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Manasi Majumdar
National Institute for Biological Standards and Controls, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK

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Journal article
Published: 06 August 2021 in Vaccines
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Response to and monitoring of viral outbreaks can be efficiently focused when rapid, quantitative, kinetic information provides the location and the number of infected individuals. Environmental surveillance traditionally provides information on location of populations with contagious, infected individuals since infectious poliovirus is excreted whether infections are asymptomatic or symptomatic. Here, we describe development of rapid (1 week turnaround time, TAT), quantitative RT-PCR of poliovirus RNA extracted directly from concentrated environmental surveillance samples to infer the number of infected individuals excreting poliovirus. The quantitation method was validated using data from vaccination with bivalent oral polio vaccine (bOPV). The method was then applied to infer the weekly number of excreters in a large, sustained, asymptomatic outbreak of wild type 1 poliovirus in Israel (2013) in a population where >90% of the individuals received three doses of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). Evidence-based intervention strategies were based on the short TAT for direct quantitative detection. Furthermore, a TAT shorter than the duration of poliovirus excretion allowed resampling of infected individuals. Finally, the method documented absence of infections after successful intervention of the asymptomatic outbreak. The methodologies described here can be applied to outbreaks of other excreted viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), where there are (1) significant numbers of asymptomatic infections; (2) long incubation times during which infectious virus is excreted; and (3) limited resources, facilities, and manpower that restrict the number of individuals who can be tested and re-tested.

ACS Style

Yuri Perepliotchikov; Tomer Ziv-Baran; Musa Hindiyeh; Yossi Manor; Danit Sofer; Jacob Moran-Gilad; Laura Stephens; Ella Mendelson; Merav Weil; Ravit Bassal; Emilia Anis; Shepherd Singer; Ehud Kaliner; Gillian Cooper; Manasi Majumdar; Michal Markovich; Daniela Ram; Itamar Grotto; Ronni Gamzu; Javier Martin; Lester Shulman. Inferring Numbers of Wild Poliovirus Excretors Using Quantitative Environmental Surveillance. Vaccines 2021, 9, 870 .

AMA Style

Yuri Perepliotchikov, Tomer Ziv-Baran, Musa Hindiyeh, Yossi Manor, Danit Sofer, Jacob Moran-Gilad, Laura Stephens, Ella Mendelson, Merav Weil, Ravit Bassal, Emilia Anis, Shepherd Singer, Ehud Kaliner, Gillian Cooper, Manasi Majumdar, Michal Markovich, Daniela Ram, Itamar Grotto, Ronni Gamzu, Javier Martin, Lester Shulman. Inferring Numbers of Wild Poliovirus Excretors Using Quantitative Environmental Surveillance. Vaccines. 2021; 9 (8):870.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuri Perepliotchikov; Tomer Ziv-Baran; Musa Hindiyeh; Yossi Manor; Danit Sofer; Jacob Moran-Gilad; Laura Stephens; Ella Mendelson; Merav Weil; Ravit Bassal; Emilia Anis; Shepherd Singer; Ehud Kaliner; Gillian Cooper; Manasi Majumdar; Michal Markovich; Daniela Ram; Itamar Grotto; Ronni Gamzu; Javier Martin; Lester Shulman. 2021. "Inferring Numbers of Wild Poliovirus Excretors Using Quantitative Environmental Surveillance." Vaccines 9, no. 8: 870.

Journal article
Published: 08 April 2021 in Viruses
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There are increasing concerns of infections by enteroviruses (EVs) causing severe disease in humans. EV diagnostic laboratory methods show differences in sensitivity and specificity as well as the level of genetic information provided. We examined a detection method for EVs based on next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of amplicons covering the entire capsid coding region directly synthesized from clinical samples. One hundred and twelve clinical samples from England; previously shown to be positive for EVs, were analyzed. There was high concordance between the results obtained by the new NGS approach and those from the conventional Sanger method used originally with agreement in the serotypes identified in the 83 samples that were typed by both methods. The sensitivity and specificity of the NGS method compared to those of the conventional Sanger sequencing typing assay were 94.74% (95% confidence interval, 73.97% to 99.87%) and 97.85% (92.45% to 99.74%) for Enterovirus A, 93.75% (82.80% to 98.69%) and 89.06% (78.75% to 95.49%) for Enterovirus B, 100% (59.04% to 100%) and 98.10% (93.29% to 99.77%) for Enterovirus C, and 100% (75.29% to 100%) and 100% (96.34% to 100%) for Enterovirus D. The NGS method identified five EVs in previously untyped samples as well as additional viruses in some samples, indicating co-infection. This method can be easily expanded to generate whole-genome EV sequences as we show here for EV-D68. Information from capsid and whole-genome sequences is critical to help identifying the genetic basis for changes in viral properties and establishing accurate spatial-temporal associations between EV strains of public health relevance.

ACS Style

Manasi Majumdar; Cristina Celma; Elaine Pegg; Krunal Polra; Jake Dunning; Javier Martin. Detection and Typing of Human Enteroviruses from Clinical Samples by Entire-Capsid Next Generation Sequencing. Viruses 2021, 13, 641 .

AMA Style

Manasi Majumdar, Cristina Celma, Elaine Pegg, Krunal Polra, Jake Dunning, Javier Martin. Detection and Typing of Human Enteroviruses from Clinical Samples by Entire-Capsid Next Generation Sequencing. Viruses. 2021; 13 (4):641.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manasi Majumdar; Cristina Celma; Elaine Pegg; Krunal Polra; Jake Dunning; Javier Martin. 2021. "Detection and Typing of Human Enteroviruses from Clinical Samples by Entire-Capsid Next Generation Sequencing." Viruses 13, no. 4: 641.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2021 in Viruses
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Human enteroviruses (EVs) are highly prevalent in sewage and have been associated with human diseases with complications leading to severe neurological syndromes. We have used a recently developed molecular method to investigate the presence of EVs in eight samples collected in 2017–2018 from water streams contaminated by drainage channels in three different locations in Nigeria. A total of 93 human EV strains belonging to 45 different serotypes were identified, far exceeding the number of strains and serotypes found in similar samples in previous studies. Next generation sequencing analysis retrieved whole-capsid genomic nucleotide sequences of EV strains belonging to all four A, B, C, and D species. Our results further demonstrate the value of environmental surveillance for the detection of EV transmission of both serotypes commonly associated with clinical syndromes, such as EV-A71, and those that appear to circulate silently but could eventually cause outbreaks and disease. Several uncommon serotypes, rarely reported elsewhere, were detected such as EV-A119, EV-B87, EV-C116, and EV-D111. Ten EV serotypes were detected in Nigeria for the first time and two of them, CV-A12 and EV-B86, firstly described in Africa. This method can be expanded to generate whole-genome EV sequences as we show here for one EV-D111 strain. Our data revealed phylogenetic relationships of Nigerian sewage strains with EV strains reported elsewhere, mostly from African origin, and provided new insights into the whole-genome structure of emerging serotype EV-D111 and recombination events among EV-D serotypes.

ACS Style

Manasi Majumdar; Dimitra Klapsa; Thomas Wilton; Erika Bujaki; Maria Fernandez-Garcia; Temitope Faleye; Adefunke Oyero; Moses Adewumi; Kader Ndiaye; Johnson Adeniji; Javier Martin. High Diversity of Human Non-Polio Enterovirus Serotypes Identified in Contaminated Water in Nigeria. Viruses 2021, 13, 249 .

AMA Style

Manasi Majumdar, Dimitra Klapsa, Thomas Wilton, Erika Bujaki, Maria Fernandez-Garcia, Temitope Faleye, Adefunke Oyero, Moses Adewumi, Kader Ndiaye, Johnson Adeniji, Javier Martin. High Diversity of Human Non-Polio Enterovirus Serotypes Identified in Contaminated Water in Nigeria. Viruses. 2021; 13 (2):249.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manasi Majumdar; Dimitra Klapsa; Thomas Wilton; Erika Bujaki; Maria Fernandez-Garcia; Temitope Faleye; Adefunke Oyero; Moses Adewumi; Kader Ndiaye; Johnson Adeniji; Javier Martin. 2021. "High Diversity of Human Non-Polio Enterovirus Serotypes Identified in Contaminated Water in Nigeria." Viruses 13, no. 2: 249.

Journal article
Published: 09 October 2020 in Viruses
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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, is frequently shed in faeces during infection, and viral RNA has recently been detected in sewage in some countries. We have investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater samples from South-East England between 14th January and 12th May 2020. A novel nested RT-PCR approach targeting five different regions of the viral genome improved the sensitivity of RT-qPCR assays and generated nucleotide sequences at sites with known sequence polymorphisms among SARS-CoV-2 isolates. We were able to detect co-circulating virus variants, some specifically prevalent in England, and to identify changes in viral RNA sequences with time consistent with the recently reported increasing global dominance of Spike protein G614 pandemic variant. Low levels of viral RNA were detected in a sample from 11th February, 3 days before the first case was reported in the sewage plant catchment area. SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration increased in March and April, and a sharp reduction was observed in May, showing the effects of lockdown measures. We conclude that viral RNA sequences found in sewage closely resemble those from clinical samples and that environmental surveillance can be used to monitor SARS-CoV-2 transmission, tracing virus variants and detecting virus importations.

ACS Style

Javier Martin; Dimitra Klapsa; Thomas Wilton; Maria Zambon; Emma Bentley; Erika Bujaki; Martin Fritzsche; Ryan Mate; Manasi Majumdar. Tracking SARS-CoV-2 in Sewage: Evidence of Changes in Virus Variant Predominance during COVID-19 Pandemic. Viruses 2020, 12, 1144 .

AMA Style

Javier Martin, Dimitra Klapsa, Thomas Wilton, Maria Zambon, Emma Bentley, Erika Bujaki, Martin Fritzsche, Ryan Mate, Manasi Majumdar. Tracking SARS-CoV-2 in Sewage: Evidence of Changes in Virus Variant Predominance during COVID-19 Pandemic. Viruses. 2020; 12 (10):1144.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javier Martin; Dimitra Klapsa; Thomas Wilton; Maria Zambon; Emma Bentley; Erika Bujaki; Martin Fritzsche; Ryan Mate; Manasi Majumdar. 2020. "Tracking SARS-CoV-2 in Sewage: Evidence of Changes in Virus Variant Predominance during COVID-19 Pandemic." Viruses 12, no. 10: 1144.

Preprint content
Published: 28 April 2020
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Global poliovirus surveillance involves virus isolation from stool and environmental samples, intratypic differential (ITD) by PCR and sequencing of the VP1 region to distinguish vaccine (Sabin), vaccine-derived and wild-type polioviruses and ensure an appropriate response. This cell-culture algorithm takes 2-3 weeks on average between sample receipt and sequencing. Direct detection of viral RNA using PCR allows faster detection but has traditionally faced challenges related to poor sensitivity and difficulties in sequencing common samples containing poliovirus and enterovirus mixtures. We present a nested PCR and nanopore sequencing protocol that allows rapid (99.9%. This novel method shows promise as a faster and safer alternative to cell-culture for the detection and real-time sequencing of polioviruses in stool and environmental samples.

ACS Style

Alexander G. Shaw; Manasi Majumdar; Catherine Troman; Áine O'toole; Blossom Benny; Dilip Abraham; Ira Praharaj; Gagandeep Kang; Salmaan Sharif; Muhammad Masroor Alam; Shahzad Shaukat; Mehar Angez; Adnan Khurshid; Nayab Mahmood; Yasir Arshad; Lubna Rehman; Ghulam Mujtaba; Ribqa Akthar; Muhammad Salman; Dimitra Klapsa; Yara Hajarha; Humayun Asghar; Ananda Bandyopadhyay; Andrew Rambaut; Javier Martin; Nicholas C Grassly. Rapid and sensitive direct detection and identification of poliovirus from stool and environmental surveillance samples using nanopore sequencing. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Alexander G. Shaw, Manasi Majumdar, Catherine Troman, Áine O'toole, Blossom Benny, Dilip Abraham, Ira Praharaj, Gagandeep Kang, Salmaan Sharif, Muhammad Masroor Alam, Shahzad Shaukat, Mehar Angez, Adnan Khurshid, Nayab Mahmood, Yasir Arshad, Lubna Rehman, Ghulam Mujtaba, Ribqa Akthar, Muhammad Salman, Dimitra Klapsa, Yara Hajarha, Humayun Asghar, Ananda Bandyopadhyay, Andrew Rambaut, Javier Martin, Nicholas C Grassly. Rapid and sensitive direct detection and identification of poliovirus from stool and environmental surveillance samples using nanopore sequencing. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexander G. Shaw; Manasi Majumdar; Catherine Troman; Áine O'toole; Blossom Benny; Dilip Abraham; Ira Praharaj; Gagandeep Kang; Salmaan Sharif; Muhammad Masroor Alam; Shahzad Shaukat; Mehar Angez; Adnan Khurshid; Nayab Mahmood; Yasir Arshad; Lubna Rehman; Ghulam Mujtaba; Ribqa Akthar; Muhammad Salman; Dimitra Klapsa; Yara Hajarha; Humayun Asghar; Ananda Bandyopadhyay; Andrew Rambaut; Javier Martin; Nicholas C Grassly. 2020. "Rapid and sensitive direct detection and identification of poliovirus from stool and environmental surveillance samples using nanopore sequencing." , no. : 1.

Preprint
Published: 20 August 2019
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Detection of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) in wastewater samples from the UK between December 2014 and December 2018 showed a marked seasonal distribution with a high proportion of samples containing EV-D68 during periods when identification of this virus in clinical samples was most common. This includes a recent upsurge of EV-D68 detection in respiratory samples from the United Kingdom between August and December 2018 associated with cases of acute flaccid myelitis, following similar reports in the USA. Phylogenetic analysis of EV-D68 sewage strains demonstrated that strains belonging to distinct genetic clades followed the same temporal distribution as that observed for EV-D68 clinical strains in the UK and that they showed very close genetic relationship with EV-D68 strains circulating elsewhere in the world during the same periods. The results demonstrated a clear association between detecting EV-D68 in wastewater and finding it in clinical samples which was somehow unexpected given that EV-D68 is rarely detected in stool samples. We conclude that the use of environmental surveillance is a valuable tool to detect and monitor outbreaks due to EV-68 infection.

ACS Style

Manasi Majumdar; Thomas Wilton; Yara Hajarha; Dimitra Klapsa; Javier Martin. Detection of Enterovirus D68 in wastewater samples from the United Kingdom during outbreaks reported globally between 2015 and 2018. 2019, 738948 .

AMA Style

Manasi Majumdar, Thomas Wilton, Yara Hajarha, Dimitra Klapsa, Javier Martin. Detection of Enterovirus D68 in wastewater samples from the United Kingdom during outbreaks reported globally between 2015 and 2018. . 2019; ():738948.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manasi Majumdar; Thomas Wilton; Yara Hajarha; Dimitra Klapsa; Javier Martin. 2019. "Detection of Enterovirus D68 in wastewater samples from the United Kingdom during outbreaks reported globally between 2015 and 2018." , no. : 738948.

Journal article
Published: 09 July 2018 in Journal of Virological Methods
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Environmental surveillance (EnvS)2 is an important tool for monitoring the presence of poliovirus in endemic and poliovirus free regions. Unlike acute flaccid paralysis (AFP)3 surveillance, EnvS can monitor large populations using small numbers of samples and detect the introduction of poliovirus even before the appearance of AFP cases. Early detection and timely response can prevent the onset of poliovirus associated AFP, as was demonstrated by silent poliovirus transmission in Israel in 2013. Although EnvS is currently recommended as supplementary to AFP surveillance, it is limited to laboratories with equipment for poliovirus concentration and to regions where samples can be easily transported under temperature controlled conditions to such facilities. However the highest risk of poliovirus re-emergence is in developing countries where such conditions do not exist. We developed and evaluated an affinity purification method using antibody or poliovirus receptor (CD155) presenting bacteriophage covered magnetic beads for poliovirus concentration. This method requires only simple, inexpensive and portable equipment. Though tested only on Sabin 1 spiked sewage samples it provided better recovery than our current polyethylene glycol (PEG)4/NaCl- based concentration method. On site use of this method might facilitate EnvS in currently inaccessible remote regions by significantly reducing the volume of sample that needs to be transported back to the laboratory under temperature-controlled conditions5.

ACS Style

Yuri Perepliotchikov; Itai Benhar; Yossi Manor; Thomas Wilton; Manasi Majumdar; Javier Martin; Ella Mendelson; Lester M. Shulman. A novel magnetic beads-based method for polioviral concentration from environmental samples. Journal of Virological Methods 2018, 260, 62 -69.

AMA Style

Yuri Perepliotchikov, Itai Benhar, Yossi Manor, Thomas Wilton, Manasi Majumdar, Javier Martin, Ella Mendelson, Lester M. Shulman. A novel magnetic beads-based method for polioviral concentration from environmental samples. Journal of Virological Methods. 2018; 260 ():62-69.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuri Perepliotchikov; Itai Benhar; Yossi Manor; Thomas Wilton; Manasi Majumdar; Javier Martin; Ella Mendelson; Lester M. Shulman. 2018. "A novel magnetic beads-based method for polioviral concentration from environmental samples." Journal of Virological Methods 260, no. : 62-69.

Practice guideline
Published: 17 January 2018 in Journal of Clinical Virology
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Enteroviruses (EV) can cause severe neurological and respiratory infections, and occasionally lead to devastating outbreaks as previously demonstrated with EV-A71 and EV-D68 in Europe. However, these infections are still often underdiagnosed and EV typing data is not currently collected at European level. In order to improve EV diagnostics, collate data on severe EV infections and monitor the circulation of EV types, we have established European non-polio enterovirus network (ENPEN). First task of this cross-border network has been to ensure prompt and adequate diagnosis of these infections in Europe, and hence we present recommendations for non-polio EV detection and typing based on the consensus view of this multidisciplinary team including experts from over 20 European countries. We recommend that respiratory and stool samples in addition to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples are submitted for EV testing from patients with suspected neurological infections. This is vital since viruses like EV-D68 are rarely detectable in CSF or stool samples. Furthermore, reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) targeting the 5'noncoding regions (5′NCR) should be used for diagnosis of EVs due to their sensitivity, specificity and short turnaround time. Sequencing of the VP1 capsid protein gene is recommended for EV typing; EV typing cannot be based on the 5′NCR sequences due to frequent recombination events and should not rely on virus isolation. Effective and standardised laboratory diagnostics and characterisation of circulating virus strains are the first step towards effective and continuous surveillance activities, which in turn will be used to provide better estimation on EV disease burden.

ACS Style

Heli Harvala; Eeva Broberg; Kimberley Benschop; Natasa Berginc; Shamez Ladhani; Petri Susi; Claus Christiansen; James McKenna; David Allen; Phoebe Makiello; Georgina McAllister; Mirabelli Carmen; Katherina Zakikhany; Robert Dyrdak; Xiaohui Nielsen; Tina Madsen; Joel Paul; Catherine Moore; Karin von Eije; Antonio Piralla; Mieke Carlier; Laura Vanoverschelde; Randy Poelman; Andres Anton; F. Xavier López-Labrador; Laura Pellegrinelli; Kathrin Keeren; Melanie Maier; Hayley Cassidy; Stavros Derdas; Carita Savolainen-Kopra; Sabine Diedrich; Svein Nordbø; Javier Buesa; Jean-Luc Bailly; Fausto Baldanti; Andrew MacAdam; Audrey Mirand; Susanne Gjeruldsen Dudman; Isabelle Schuffenecker; Seilesh Kadambari; Johan Neyts; Michael J. Griffiths; Jan Richter; Cristina Margaretto; Sheila Govind; Ursula Morley; Ortwin Adams; Sidsel Krokstad; Jonathan Dean; Margarita Pons-Salort; Birgit Prochazka; Maria Cabrerizo; Manasi Majumdar; Gaia Nebbia; Maryse Wiewel; Simon Cottrell; Peter Coyle; Javier Martin; Catrin Moore; Sofie Midgley; Peter Horby; Katja Wolthers; Peter Simmonds; Hubert Niesters; Thea Kølsen Fischer. Recommendations for enterovirus diagnostics and characterisation within and beyond Europe. Journal of Clinical Virology 2018, 101, 11 -17.

AMA Style

Heli Harvala, Eeva Broberg, Kimberley Benschop, Natasa Berginc, Shamez Ladhani, Petri Susi, Claus Christiansen, James McKenna, David Allen, Phoebe Makiello, Georgina McAllister, Mirabelli Carmen, Katherina Zakikhany, Robert Dyrdak, Xiaohui Nielsen, Tina Madsen, Joel Paul, Catherine Moore, Karin von Eije, Antonio Piralla, Mieke Carlier, Laura Vanoverschelde, Randy Poelman, Andres Anton, F. Xavier López-Labrador, Laura Pellegrinelli, Kathrin Keeren, Melanie Maier, Hayley Cassidy, Stavros Derdas, Carita Savolainen-Kopra, Sabine Diedrich, Svein Nordbø, Javier Buesa, Jean-Luc Bailly, Fausto Baldanti, Andrew MacAdam, Audrey Mirand, Susanne Gjeruldsen Dudman, Isabelle Schuffenecker, Seilesh Kadambari, Johan Neyts, Michael J. Griffiths, Jan Richter, Cristina Margaretto, Sheila Govind, Ursula Morley, Ortwin Adams, Sidsel Krokstad, Jonathan Dean, Margarita Pons-Salort, Birgit Prochazka, Maria Cabrerizo, Manasi Majumdar, Gaia Nebbia, Maryse Wiewel, Simon Cottrell, Peter Coyle, Javier Martin, Catrin Moore, Sofie Midgley, Peter Horby, Katja Wolthers, Peter Simmonds, Hubert Niesters, Thea Kølsen Fischer. Recommendations for enterovirus diagnostics and characterisation within and beyond Europe. Journal of Clinical Virology. 2018; 101 ():11-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heli Harvala; Eeva Broberg; Kimberley Benschop; Natasa Berginc; Shamez Ladhani; Petri Susi; Claus Christiansen; James McKenna; David Allen; Phoebe Makiello; Georgina McAllister; Mirabelli Carmen; Katherina Zakikhany; Robert Dyrdak; Xiaohui Nielsen; Tina Madsen; Joel Paul; Catherine Moore; Karin von Eije; Antonio Piralla; Mieke Carlier; Laura Vanoverschelde; Randy Poelman; Andres Anton; F. Xavier López-Labrador; Laura Pellegrinelli; Kathrin Keeren; Melanie Maier; Hayley Cassidy; Stavros Derdas; Carita Savolainen-Kopra; Sabine Diedrich; Svein Nordbø; Javier Buesa; Jean-Luc Bailly; Fausto Baldanti; Andrew MacAdam; Audrey Mirand; Susanne Gjeruldsen Dudman; Isabelle Schuffenecker; Seilesh Kadambari; Johan Neyts; Michael J. Griffiths; Jan Richter; Cristina Margaretto; Sheila Govind; Ursula Morley; Ortwin Adams; Sidsel Krokstad; Jonathan Dean; Margarita Pons-Salort; Birgit Prochazka; Maria Cabrerizo; Manasi Majumdar; Gaia Nebbia; Maryse Wiewel; Simon Cottrell; Peter Coyle; Javier Martin; Catrin Moore; Sofie Midgley; Peter Horby; Katja Wolthers; Peter Simmonds; Hubert Niesters; Thea Kølsen Fischer. 2018. "Recommendations for enterovirus diagnostics and characterisation within and beyond Europe." Journal of Clinical Virology 101, no. : 11-17.

Journal article
Published: 22 December 2017 in Journal of Infectious Diseases
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BackgroundEnvironmental surveillance (ES) is a sensitive method for detecting human enterovirus (HEV) circulation and it is used worldwide to support global polio eradication. We describe a novel ES approach using next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify HEVs in sewage samples taken in London, UK, from June-2016 to May-2017.Methods and ResultsTwo different sewage concentration methods were used: a two-phase aqueous separation system and size-exclusion by filtration and centrifugation, in combination with virus isolation in cell cultures and NGS. Type 1 and 3 vaccine-like poliovirus (PV) strains were detected in samples from September 2016 and January 2017. NGS analysis allowed us to rapidly obtain whole-genome sequences of polio and non-polio HEV strains. As many as six virus strains from different HEV serotypes were identified in a single cell culture flask. PV isolates contained only a small number of mutations from vaccine strains commonly seen in early isolates from vaccinees.ConclusionsOur ES setup has high sensitivity for polio and non-polio HEV detection generating nearly whole-genome sequence information. Such ES systems provide critical information to assist the polio eradication endgame and contribute to improve our understanding of HEV circulation patterns in humans.

ACS Style

Manasi Majumdar; Dimitra Klapsa; Thomas Wilton; Joyce Odeke Akello; Catherine Anscombe; David Allen; Edward T Mee; Philip D Minor; Javier Martin. Isolation of Vaccine-Like Poliovirus Strains in Sewage Samples From the United Kingdom. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2017, 217, 1222 -1230.

AMA Style

Manasi Majumdar, Dimitra Klapsa, Thomas Wilton, Joyce Odeke Akello, Catherine Anscombe, David Allen, Edward T Mee, Philip D Minor, Javier Martin. Isolation of Vaccine-Like Poliovirus Strains in Sewage Samples From the United Kingdom. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2017; 217 (8):1222-1230.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manasi Majumdar; Dimitra Klapsa; Thomas Wilton; Joyce Odeke Akello; Catherine Anscombe; David Allen; Edward T Mee; Philip D Minor; Javier Martin. 2017. "Isolation of Vaccine-Like Poliovirus Strains in Sewage Samples From the United Kingdom." Journal of Infectious Diseases 217, no. 8: 1222-1230.