. 2021; 11 (7):e046792.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNeil R Smith; Lydia Marshall; Muslihah Albakri; Melanie Smuk; Ann Hagell; Stephen Stansfeld. 2021. "Adolescent mental health difficulties and educational attainment: findings from the UK household longitudinal study." BMJ Open 11, no. 7: e046792.
Background Both physical and psychological health outcomes have been associated with exposure to environmental noise. Noise sensitivity could have the same moderating effect on physical and psychological health outcomes related to environmental noise exposure as on annoyance but this has been little tested. Methods A cohort of 2398 men between 45 and 59 years, the longitudinal Caerphilly Collaborative Heart Disease study, was established in 1984/88 and followed into the mid-1990s. Road traffic noise maps were assessed at baseline. Psychological ill-health was measured in phase 2 in 1984/88, phase 3 (1989/93) and phase 4 (1993/7). Ischaemic heart disease was measured in clinic at baseline and through hospital records and records of deaths during follow up. We examined the longitudinal associations between road traffic noise and ischaemic heart disease morbidity and mortality using Cox Proportional Hazard Models and psychological ill-health using Logistic Regression; we also examined whether noise sensitivity and noise annoyance might moderate these associations. We also tested if noise sensitivity and noise annoyance were longitudinal predictors of ischaemic heart disease morbidity and mortality and psychological ill-health. Results Road traffic noise was not associated with ischaemic heart disease morbidity or mortality. Neither noise sensitivity nor noise annoyance moderated the effects of road traffic noise on ischaemic heart disease morbidity or mortality. High noise sensitivity was associated with lower ischaemic heart disease mortality risk (HR = 0.74, 95%CI 0.57, 0.97). Road traffic noise was associated with Phase 4 psychological ill-health but only among those exposed to 56-60dBA (fully adjusted OR = 1.82 95%CI 1.07, 3.07). Noise sensitivity moderated the association of road traffic noise exposure with psychological ill-health. High noise sensitivity was associated longitudinally with psychological ill-health at phase 3 (OR = 1.85 95%CI 1.23, 2.78) and phase 4 (OR = 1.65 95%CI 1.09, 2.50). Noise annoyance predicted psychological ill-health at phase 4 (OR = 2.47 95%CI 1.00, 6.13). Conclusions Noise sensitivity is a specific predictor of psychological ill-health and may be part of a wider construct of environmental susceptibility. Noise sensitivity may increase the risk of psychological ill-health when exposed to road traffic noise. Noise annoyance may be a mediator of the effects of road traffic noise on psychological ill-health.
Stephen Stansfeld; Charlotte Clark; Melanie Smuk; John Gallacher; Wolfgang Babisch. Road traffic noise, noise sensitivity, noise annoyance, psychological and physical health and mortality. Environmental Health 2021, 20, 1 -15.
AMA StyleStephen Stansfeld, Charlotte Clark, Melanie Smuk, John Gallacher, Wolfgang Babisch. Road traffic noise, noise sensitivity, noise annoyance, psychological and physical health and mortality. Environmental Health. 2021; 20 (1):1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStephen Stansfeld; Charlotte Clark; Melanie Smuk; John Gallacher; Wolfgang Babisch. 2021. "Road traffic noise, noise sensitivity, noise annoyance, psychological and physical health and mortality." Environmental Health 20, no. 1: 1-15.
Background: Both physical and psychological health outcomes have been associated with exposure to environmental noise. It is not known whether all individuals are equally susceptible to these effects. Noise sensitivity has chiefly been examined in studies of annoyance where it has been shown to moderate the annoyance responses to transport-related noise. Noise sensitivity could have the same moderating effect on physical and psychological health outcomes related to environmental noise exposure but this has been little tested. Noise sensitivity which is also associated with sensitivity to chemicals, light and odours could be an indicator of a more pervasive susceptibility to ill-health related to environmental sources. Methods: A cohort of 2398 men between 45 and 59 years, the longitudinal Caerphilly Collaborative Heart Disease study, was established in 1984/88 and followed into the mid-1990s. Road traffic noise maps were assessed at baseline. Baseline psychological ill-health measures were measured in phase 2 in 1984/88, at phase 3 follow up 1989/93 and phase 4 follow up in 1993/6.Ischaemic heart disease and risk factors were measured in clinic and by questionnaire at baseline and through hospital records and administrative records of deaths during follow up. This study aimed to test if noise sensitivity and noise annoyance have moderating effects on road traffic noise and psychological ill-health and secondly if noise sensitivity and noise annoyance predict physical and psychological ill-health and mortality, irrespective of exposure to road traffic noise. Results: Road traffic noise was associated with Phase 4 psychological ill-health but only among those exposed to 56-60dBA (OR= 1.98 95%CI 1.21, 3.24). High noise sensitivity was associated with lower mortality risk (HR=0.71, 95%CI 0.54-0.94). High noise sensitivity was associated longitudinally with psychological ill-health at phase 3 (OR=1.82 95%CI1.30, 2.56) and phase 4 (OR=1.78 95%CI 1.26, 2.52). There was weak evidence that noise sensitivity moderated the association of road traffic noise exposure with psychological ill-health. Noise annoyance predicted psychological ill-health at phase 4 in the sample in which baseline cases of psychological ill-health were included (OR= 2.08 95%CI 1.00, 4.31). Neither noise sensitivity nor noise annoyance moderated the effects of road traffic noise on ischaemic heart disease morbidity or mortality. Noise annoyance did not moderate the effects of road traffic noise on psychological ill-health.Conclusions: Noise sensitivity is a specific predictor of psychological ill-health and may be an indicator of current psychological ill-health as part of a wider construct of environmental susceptibility. It may increase the risk of psychological ill-health when exposed to road traffic noise.
Stephen Stansfeld; Charlotte Clark; Melanie Smuk; John Gallacher; Wolfgang Babisch. Road Traffic Noise, Noise Sensitivity, Noise Annoyance, Psychological and Physical Health and Mortality. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleStephen Stansfeld, Charlotte Clark, Melanie Smuk, John Gallacher, Wolfgang Babisch. Road Traffic Noise, Noise Sensitivity, Noise Annoyance, Psychological and Physical Health and Mortality. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStephen Stansfeld; Charlotte Clark; Melanie Smuk; John Gallacher; Wolfgang Babisch. 2020. "Road Traffic Noise, Noise Sensitivity, Noise Annoyance, Psychological and Physical Health and Mortality." , no. : 1.
Background: Both physical and psychological health outcomes have been associated with exposure to environmental noise. It is not known whether all individuals are equally susceptible to these effects. Noise sensitivity has chiefly been examined in studies of annoyance where it has been shown to moderate the annoyance responses to transport-related noise. Noise sensitivity could have the same moderating effect on physical and psychological health outcomes related to environmental noise exposure but this has been little tested. Noise sensitivity which is also associated with sensitivity to chemicals, light and odours could be an indicator of a more pervasive susceptibility to ill-health related to environmental sources. Methods: A cohort of 2398 men between 45 and 59 years, the longitudinal Caerphilly Collaborative Heart Disease study, was established in 1984/88 and followed into the mid-1990 s. Road traffic noise maps were assessed at baseline. Baseline psychological ill-health measures were measured in phase 2 in 1984/88, at phase 3 follow up 1989/93 and phase 4 follow up in 1993/6.Ischaemic heart disease and risk factors were measured in clinic and by questionnaire at baseline and through hospital records and administrative records of deaths during follow up. This study aimed to test if noise sensitivity has a moderating effect on road traffic noise and psychological ill-health and secondly if noise sensitivity predicted physical and psychological ill- health and mortality, irrespective of exposure to road traffic noise. Results: Road traffic noise was associated with Phase 4 psychological ill-health but only among those exposed to 56-60dBA (OR = 1.98 95%CI 1.21, 3.24). High noise sensitivity was associated with lower mortality risk (HR = 0.71, 95%CI 0.54–0.94). High noise sensitivity was associated longitudinally with psychological ill-health at phase 3 (OR = 1.82 95%CI1.30, 2.56). There was also weak evidence that noise sensitivity moderated the association of road traffic noise exposure with psychological ill-health. Conclusions: Noise sensitivity is a specific predictor of psychological ill-health and may be an indicator of current psychological ill-health as part of a wider construct of environmental susceptibility. It may increase the risk of psychological ill-health when exposed to road traffic noise.
Stephen Stansfeld; Charlotte Clark; Melanie Smuk; John Gallacher; Wolfgang Babisch. Road traffic noise, noise sensitivity, psychological and physical health and mortality. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleStephen Stansfeld, Charlotte Clark, Melanie Smuk, John Gallacher, Wolfgang Babisch. Road traffic noise, noise sensitivity, psychological and physical health and mortality. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStephen Stansfeld; Charlotte Clark; Melanie Smuk; John Gallacher; Wolfgang Babisch. 2020. "Road traffic noise, noise sensitivity, psychological and physical health and mortality." , no. : 1.
Purpose Job control, the combination of skill discretion and decision authority, is considered a central component of the psychosocial working environment. This longitudinal study examines the relation between job control and risk of incident depressive disorder using a life-course approach. Methods We analyze data from The Danish Work Life Course Cohort study, including all Danish individuals aged 15–30 who entered the Danish labor market during 1995–2009 and were free from depressive disorder at entry (955,573 individuals). We measured job control using a job exposure matrix. Depressive disorders were measured using information from nationwide registers of psychiatric in- and outpatient admissions. Using Cox regression models we estimated the prospective association between job control and risk of incident depressive disorders. Analyses accounted for a range of potential confounders prior to workforce entry including socioeconomic status in adolescence and parental psychiatric and somatic diagnoses prior to labor market entry, together with potential confounders in adulthood including income, education, and demographics. Results Lower levels of past year job control were associated with a higher risk of depressive disorder after adjustment for all covariates (HR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.16–1.38). Results stratified by gender showed associations for both men (HR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.19–1.61) and women (HR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.08–1.32). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the level of job control at work affects the risk of clinically diagnosed depressive disorder, and that this association is not due to confounding by socioeconomic status.
Annemette Coop Svane-Petersen; Anders Holm; Hermann Burr; Elisabeth Framke; Maria Melchior; Naja Hulvej Rod; Børge Sivertsen; Stephen Stansfeld; Jeppe Karl Sørensen; Marianna Virtanen; Reiner Rugulies; Ida E. H. Madsen. Psychosocial working conditions and depressive disorder: disentangling effects of job control from socioeconomic status using a life-course approach. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2019, 55, 217 -228.
AMA StyleAnnemette Coop Svane-Petersen, Anders Holm, Hermann Burr, Elisabeth Framke, Maria Melchior, Naja Hulvej Rod, Børge Sivertsen, Stephen Stansfeld, Jeppe Karl Sørensen, Marianna Virtanen, Reiner Rugulies, Ida E. H. Madsen. Psychosocial working conditions and depressive disorder: disentangling effects of job control from socioeconomic status using a life-course approach. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2019; 55 (2):217-228.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnemette Coop Svane-Petersen; Anders Holm; Hermann Burr; Elisabeth Framke; Maria Melchior; Naja Hulvej Rod; Børge Sivertsen; Stephen Stansfeld; Jeppe Karl Sørensen; Marianna Virtanen; Reiner Rugulies; Ida E. H. Madsen. 2019. "Psychosocial working conditions and depressive disorder: disentangling effects of job control from socioeconomic status using a life-course approach." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 55, no. 2: 217-228.
In his recent discussion paper in this journal, Truls Gjestland attempts a "systematic review", as he calls it, of the evidence base for aircraft noise annoyance, consolidated in a meta-analysis by Guski et al. that informed the recommended guideline value of 45 dB Lden in the recently published World Health Organization (WHO) Environmental Noise Guidelines. He questions the validity of the presented evidence, as "some of the referenced studies have not been conducted according to standardized methods, and the selection of respondents is not representative of the general airport population." Gjestland maintains that the new WHO Guidelines are based on a questionable selection of existing aircraft noise studies. Our reply comments on the arguments of Gjestland and refutes most of his critique.
Rainer Guski; Dirk Schreckenberg; Rudolf Schuemer; Mark Brink; Stephen A. Stansfeld. Comment on Gjestland, T. A Systematic Review of the Basis for WHO's New Recommendation for Limiting Aircraft Noise Annoyance. Int. J. Env. Res. Pub. Health 2018, 15, 2717. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 1088 .
AMA StyleRainer Guski, Dirk Schreckenberg, Rudolf Schuemer, Mark Brink, Stephen A. Stansfeld. Comment on Gjestland, T. A Systematic Review of the Basis for WHO's New Recommendation for Limiting Aircraft Noise Annoyance. Int. J. Env. Res. Pub. Health 2018, 15, 2717. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (7):1088.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRainer Guski; Dirk Schreckenberg; Rudolf Schuemer; Mark Brink; Stephen A. Stansfeld. 2019. "Comment on Gjestland, T. A Systematic Review of the Basis for WHO's New Recommendation for Limiting Aircraft Noise Annoyance. Int. J. Env. Res. Pub. Health 2018, 15, 2717." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 7: 1088.
Several studies have documented that older workers who live in areas with higher unemployment rates are more likely to leave work for health and non-health reasons. Due to tracking of area disadvantage over the life course, and because negative individual health and socioeconomic factors are more likely to develop in individuals from disadvantaged areas, we do not know at what specific ages, and through which specific pathways, area unemployment may be influencing retirement age. Using data from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, we use structural equation modelling to investigate pathways linking local authority unemployment at three ages (4y, 26y and 53y) to age of retirement (right-censored). We explored five hypothesized pathways: (1) residential tracking, (2) health, (3) employment status, (4) occupational class, and (5) education. Initially, pathways between life course area unemployment, each pathway and retirement age were assessed individually. Mediation pathways were tested in the full model. Our results showed that area unemployment tracked across the life course. Higher area unemployment at ages 4 and 53 were independently associated with earlier retirement age [1% increase = mean -0.64 (95% CI: -1.12, -0.16) and -0.25 (95% CI: -0.43, -0.06) years]. Both were explained by adjustment for individual employment status at ages 26 and 53 years. Higher area unemployment at age 26 was associated with poorer health and lower likelihood of employment at aged 53; and these 2 individual pathways were identified as the key mediators between area unemployment and retirement age. In conclusion, these results suggest that interventions designed to create local employment opportunities for young adults should lead to extended working through improved employment and health at mid-life.
Emily T. Murray; Paola Zaninotto; Maria Fleischmann; Mai Stafford; Ewan Carr; Nicola Shelton; Stephen Stansfeld; Diana Kuh; Jenny Head. Linking local labour market conditions across the life course to retirement age: Pathways of health, employment status, occupational class and educational achievement, using 60 years of the 1946 British Birth Cohort. Social Science & Medicine 2019, 226, 113 -122.
AMA StyleEmily T. Murray, Paola Zaninotto, Maria Fleischmann, Mai Stafford, Ewan Carr, Nicola Shelton, Stephen Stansfeld, Diana Kuh, Jenny Head. Linking local labour market conditions across the life course to retirement age: Pathways of health, employment status, occupational class and educational achievement, using 60 years of the 1946 British Birth Cohort. Social Science & Medicine. 2019; 226 ():113-122.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmily T. Murray; Paola Zaninotto; Maria Fleischmann; Mai Stafford; Ewan Carr; Nicola Shelton; Stephen Stansfeld; Diana Kuh; Jenny Head. 2019. "Linking local labour market conditions across the life course to retirement age: Pathways of health, employment status, occupational class and educational achievement, using 60 years of the 1946 British Birth Cohort." Social Science & Medicine 226, no. : 113-122.
Background There is limited evidence for public health policy-makers on the health impacts of urban regeneration programmes. Objectives To assess whether or not the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, and related urban regeneration, were associated with an increase in physical activity and mental health and well-being; to assess whether or not any benefits were sustained over time; and to capture the experiences of residents of the Olympic host boroughs. Design Quasi-experimental prospective cohort study of adolescents and their parents/carers, with a nested qualitative longitudinal study of families. Setting London boroughs of Newham, Barking and Dagenham, Tower Hamlets and Hackney. Participants A cohort of 2254 adolescents in 25 schools; a repeat cross-sectional study of parents/carers and a sample of 20 families for the qualitative study. Intervention The London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, and urban regeneration primarily associated with the redevelopment of the Olympic Park for legacy use. Primary outcome measures Change in the proportion of respondents meeting physical activity recommendations (using self-reported physical activity); change in the proportion of respondents reporting depression and anxiety and change in well-being score. Main results At 6 months, adolescents who became inactive were less likely to come from the intervention borough (Newham) than from comparison boroughs [risk ratio (RR) = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51 to 0.93]. At 18 months, there were no statistically significant differences between intervention and comparison boroughs for all adolescent physical activity and screen-time transitions. Those who visited the Olympic Park more than once a month were the least likely to remain inactive (RR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.48) and the least likely to become inactive (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.60) compared with those who were active at baseline and at the 18-month follow-up. No impacts on parental/carer physical activity were observed. Adolescents who were ‘no longer depressed’ (RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.20) or ‘remained depressed’ (RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.83) at 6 months were more likely to be from the intervention borough. For well-being, there was no association between boroughs and change in well-being between baseline and the 6-month follow-up. At 18 months’ follow-up, adolescents who ‘remained depressed’ (RR 1.93, 95% CI 1.01 to 3.70) were more likely to be from the intervention borough than from comparison boroughs. No associations were observed for well-being at 18 months. There was limited evidence of change for parental mental health and well-being. The qualitative study found that residents generally welcomed the unexpected chance to live in a cleaner, safer and more unified environment. The findings suggested that the Games temporarily alleviated certain stressors in the social and physical environment. Overall, the Games lessened participants’ sense of social exclusion and appeared to generate a sense of inclusion and respite, even if this was only temporary. Study limitations include the potential for adolescents to not be assigned the correct level of exposure to urban regeneration and the effect of reductions in central and local public budgets owing to the UK Government’s deficit reduction programme. Conclusions This study provided the highest quality data to date on the short- and medium-term social and health impacts of sporting mega-events. We found limited evidence that the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games had a positive effect on adolescent or parental physical activity, mental health or well-being. Funding The National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme.
Steven Cummins; Charlotte Clark; Daniel Lewis; Neil Smith; Claire Thompson; Melanie Smuk; Stephen Stansfeld; Stephanie Taylor; Amanda Fahy; Trish Greenhalgh; Sandra Eldridge. The effects of the London 2012 Olympics and related urban regeneration on physical and mental health: the ORiEL mixed-methods evaluation of a natural experiment. Public Health Research 2018, 6, 1 -248.
AMA StyleSteven Cummins, Charlotte Clark, Daniel Lewis, Neil Smith, Claire Thompson, Melanie Smuk, Stephen Stansfeld, Stephanie Taylor, Amanda Fahy, Trish Greenhalgh, Sandra Eldridge. The effects of the London 2012 Olympics and related urban regeneration on physical and mental health: the ORiEL mixed-methods evaluation of a natural experiment. Public Health Research. 2018; 6 (12):1-248.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSteven Cummins; Charlotte Clark; Daniel Lewis; Neil Smith; Claire Thompson; Melanie Smuk; Stephen Stansfeld; Stephanie Taylor; Amanda Fahy; Trish Greenhalgh; Sandra Eldridge. 2018. "The effects of the London 2012 Olympics and related urban regeneration on physical and mental health: the ORiEL mixed-methods evaluation of a natural experiment." Public Health Research 6, no. 12: 1-248.
Background/Aims No comprehensive assessment of the influence of the home environment on traumatic dental injuries (TDI) has been conducted to date. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between family environment and TDI among adolescents from East London. Materials and Method This cross‐sectional study used data from 646 adolescents who participated in Phase III of the Research with East London Adolescents Community Health Survey (RELACHS). Family environment was measured with four indicators (non‐nuclear family, discordant parental relationship and levels of parental support and parental punishment) measured through a self‐administered questionnaire. Clinical examinations were performed for TDI, overjet and lip coverage. Logistic regression was used to test the crude and adjusted (controlling for sociodemographic and clinical factors) association of each family environment characteristic with TDI prevalence. Results Twenty‐nine percent of adolescents were from non‐nuclear families and 52.3% reported a discordant parental relationship. The mean score for parental support was ‐0.01 (Standard Deviation: 0.90, range: ‐0.11 to 0.08) and the mean parental punishment score was 0.03 (SD: 0.86, range: ‐0.04 to 0.10). Adolescents from non‐nuclear families had 1.63 (95% Confidence Interval: 1.06‐2.53) greater odds of having TDI than those from nuclear families. However, this association was fully attenuated after adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors. The other three indicators of family were not associated with TDI either in crude or adjusted regression models. Conclusion This study found weak evidence of an association between family environment and TDI. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Sofia Sideri; Wagner Marcenes; Stephen A. Stansfeld; Eduardo Bernabé. Family environment and traumatic dental injuries in adolescents. Dental Traumatology 2018, 34, 438 -444.
AMA StyleSofia Sideri, Wagner Marcenes, Stephen A. Stansfeld, Eduardo Bernabé. Family environment and traumatic dental injuries in adolescents. Dental Traumatology. 2018; 34 (6):438-444.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSofia Sideri; Wagner Marcenes; Stephen A. Stansfeld; Eduardo Bernabé. 2018. "Family environment and traumatic dental injuries in adolescents." Dental Traumatology 34, no. 6: 438-444.
Ann Hagell; Sarah Curtis; Shari Daya; Yasmin Khatib; Rachel Pain; Catherine Rothon; Stephen Stansfeld; Sara Fuller. Some thoughts on the broader context:. Changing adolescence 2018, 151 -164.
AMA StyleAnn Hagell, Sarah Curtis, Shari Daya, Yasmin Khatib, Rachel Pain, Catherine Rothon, Stephen Stansfeld, Sara Fuller. Some thoughts on the broader context:. Changing adolescence. 2018; ():151-164.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnn Hagell; Sarah Curtis; Shari Daya; Yasmin Khatib; Rachel Pain; Catherine Rothon; Stephen Stansfeld; Sara Fuller. 2018. "Some thoughts on the broader context:." Changing adolescence , no. : 151-164.
Psychosocial work characteristics are potential determinants of retirement intentions and actual retirement. A systematic review was conducted of the influence of psychosocial work characteristics on retirement intentions and actual retirement among the general population. This did not include people who were known to be ill or receiving disability pension. Relevant papers were identified by a search of PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases to December 2016. We included longitudinal and cross-sectional papers that assessed psychosocial work characteristics in relation to retirement intentions or actual retirement. Papers were filtered by title and abstract before data extraction was performed on full texts using a predetermined extraction sheet. Forty-six papers contained relevant evidence. High job satisfaction and high job control were associated with later retirement intentions and actual retirement. No consistent evidence was found for an association of job demands with retirement intentions or actual retirement. We conclude that to extend working lives policies should increase the job control available to older employees.
Peter Browne; Ewan Carr; Maria Fleischmann; Baowen Xue; Stephen A. Stansfeld. The relationship between workplace psychosocial environment and retirement intentions and actual retirement: a systematic review. European Journal of Ageing 2018, 16, 73 -82.
AMA StylePeter Browne, Ewan Carr, Maria Fleischmann, Baowen Xue, Stephen A. Stansfeld. The relationship between workplace psychosocial environment and retirement intentions and actual retirement: a systematic review. European Journal of Ageing. 2018; 16 (1):73-82.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeter Browne; Ewan Carr; Maria Fleischmann; Baowen Xue; Stephen A. Stansfeld. 2018. "The relationship between workplace psychosocial environment and retirement intentions and actual retirement: a systematic review." European Journal of Ageing 16, no. 1: 73-82.
To examine whether psychosocial work characteristics at age 45 years predict exit from the labour market by the age of 50 years in data from the 1958 British Birth Cohort. Psychosocial work characteristics (decision latitude, job demands, job strain and work social support at 45 years and job insecurity at 42 years) measured by questionnaire were linked to employment outcomes (unemployment, retirement, permanent sickness, homemaking) at 50 years in 6510 male and female participants. Low decision latitude (RR = 2.01, 95%CI 1.06,3.79), low work social support (RR = 1.96, 95%CI 1.12,3.44), and high job insecurity (RR = 2.27, 95%CI 1.41, 3.67) predicted unemployment at 50, adjusting for sex, housing tenure, socioeconomic status, marital status, and education. High demands were associated with lower risk of unemployment (RR = 0.50, 95%CI 0.29,0.88) but higher risk of permanent sickness (RR = 2.14, 95%CI 1.09,4.21). Keeping people in the workforce beyond 50 years may contribute to both personal and national prosperity. Employers may wish to improve working conditions for older workers, in particular, increase control over work, increase support and reduce demands to retain older employees in the workforce.
Stephen A. Stansfeld; Ewan Carr; Melanie Smuk; Charlotte Clark; Emily Murray; Nicola Shelton; Jenny Head. Mid-life psychosocial work environment as a predictor of work exit by age 50. PLOS ONE 2018, 13, e0195495 .
AMA StyleStephen A. Stansfeld, Ewan Carr, Melanie Smuk, Charlotte Clark, Emily Murray, Nicola Shelton, Jenny Head. Mid-life psychosocial work environment as a predictor of work exit by age 50. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13 (4):e0195495.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStephen A. Stansfeld; Ewan Carr; Melanie Smuk; Charlotte Clark; Emily Murray; Nicola Shelton; Jenny Head. 2018. "Mid-life psychosocial work environment as a predictor of work exit by age 50." PLOS ONE 13, no. 4: e0195495.
An increasing number of children are exposed to road traffic noise levels that may lead to adverse effects on health and daily functioning. Childhood is a period of intense growth and brain maturation, and children may therefore be especially vulnerable to road traffic noise. The objective of the present study was to examine whether road traffic noise was associated with reported inattention symptoms in children, and whether this association was mediated by sleep duration. This study was based on the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Parental reports of children’s inattention at age 8 were linked to modelled levels of residential road traffic noise. We investigated the association between inattention and noise exposure during pregnancy (n = 1934), noise exposure averaged over 5 years (age 3 to 8 years; n = 1384) and noise exposure at age 8 years (n = 1384), using fractional logit response models. The participants were children from Oslo, Norway. An association with inattention at age 8 years was found for road traffic noise exposure at age 8 years (coef = .0083, CI = [.0012, .0154]; 1.2% point increase in inattention score per 10 dB increase in noise level), road traffic noise exposure average for the last 5 years (coef = .0090, CI = [.0016, .0164]; 1.3% point increase/10 dB), and for pregnancy road traffic noise exposure for boys (coef = .0091, CI = [.0010, .0171]), but not girls (coef = −.0021, CI = [−.0094, .0053]). Criteria for doing mediation analyses were not fulfilled. Results indicate that road traffic noise has a negative impact on children’s inattention. We found no mediation by sleep duration.
Kjell Vegard Weyde; Norun Hjertager Krog; Bente Oftedal; Per Magnus; Simon Øverland; Stephen Stansfeld; Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen; Martine Vrijheid; Montserrat De Castro Pascual; Gunn Marit Aasvang. Road traffic noise and children’s inattention. Environmental Health 2017, 16, 127 -127.
AMA StyleKjell Vegard Weyde, Norun Hjertager Krog, Bente Oftedal, Per Magnus, Simon Øverland, Stephen Stansfeld, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, Martine Vrijheid, Montserrat De Castro Pascual, Gunn Marit Aasvang. Road traffic noise and children’s inattention. Environmental Health. 2017; 16 (1):127-127.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKjell Vegard Weyde; Norun Hjertager Krog; Bente Oftedal; Per Magnus; Simon Øverland; Stephen Stansfeld; Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen; Martine Vrijheid; Montserrat De Castro Pascual; Gunn Marit Aasvang. 2017. "Road traffic noise and children’s inattention." Environmental Health 16, no. 1: 127-127.
Kamaldeep Bhui; Stephen Stansfeld. The Authors reply. Journal of Adolescent Health 2017, 61, 665 -666.
AMA StyleKamaldeep Bhui, Stephen Stansfeld. The Authors reply. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2017; 61 (5):665-666.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKamaldeep Bhui; Stephen Stansfeld. 2017. "The Authors reply." Journal of Adolescent Health 61, no. 5: 665-666.
Background Material and social environmental stressors affect mental health in adolescence. Protective factors such as social support from family and friends may help to buffer the effects of adversity. Aims The association of violence exposure and emotional disorders was examined in Cape Town adolescents. Method A total of 1034 Grade 8 high school students participated from seven government co-educational schools in Cape Town, South Africa. Exposure to violence in the past 12 months and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were measured by the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, depressive and anxiety symptoms by the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. Results Exposure to violence was associated with high scores on depressive (odds ratio (OR)=6.23, 95% CI 4.2–9.2), anxiety (OR=5.40, 95% CI 2.4–12.4) and PTSD symptoms (OR=8.93, 95% CI 2.9–27.2) and increased risk of self-harm (OR=5.72, 95% CI 1.2–25.9) adjusting for gender and social support. Conclusions We found that high exposure to violence was associated with high levels of emotional disorders in adolescents that was not buffered by social support. There is an urgent need for interventions to reduce exposure to violence in young people in this setting.
Stephen A. Stansfeld; Catherine Rothon; Jayati Das-Munshi; Cathy Mathews; Arlene Adams; Charlotte Clark; Crick Lund. Exposure to violence and mental health of adolescents: South African Health and Well-being Study. BJPsych Open 2017, 3, 257 -264.
AMA StyleStephen A. Stansfeld, Catherine Rothon, Jayati Das-Munshi, Cathy Mathews, Arlene Adams, Charlotte Clark, Crick Lund. Exposure to violence and mental health of adolescents: South African Health and Well-being Study. BJPsych Open. 2017; 3 (5):257-264.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStephen A. Stansfeld; Catherine Rothon; Jayati Das-Munshi; Cathy Mathews; Arlene Adams; Charlotte Clark; Crick Lund. 2017. "Exposure to violence and mental health of adolescents: South African Health and Well-being Study." BJPsych Open 3, no. 5: 257-264.
PurposeThe purpose of the study is to test whether bullying in adolescents relates to poor mental health and whether social support mitigated this effect.MethodsIn 2001, 28 schools in East London were randomly selected for surveys of two representative mixed ability classes: year 7 (11–12 years) and year 9 (13–14 years). Repeated measures were obtained from the same pupils 2 years later, using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (total difficulties score [TDS]) as a measure of psychological distress. A simple one-level random intercepts model with measurements nested within pupils was used to investigate the effects of bullying and social support from friends and family on TDS. We also assessed whether culturally congruent friendships offered a mental health advantage.ResultsBullying was associated with a higher mean TDS (coefficient, 95% confidence interval: White British: 2.15, 1.41–2.88; Bangladeshi: 1.65, .91–2.4); a high level of family social support was associated with a lower TDS (White British: −2.36, −3.33 to −1.39; Bangladeshi: −2.34, −3.15 to −.149). Social support from friends was helpful for White British adolescents (−1.06, −2.07 to −.04). Culturally congruent friendships offered no general advantage.ConclusionBullying is associated with psychological distress; family social support is independently associated with less psychological distress. PurposeThe purpose of the study is to test whether bullying in adolescents relates to poor mental health and whether social support mitigated this effect. The purpose of the study is to test whether bullying in adolescents relates to poor mental health and whether social support mitigated this effect. MethodsIn 2001, 28 schools in East London were randomly selected for surveys of two representative mixed ability classes: year 7 (11–12 years) and year 9 (13–14 years). Repeated measures were obtained from the same pupils 2 years later, using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (total difficulties score [TDS]) as a measure of psychological distress. A simple one-level random intercepts model with measurements nested within pupils was used to investigate the effects of bullying and social support from friends and family on TDS. We also assessed whether culturally congruent friendships offered a mental health advantage. In 2001, 28 schools in East London were randomly selected for surveys of two representative mixed ability classes: year 7 (11–12 years) and year 9 (13–14 years). Repeated measures were obtained from the same pupils 2 years later, using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (total difficulties score [TDS]) as a measure of psychological distress. A simple one-level random intercepts model with measurements nested within pupils was used to investigate the effects of bullying and social support from friends and family on TDS. We also assessed whether culturally congruent friendships offered a mental health advantage. ResultsBullying was associated with a higher mean TDS (coefficient, 95% confidence interval: White British: 2.15, 1.41–2.88; Bangladeshi: 1.65, .91–2.4); a high level of family social support was associated with a lower TDS (White British: −2.36, −3.33 to −1.39; Bangladeshi: −2.34, −3.15 to −.149). Social support from friends was helpful for White British adolescents (−1.06, −2.07 to −.04). Culturally congruent friendships offered no general advantage. Bullying was associated with a higher mean TDS (coefficient, 95% confidence interval: White British: 2.15, 1.41–2.88; Bangladeshi: 1.65, .91–2.4); a high level of family social support was associated with a lower TDS (White British: −2.36, −3.33 to −1.39; Bangladeshi: −2.34, −3.15 to −.149). Social support from friends was helpful for White British adolescents (−1.06, −2.07 to −.04). Culturally congruent friendships offered no general advantage. ConclusionBullying is associated with psychological distress; family social support is independently associated with less psychological distress. Bullying is associated with psychological distress; family social support is independently associated with less psychological distress.
Kamaldeep Bhui; Maria Joao Silva; Seeromanie Harding; Stephen Stansfeld. Bullying, Social Support, and Psychological Distress: Findings From RELACHS Cohorts of East London's White British and Bangladeshi Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health 2017, 61, 317 -328.
AMA StyleKamaldeep Bhui, Maria Joao Silva, Seeromanie Harding, Stephen Stansfeld. Bullying, Social Support, and Psychological Distress: Findings From RELACHS Cohorts of East London's White British and Bangladeshi Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2017; 61 (3):317-328.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKamaldeep Bhui; Maria Joao Silva; Seeromanie Harding; Stephen Stansfeld. 2017. "Bullying, Social Support, and Psychological Distress: Findings From RELACHS Cohorts of East London's White British and Bangladeshi Adolescents." Journal of Adolescent Health 61, no. 3: 317-328.
Recent years have seen an increased focus on the high rates of psychiatric comorbidities in adults with chronic illness. This systematic review explored whether chronic illness in adolescents was similarly associated with poor psychiatric outcomes. The literature search identified 129 articles, only 5 of which were indicated to be at a low risk of methodological bias. Four of these articles found a strong relationship between asthma in adolescence and an increase in the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders, while the remaining article, which focused on diabetes mellitus, indicated similarly increased rates of psychiatric illness. Trends among the remaining studies suggested that many illnesses were not associated with poor adolescent mental health. Please note that chronic conditions with a neurological aetiology were excluded from the main review due to indications of qualitative differences in comorbidities. Findings highlight that the well-being of adolescents with chronic illness warrants a specific research focus.
Ann Marie Brady; Jessica Deighton; Stephen Stansfeld. Psychiatric outcomes associated with chronic illness in adolescence: A systematic review. Journal of Adolescence 2017, 59, 112 -123.
AMA StyleAnn Marie Brady, Jessica Deighton, Stephen Stansfeld. Psychiatric outcomes associated with chronic illness in adolescence: A systematic review. Journal of Adolescence. 2017; 59 ():112-123.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnn Marie Brady; Jessica Deighton; Stephen Stansfeld. 2017. "Psychiatric outcomes associated with chronic illness in adolescence: A systematic review." Journal of Adolescence 59, no. : 112-123.
Public expenditure on mega-events such as the London 2012 Olympic Games is often justified by the potential legacy of urban regeneration and its associated health and wellbeing benefits for local communities. The ORiEL (Olympic Regeneration in East London) study examined whether urban regeneration associated with the 2012 Games was associated with improved mental health. Adolescents aged 11-12 years attending schools in the Olympic host London Borough of Newham or in three adjacent comparison London Boroughs, completed a survey prior to the Olympic Games (2012) and six-months and 18-months after the Games (2013 and 2014, respectively). Change in depressive symptoms and wellbeing between baseline and each follow-up were examined. 2254 adolescents from 25 randomly selected schools participated. Adolescents from the Olympic host borough were more likely to have 'remained depressed' between baseline and the six-month and 18-month follow-ups (Relative Risk = 1.78, 95%CI 1.12-2.83; Relative Risk = 1.93, 95%CI 1.01-3.70), compared with adolescents from the comparison boroughs. No differences in wellbeing were observed. There was very little evidence that urban regeneration had any positive influence on adolescent mental health and some suggestion regeneration may have been associated with maintenance of depressive symptoms. Such programmes may have limited short-term impact on the mental health of adolescents.
Charlotte Clark; Melanie Smuk; Steven Cummins; Sandra Eldridge; Amanda Fahy; Daniel Lewis; Derek G Moore; Neil Smith; Stephanie J C Taylor; Stephen A Stansfeld. An Olympic Legacy? Did the Urban Regeneration Associated With the London 2012 Olympic Games Influence Adolescent Mental Health? American Journal Of Epidemiology 2017, 187, 474 -483.
AMA StyleCharlotte Clark, Melanie Smuk, Steven Cummins, Sandra Eldridge, Amanda Fahy, Daniel Lewis, Derek G Moore, Neil Smith, Stephanie J C Taylor, Stephen A Stansfeld. An Olympic Legacy? Did the Urban Regeneration Associated With the London 2012 Olympic Games Influence Adolescent Mental Health? American Journal Of Epidemiology. 2017; 187 (3):474-483.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCharlotte Clark; Melanie Smuk; Steven Cummins; Sandra Eldridge; Amanda Fahy; Daniel Lewis; Derek G Moore; Neil Smith; Stephanie J C Taylor; Stephen A Stansfeld. 2017. "An Olympic Legacy? Did the Urban Regeneration Associated With the London 2012 Olympic Games Influence Adolescent Mental Health?" American Journal Of Epidemiology 187, no. 3: 474-483.
Almost half of the European Union (EU)’s population is exposed to road traffic noise above levels that constitute a health risk. Associations between road traffic noise and impaired sleep in adults have consistently been reported. Less is known about effects of noise on children’s sleep. The aim of this study was to examine the association between nocturnal road traffic noise exposure and children’s parental-reported sleep duration and sleep problems. The present cross-sectional study used data from The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Parental report of children’s sleep duration and sleep problems at age 7 was linked to modelled levels of residential night-time road traffic noise. The study population included 2665 children from Oslo, Norway. No association was found between road traffic noise and sleep duration in the total study population (odds ratio (OR): 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): [0.94, 1.17]), but a statistically significant association was observed in girls (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: [1.04, 1.41]). For sleep problems, the associations were similar (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: [0.85, 2.16]) in girls. The ORs are presented for an increase of 10 dB. The findings suggest there is an association between road traffic noise and sleep for girls, underlining the importance of protecting children against excessive noise levels.
Kjell Vegard Weyde; Norun Hjertager Krog; Bente Oftedal; Jorunn Evandt; Per Magnus; Simon Øverland; Charlotte Clark; Stephen Stansfeld; Gunn Marit Aasvang. Nocturnal Road Traffic Noise Exposure and Children’s Sleep Duration and Sleep Problems. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017, 14, 491 .
AMA StyleKjell Vegard Weyde, Norun Hjertager Krog, Bente Oftedal, Jorunn Evandt, Per Magnus, Simon Øverland, Charlotte Clark, Stephen Stansfeld, Gunn Marit Aasvang. Nocturnal Road Traffic Noise Exposure and Children’s Sleep Duration and Sleep Problems. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14 (5):491.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKjell Vegard Weyde; Norun Hjertager Krog; Bente Oftedal; Jorunn Evandt; Per Magnus; Simon Øverland; Charlotte Clark; Stephen Stansfeld; Gunn Marit Aasvang. 2017. "Nocturnal Road Traffic Noise Exposure and Children’s Sleep Duration and Sleep Problems." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 5: 491.
Purpose This study aims to examine workplace stress in a random sample of litigated cases heard in UK courts. The majority of claims related to clinical depression. The alleged causes of workplace stress most commonly cited in the litigation included excessive workload, followed by poor management practices; organisational, economic or technical changes; aggressive management style; and bullying by co-workers. Design/methodology/approach The term claimant is used to refer to the worker who made the original complaint of workplace stress, and the term defendant refers to the employing organisation defending the claim. In an attempt to establish the number and type of claims brought forward, the population of individual case records relating to workplace stress was accessed electronically from a variety of legal databases. Findings The presence of effective workplace stress management policies were important interventions that played a particularly significant role in avoiding legal action and reducing employees’ detrimental experiences. A significant finding was that 94 per cent of the cases were found in favour of the employer as the defendant, and the implications of this for managerial practice are suggested. This analysis of 75 cases between 1992-2014 will shed valuable light on the nature of workplace stress claims heard in the courts and the likelihood of the claimant employee’s success in such cases. Research limitations/implications Further work could be undertaken to examine the extent to which the legal framework could be regarded as encouraging a compensation culture and placing excessive burdens on employing organisations. This paper assesses the scope of liability for workplace stress through an analysis of some of the legal claims made and evaluates whether these sorts of fears are justified. Practical implications These court cases are real scenarios in which various organisations faced civil action arising from workplace stress claims. The main contribution that this research makes to the existing body of literature on the subject is to discern the different contexts that led to litigation in these cases. Social implications Researchers have reported on the negative consequences associated with workplace stress, both for individuals and organisations (Cooper and Marshall, 1976). It has been recognised that employers have a duty, which is in many cases enforceable by law, to ensure that employees do not become ill (Michie, 2002). The aim of this paper is to analyse the legal record on litigation since 1992 and discuss how the findings inform the wider literature. Originality/value Workplace stress claims have been described as the “next growth area” in claims for psychiatric illness (Mullany and Handford, 1997; Elvin, 2008; Horsey and Rackley, 2009). Hugh Collins stated “owing to the limitations of the statutory compensatory scheme in the UK […] private law has been used to expand the range of protection against illness […] in the workplace” (Collins, 2003). To understand how court decisions are changing, the development of this body of law needs to be traced (Ivancevich et al., 1985).
Graeme Lockwood; Claire Henderson; Stephen Stansfeld. An assessment of employer liability for workplace stress. International Journal of Law and Management 2017, 59, 202 -216.
AMA StyleGraeme Lockwood, Claire Henderson, Stephen Stansfeld. An assessment of employer liability for workplace stress. International Journal of Law and Management. 2017; 59 (2):202-216.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGraeme Lockwood; Claire Henderson; Stephen Stansfeld. 2017. "An assessment of employer liability for workplace stress." International Journal of Law and Management 59, no. 2: 202-216.