In a world of nonstop developing technology, Blockchain has become a trusted tool to apply transparency in the public sector. The consensus mechanism provides trusted data that can support clear and adjusted as well as well-structured procedures. Nowadays, the public sector can increase trust by adapting Blockchain applications in the services offered to be e-government portals. In this paper, the researchers review the literature to identify the potential use cases and application of Blockchain in e-government services. This new technology along with its related applications will be discussed and defined. Moreover, the possibilities of using Blockchain in the public sector and its impact on organizational transformation, financial management, and performance are increasing. The study concluded that the use of blockchain technologies and applications is still limited in the public sector. Obstacles and barriers are related mostly to (security and privacy) and law and by-laws support. This paper will provide a useful reference for researchers in blockchain applications and their impact on e-government and propose future research questions that need to be addressed to inform how the public sector should approach the blockchain technology adoption.

AI (Artificial Intelligence) and large language models such as GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) have brought rapid and profound changes in the field of companies and the economy. These technologies offer new opportunities in automation, data-driven decision making, and customer service that can have a significant impact on companies' competitiveness and economic growth. At the same time, it is important to understand that the general application of GPT and AI alone does not guarantee a company's competitive advantage. There are many factors to consider, and the pros and cons must be weighed carefully. Ethical and legal issues such as data protection and non-discrimination are critical. In addition, adapting to technological development and a changing environment is key to long-term success. In this paper, the importance of corporate application of GPT and MI, advantages and disadvantages, ethical and legal aspects, challenges of regulation and development, as well as the importance of cooperation and training are reviewed. Pursuing reasonable and responsible use can enable companies and the economy to improve competitiveness while protecting society and the rights of individuals. The first part of this paper introduces the Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (GPT) and some key concepts related to ChatGPT. In the second part, the effects, opportunities, and limitations of GPT on businesses follow.

The classic conceptual modeling around business processes followed by the 'bus matrix' methodology of designing the data cubes of data warehouses (Kimball & Ross 2013). For a serious system, such a quantity of management questions and dimensions, the bus matrix results a difficult-to-understand conceptual data model. The subject of automation and conceptual design-to which many individual methods already have been developed-are relevant topics in today's literature also. In the 2010s data warehouse projects were realized in Hungarian higher education to inform the decision makers of the universities about their own institutions. As we participated in this project in 2009-2010, we faced that our bus matrix at the end contained about 80-120 indicators with nearly 200 dimensions (dimensional attributes), therefore we worked on the early stenography to formalize the management question. We provide a kind of 'business intelligence problem solving thinking' and a kind of descriptive language that can serve it and present a method which has two novelties compared to formers: 1. It is based on the management questions and its visualization. 2. As a kind of stenography, it is always based on the terminology corresponding to the current problem, so it forms an intermediate language for the data model. We introduce our method through an example in a popular research area which is activity tracking.

A felsőoktatásban megkerülhetetlen az informatika oktatása, függetlenül attól, hogy a mai diákok már a Z generációhoz tartoznak és nekik az informatika az élet szerves részét képezi. A szerzők elsődleges célkitűzése az volt, hogy megvizsgálják a felsőoktatásba bekerülő hallgatók vélt és tényleges gyakorlati tudását a táblázatkezelés tekintetében. Ennek megfelelően kialakításra került egy kérdőív és egy gyakorlati feladatsor. A kérdőívben a hallgatók korábbi informatika tanulmányaik megadásán túlmenően értékelniük kellett tudásukat szövegszerkesztés, táblázatkelés és adatbázis-kezelés területek mentén. A gyakorlati felmérés során a hallgatók egy középszintű informatika érettségi Excel feladatsort kellett megoldaniuk. A gyakorlati eredmények tekintetében megfigyelhettük, hogy a felmérésben résztvevők saját tudásuk megítélése gyakran igen nagymértékben eltér a tényleges gyakorlati tudástól. Ami a konkrét eredményeket illeti megállapítottuk, hogy hallgatók felének teljesítménye 20% alatt volt, illetve összességében közel 85%-uk 40% alatt oldotta meg a feladatsort. Elemzésünk azt is kimutatta, hogy az Informatika érettségivel rendelkező hallgatók jelentősen jobb eredményeket értek el. --- Students’ spreadsheet knowledge - differences between perceived and real knowledge Teaching Computer Science in higher education is imperative, even though today’s students can be considered to be part of generation Z where technology is an es¬sential part of everyday life. The primary objective of the authors was to examine the perceived and actual knowledge of spreadsheet applications of students entering higher education. A questionnaire and a practical test have therefore been com¬posed. In the questionnaire, students were asked to provide information concerning their previous IT studies and rate their knowledge of word processing, spreadsheets and database management. During the practical, students were asked to solve an Excel exercise taken from a secondary school Computer Science final exam at stan¬dard level. In respect to the results of the practical test there were differences between the perceived and actual knowledge of students’ spreadsheet applications. In respect to the actual results, we found that half of the students’ performance was below 20 per cent, and overall, nearly 85 per cent of them had completed the test with scores under 40 per cent. Our analysis also demonstrated that students that had graduated in Information Technology achieved significantly better results.