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Shilin Tang
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China

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Journal article
Published: 14 May 2021 in Remote Sensing
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The China-France Oceanography SATellite (CFOSAT), launched on 29 October 2018, is a joint mission developed by China and France. To evaluate the CFOSAT wind product, L2B swath data with a spatial resolution of 25 × 25 km were compared with in situ measurements between December 2018 and December 2020. The in situ measurements were collected from 217 buoys. All buoy winds were adjusted to 10 m height using a simple logarithmic correction method. The temporal and spatial separations between the CFOSAT and in situ measurements were restricted to less than 30 min and 0.25°. The results indicate that the CFOSAT wind retrievals agree well with the buoy measurements. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) of wind vectors were 1.39 m s−1 and 34.32° and negligible biases were found. In the near shore under rain-free conditions, the RMSEs were enhanced to 1.42 m s−1 and 33.43°. Similarly, the RMSEs were reduced to 1.16 m s−1 and 30.41° offshore after the rain effect was removed. After winds less than 4 m s−1 were removed, the RMSE of wind directions was reduced to 19.69°. The effects of significant wave height, air-sea temperature difference, sea surface temperature, atmospheric pressure and ocean surface current on the wind residuals were assessed. The performance of wind retrievals under the passage of tropical cyclones was evaluated. The evaluation results show that the CFOSAT wind retrievals satisfy the accuracy requirements of scientific research, although some improvements are needed to enhance the performance.

ACS Style

Haijun Ye; Junmin Li; Bo Li; Junliang Liu; Danling Tang; Wuyang Chen; Hongqiang Yang; Fenghua Zhou; Rongwang Zhang; Sufen Wang; Shilin Tang. Evaluation of CFOSAT Scatterometer Wind Data in Global Oceans. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 1926 .

AMA Style

Haijun Ye, Junmin Li, Bo Li, Junliang Liu, Danling Tang, Wuyang Chen, Hongqiang Yang, Fenghua Zhou, Rongwang Zhang, Sufen Wang, Shilin Tang. Evaluation of CFOSAT Scatterometer Wind Data in Global Oceans. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (10):1926.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Haijun Ye; Junmin Li; Bo Li; Junliang Liu; Danling Tang; Wuyang Chen; Hongqiang Yang; Fenghua Zhou; Rongwang Zhang; Sufen Wang; Shilin Tang. 2021. "Evaluation of CFOSAT Scatterometer Wind Data in Global Oceans." Remote Sensing 13, no. 10: 1926.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2021 in Remote Sensing
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Hangzhou Bay (HZB) is the largest macro-tidal bay in China, where suspended sediment concentrations are significantly modulated by tidal oscillations. This makes it an ideal area for the study of the impact of tide on temporal–spatial variation in suspended sediment. The GaoFen-4 (GF-4) satellite is the first high-resolution geosynchronous orbiting satellite of China. It exhibits the unique advantages of capturing minute variations and finer details of total suspended matter (TSM) due to the enhancement in spatial resolution (50 m) and observation time interval (20 s). In this study, TSM concentration of the HZB was retrieved based on the GF-4 satellite. The spatial distribution and minute variations of TSM concentration under the ebb tide from 7:30 to 7:40 a.m. on 28 August 2017, were analyzed. The results showed that the average TSM concentration inside HZB was (371.8 ± 1.8) mg/L. There was a linearly increasing trend of TSM concentration at ebb tide, with an increment of (3.96 ± 0.31) (mg/L)/min, and a more significant increase was observed in the high TSM areas. This increase in TSM concentration was associated with both the bottom topography and tide processes. The tidal potential energy generated by the tidal range and the strong shear stress generated by the high current velocity both led to the re-suspension of the sedimentary particles, which affected the variation of TSM concentration. In addition, the influence of bottom topography changed the intensity of re-suspension and also affected the distribution of TSM concentration in HZB.

ACS Style

Qiong Chen; Bin Zhou; Zhifeng Yu; Jie Wu; Shilin Tang. Detection of the Minute Variations of Total Suspended Matter in Strong Tidal Waters Based on GaoFen-4 Satellite Data. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 1339 .

AMA Style

Qiong Chen, Bin Zhou, Zhifeng Yu, Jie Wu, Shilin Tang. Detection of the Minute Variations of Total Suspended Matter in Strong Tidal Waters Based on GaoFen-4 Satellite Data. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (7):1339.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qiong Chen; Bin Zhou; Zhifeng Yu; Jie Wu; Shilin Tang. 2021. "Detection of the Minute Variations of Total Suspended Matter in Strong Tidal Waters Based on GaoFen-4 Satellite Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 7: 1339.

Journal article
Published: 07 February 2021 in Water
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The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge crosses the Pearl River Estuary and is the largest bridge and tunnel project in the world. During the construction period of this project, the excessive suspended sediment was found in the construction region. The suspended sediment generated by sand excavation in the upstream was assumed to have a significant impact on the suspended sediment in the tunnel region. In this study, we assessed the impact of upstream sand excavation on the suspended sediment in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge construction area using Landsat OLI, ETM+, and TM data. Regional suspended sediment algorithms were developed for Landsat using a symbolic regression method based on data from in situ measurements in the study area from 2003 to 2014. A band shift was conducted on the remote sensing reflectance data from Landsat ETM+ and OLI to produce a time series of the suspended sediment concentrations that was internally consistent with that of the Landsat TM data. The suspended sediment distribution was extracted and used to compare under two different conditions, with and without sand excavation. The correlations of the time series of the suspended sediment concentrations in different regions in the surrounding waters, including the correlations between the construction regions and the sand excavation regions, were calculated. Our results indicated that the sand excavation north of the Pearl River Estuary had a limited impact on the surface suspended sediment concentrations in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge tunnel area.

ACS Style

Fenfen Liu; Tonghui Zhang; Haibin Ye; Shilin Tang. Using Satellite Remote Sensing to Study the Effect of Sand Excavation on the Suspended Sediment in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge Region. Water 2021, 13, 435 .

AMA Style

Fenfen Liu, Tonghui Zhang, Haibin Ye, Shilin Tang. Using Satellite Remote Sensing to Study the Effect of Sand Excavation on the Suspended Sediment in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge Region. Water. 2021; 13 (4):435.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fenfen Liu; Tonghui Zhang; Haibin Ye; Shilin Tang. 2021. "Using Satellite Remote Sensing to Study the Effect of Sand Excavation on the Suspended Sediment in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge Region." Water 13, no. 4: 435.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2021 in Remote Sensing
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Water transparency, measured with Secchi disk depth (SDD), is an important parameter for describing the optical properties of a water body. This study evaluates variations of SDD and related impact factors in the Bohai and Yellow Seas (BYS). Based on a new mechanistic model proposed by Lee et al. (2015) applied to MODIS remote sensing reflectance data, climatological SDD variation from 2003 to 2019 was estimated. The annual mean images showed an increasing trend from the coastal zone to the deep ocean. Lower values were found in the Bohai Sea (BHS), while higher values observed in the center of the southern Yellow Sea (SYS). Additionally, the entire sea has shown a decreasing temporal tend, with the variation rate lowest in the BHS at 0.003 m y-1, and highest in the SYS at 0.015 m y-1. However, the weak increasing trend that appeared since 2017 suggests that water quality seems to have improved. Further, it displayed seasonal patterns of low in winter and spring and high in summer and autumn. The empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of SDD variations over the BYS, shows that the first SDD EOF mode is the highest, strongly correlated with total suspended matter. With the high correlation coefficients of chromophoric dissolved organic matter, it illustrates that the SDD variation is mainly dominated by the optical components in the seawater, although correlation with chlorophyll-a is the weakest. The second and third EOF modes show that photosynthetically available radiation, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and wind speed are the main covariates that cause SDD changes. Water transparency evaluation on a long-term scale is essential for water quality monitoring and marine ecosystem protection.

ACS Style

Yan Zhou; Dingfeng Yu; Qian Yang; Shunqi Pan; Yingying Gai; Wentao Cheng; Xiaoyan Liu; Shilin Tang. Variations of Water Transparency and Impact Factors in the Bohai and Yellow Seas from Satellite Observations. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 514 .

AMA Style

Yan Zhou, Dingfeng Yu, Qian Yang, Shunqi Pan, Yingying Gai, Wentao Cheng, Xiaoyan Liu, Shilin Tang. Variations of Water Transparency and Impact Factors in the Bohai and Yellow Seas from Satellite Observations. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (3):514.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan Zhou; Dingfeng Yu; Qian Yang; Shunqi Pan; Yingying Gai; Wentao Cheng; Xiaoyan Liu; Shilin Tang. 2021. "Variations of Water Transparency and Impact Factors in the Bohai and Yellow Seas from Satellite Observations." Remote Sensing 13, no. 3: 514.

Journal article
Published: 20 October 2020 in Remote Sensing
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More than 1100 lakes covering an area greater than 4500 km2 are located on the Tibetan Plateau, and these lakes are important regulators of several large and famous rivers in Asia. The determination of hydrological changes that have occurred in these lakes can reflect climate change and supply scientific data to plateau environmental research. Data from high frequency (moderate-resolution imaging spectro-radiometer) MODIS images, altimetry, and the Hydroweb database collected during 2000–2015 were integrated in this study to delineate the detailed hydrological changes of 15 lakes in three basins—Inner Basin, Indus Basin, and Brahmaputra Basin—on the southern Tibetan Plateau. Seven of the 10 lakes in the Inner Basin presented increasing trends with various intensities, and the increasing rates in the area of four lakes (Nam Co, Selin Co, Zhari-namco, and Ngangze) were 1.62, 28.81, 2.27, and 3.70 km2/yr, respectively. The yearly increases in volume of the four lakes were 3.6, 9.44, 6, and 2.36 km3, respectively. A water balance equation was established for the four lakes based on lake volume changes to illustrate the contributions of precipitation, ground runoff, evaporation, and other factors. The results revealed that surface runoff was the major contributor to expansion, and lake surface evaporation was almost 2.76–3.86 times that of lake surface precipitation. The two lakes in Indus Basin, Rakshastal and Mapam Yumco, presented a slight retreat. As a representative of Brahmaputra Basin, Yamzho Yumco underwent a retreat of –3.49 km2/yr in area, –0.39 m/yr in level, and –0.19 km3/yr in volume. Decreasing precipitation, increasing evaporation, and the operation of a hydrological project were the main causes of its constant retreat.

ACS Style

Fangdi Sun; Ronghua Ma; Bin He; Xiaoli Zhao; Yuchao Zeng; Siyi Zhang; Shilin Tang. Changing Patterns of Lakes on The Southern Tibetan Plateau Based on Multi-Source Satellite Data. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 3450 .

AMA Style

Fangdi Sun, Ronghua Ma, Bin He, Xiaoli Zhao, Yuchao Zeng, Siyi Zhang, Shilin Tang. Changing Patterns of Lakes on The Southern Tibetan Plateau Based on Multi-Source Satellite Data. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (20):3450.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fangdi Sun; Ronghua Ma; Bin He; Xiaoli Zhao; Yuchao Zeng; Siyi Zhang; Shilin Tang. 2020. "Changing Patterns of Lakes on The Southern Tibetan Plateau Based on Multi-Source Satellite Data." Remote Sensing 12, no. 20: 3450.

Journal article
Published: 22 August 2020 in Continental Shelf Research
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A support vector machine (SVM) regression algorithm was developed for estimating the chlorophyll-a concentration (Cchla) in the turbid estuarine waters of the Pearl River estuary (PRE) based on visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (VIIRS) ocean color data. The proposed SVM algorithm outperformed the OC3 algorithm in the turbid waters. The temporal variation and spatial distribution of SVM-based monthly Cchla products were determined during 2012 and 2018. By analyzing the monthly average Cchla products and ancillary data, the underlying mechanisms of the Cchla coastal summer plume jet and winter bloom were revealed. The Cchla coastal plume jet was often observed in June, when the zonal wind direction changed from westward to eastward and the river runoff reached its maximum value of the year. The winter bloom in the ocean area was attributed to strong mixing in the upper layer, which resulted from cooling-induced buoyancy changes.

ACS Style

Haibin Ye; Chaoyu Yang; Shilin Tang; Chuqun Chen. The phytoplankton variability in the Pearl River estuary based on VIIRS imagery. Continental Shelf Research 2020, 207, 104228 .

AMA Style

Haibin Ye, Chaoyu Yang, Shilin Tang, Chuqun Chen. The phytoplankton variability in the Pearl River estuary based on VIIRS imagery. Continental Shelf Research. 2020; 207 ():104228.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Haibin Ye; Chaoyu Yang; Shilin Tang; Chuqun Chen. 2020. "The phytoplankton variability in the Pearl River estuary based on VIIRS imagery." Continental Shelf Research 207, no. : 104228.

Journal article
Published: 15 July 2020 in Remote Sensing
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We evaluated six empirical and semianalytical models of the diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm (Kd(490)) using an in situ dataset collected in the Pearl River estuary (PRE). A combined model with the most accurate performance (correlation coefficient, R2 = 0.92) was selected and applied for long-term estimation from 2003 to 2017. Physical and biological processes in the PRE over the 14-year period were investigated by applying satellite observations (MODIS/Aqua data) and season-reliant empirical orthogonal function analysis (S-EOF). In winter, the average Kd(490) was significantly higher than in the other three seasons. A slight increasing trend was observed in spring and summer, whereas a decreasing trend was observed in winter. In summer, a tongue with a relatively high Kd(490) was found in southeastern Lingdingyang Bay. In Eastern Guangdong province (GDP), the relatively higher Kd(490) value was found in autumn and winter. Based on the second mode of S-EOF, we found that the higher values in the eastern GDP extended westward and formed a distinguishable tongue in winter. The grey relational analysis revealed that chlorophyll-a concentration (Cchla) and total suspended sediment concentration (Ctsm) were two dominant contributors determining the magnitude of Kd(490) values. The Ctsm-dominated waters were generally located in coastal and estuarine turbid waters; the Cchla-dominated waters were observed in open clear ocean. The distribution of constituents-dominated area was different in the four seasons, which was affected by physical forces, including wind field, river runoff, and sea surface temperature.

ACS Style

Chaoyu Yang; Haibin Ye; Shilin Tang. Seasonal Variability of Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient in the Pearl River Estuary from Long-Term Remote Sensing Imagery. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 2269 .

AMA Style

Chaoyu Yang, Haibin Ye, Shilin Tang. Seasonal Variability of Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient in the Pearl River Estuary from Long-Term Remote Sensing Imagery. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (14):2269.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chaoyu Yang; Haibin Ye; Shilin Tang. 2020. "Seasonal Variability of Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient in the Pearl River Estuary from Long-Term Remote Sensing Imagery." Remote Sensing 12, no. 14: 2269.

Journal article
Published: 18 June 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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New evidences provided that the tropical cyclone (TC) Linfa in 2015 induced looping path of Kuroshio invasion into the northeastern South China Sea (NESCS) through the northwestern Luzon Strait (LS), based on the in-situ measurements, satellite data and model output data. This TC-enhanced Kuroshio invasion with low nutrients and denser waters suppressed the TC “Wind Pump” induced upwelling and nutrients uptake, and therefore inhibited the Chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a) increase from surface to ~50 m in the open ocean of the NESCS. The TC-induced Kuroshio invasion promoted the generation of the strong cyclonic eddy to its left side where weak Ekman Pumping Velocity was observed. This enhancing cyclonic eddy then dominated the nutrients uplift and increased the surface and subsurface (0–50 m) Chl-a through eddy pumping rather than Ekman Pumping. The TC-declined anti-cyclonic eddy, which shoaled the Mixed Layer Depth (MLD), benefited to the nutrient uptake through TC-induced upwelling and thereby increased the surface Chl-a and raised the Chl-a Maximum Layer (CML) to ~20 m over the southwestern LS. The temporal Chl-a variations were also influenced by TC intensities and biochemical processes. The air-sea heat budget analysis indicated that, the air-sea heat exchange contributed to nearly 80% of the sea surface cooling (SST cooling) over the northwestern LS with Kuroshio invasion, while eddy-induced upwelling dominated the SST cooling over the western LS, and the wind-driven upwelling (and mixing) controlled the SST cooling over the southwestern LS. These different formations of SST cooling then played important role in Chl-a variations. This study is the first case of TC “Wind Pump” induced Chl-a variations considering air-sea heat exchange, Kuroshio invasion and mesoscale eddies over LS, which would help to evaluate the influence of TCs over the other major heat transport arteries of the world ocean: The Gulf Stream area.

ACS Style

Yupeng Liu; Danling Tang; Shilin Tang; Evgeny Morozov; Wenzhao Liang; Yi Sui. A case study of Chlorophyll a response to tropical cyclone Wind Pump considering Kuroshio invasion and air-sea heat exchange. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 741, 140290 .

AMA Style

Yupeng Liu, Danling Tang, Shilin Tang, Evgeny Morozov, Wenzhao Liang, Yi Sui. A case study of Chlorophyll a response to tropical cyclone Wind Pump considering Kuroshio invasion and air-sea heat exchange. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 741 ():140290.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yupeng Liu; Danling Tang; Shilin Tang; Evgeny Morozov; Wenzhao Liang; Yi Sui. 2020. "A case study of Chlorophyll a response to tropical cyclone Wind Pump considering Kuroshio invasion and air-sea heat exchange." Science of The Total Environment 741, no. : 140290.

Porsec2018
Published: 06 February 2020 in International Journal of Remote Sensing
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The duration of a single satellite deployment is insufficient to detect long-term trends in phytoplankton biomass. By integrating data from different platforms, we quantified the phytoplankton trends in the South China Sea (SCS) from the early-to-mid 1980s to the present. We focused on winter data because the sea surface temperature (SST) in winter has been increasing over the past three decades. We included data from three different eras: (1) the Coastal Zone Colour Scanner (CZCS) period (1979–1983), (2) the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) period (1998–2002), and (3) the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) period (2010–2014). There was a decline in phytoplankton (approximately 0.15 mg m−3) over the entire SCS from the CZCS period to the SeaWiFS period. The largest reduction (over 0.3 mg m−3) occurred in the northern and western SCS. After the SeaWiFS period, the phytoplankton increased by approximately 0.05 mg m−3. The largest increase was observed to the west of Luzon Strait, extending towards the east coast of Hainan Island. The fluctuations in phytoplankton from the early-to-mid 1980s to the present were consistent with the variation in the wind field rather than with the continued increase in SST. The wind speed decreased from the CZCS period to the SeaWiFS period and increased from the SeaWiFS period to the MODIS period. Moreover, the nutrient variations induced by the mixed-layer depth also contributed to the fluctuations in phytoplankton.

ACS Style

Shilin Tang; Fenfen Liu. Remote sensing of phytoplankton decline during the late 1980s and early 1990s in the South China Sea. International Journal of Remote Sensing 2020, 41, 6010 -6021.

AMA Style

Shilin Tang, Fenfen Liu. Remote sensing of phytoplankton decline during the late 1980s and early 1990s in the South China Sea. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 2020; 41 (15):6010-6021.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shilin Tang; Fenfen Liu. 2020. "Remote sensing of phytoplankton decline during the late 1980s and early 1990s in the South China Sea." International Journal of Remote Sensing 41, no. 15: 6010-6021.

Original articles
Published: 23 October 2008 in International Journal of Remote Sensing
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A major task of ocean colour observations is to determine the distribution of phytoplankton primary production. At present, the global coverage of the sea surface chlorophyll concentration, sea surface temperature, photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) can nominally be achieved every 1 to 2 days with standard algorithms from satellite data. From these standard products, a variety of bio‐optical algorithms has been developed to estimate ocean primary productivity. In this communication, we have investigated the possibility of using a novel universal approximator‐support vector machine (SVM) as the nonlinear transfer function between ocean primary productivity and the information that can be retrieved from satellite data, including chlorophyll concentration, PAR, maximum carbon fixation rate and day length, which is the same as the vertically generalized production model (VPGM). The VGPM dataset was used to evaluate the proposed approach. The primary production algorithm round robin 2 (PPARR2) dataset was used to further compare the precision between the VGPM and the SVM model. The results suggest that the SVM model is more accurate than the VGPM. Using the SVM model to calculate the global ocean primary productivity, the result is 45.5 Pg C yr−1, which is a little higher than the VGPM result.

ACS Style

S. Tang; C. Chen; H. Zhan; T. Zhang. Determination of ocean primary productivity using support vector machines. International Journal of Remote Sensing 2008, 29, 6227 -6236.

AMA Style

S. Tang, C. Chen, H. Zhan, T. Zhang. Determination of ocean primary productivity using support vector machines. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 2008; 29 (21):6227-6236.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. Tang; C. Chen; H. Zhan; T. Zhang. 2008. "Determination of ocean primary productivity using support vector machines." International Journal of Remote Sensing 29, no. 21: 6227-6236.